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??前面幾篇學(xué)了基本的SQL語句和用工具操作數(shù)據(jù)庫,今天講一下用代碼操作數(shù)據(jù)庫。
連接MySQL
??首先記得需要導(dǎo)包,jdbc連接MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫的jar包,名字:mysql-connector-java
??首先記得需要導(dǎo)包,jdbc連接MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫的jar包,名字:mysql-connector-java
??首先記得需要導(dǎo)包,jdbc連接MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫的jar包,名字:mysql-connector-java
代碼如下:
//1、獲取驅(qū)動類,路動類路徑:com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//獲取url:jdbc:mysql://ip:端口號/數(shù)據(jù)庫名稱
String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test4";
//用戶名
String username = "root";
//密碼
String password = "123";
//獲取Connection對象
Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
System.out.print(connection);
??總的來說,先要獲取驅(qū)動類,然后就是獲取Connection對象,就是一行代碼DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);能走通,就說明連接上了。
修改數(shù)據(jù)庫
@Test
public void test1() throws ClassNotFoundException, SQLException {
//獲取驅(qū)動類
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//獲取url
String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test4";
//用戶名
String username = "root";
//密碼
String password = "123";
//獲取Connection對象
Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
System.out.print(connection);
//獲取Statement對象
Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
//String sql="INSERT INTO employee (eid,ename,edid) VALUES(null,'小紅',2)";
String sql = "UPDATE employee SET edid=1 WHERE ename='小紅'";
statement.executeUpdate(sql);
statement.close();
connection.close();
}
??就是在連接數(shù)據(jù)庫之后,通過Connection對象獲取Statement對象,通過Statement對象的execute方法執(zhí)行對應(yīng)的SQL語句,最后記得關(guān)閉
查詢數(shù)據(jù)庫
@Test
public void test3() {
Connection con = null;
Statement state = null;
ResultSet resultSet = null;
try {
String driverClassName = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test4";
String username = "root";
String password = "123";
Class.forName(driverClassName);
con = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
state = con.createStatement();
String querySQL = "SELECT * FROM employee";
resultSet = state.executeQuery(querySQL);
List<Map<String, String>> mapList = new ArrayList<>();
while (resultSet.next()) {
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("ename", resultSet.getString("ename"));
map.put("edid", String.valueOf(resultSet.getInt("edid")));
mapList.add(map);
}
System.out.print(mapList.size());
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
try {
if (resultSet != null) {
resultSet.close();
}
if (state != null) {
state.close();
}
if (con != null) {
con.close();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
??查詢數(shù)據(jù)庫需要注意的地方就是:
執(zhí)行SQL語句的方法是
executeQuery(),只能執(zhí)行查詢語句。他有一個返回值ResultSet,然后循環(huán)這個Set對象,獲取數(shù)據(jù),他提供了一個移動光標(biāo)的方法
next(),當(dāng)他為null的時候,返回false,結(jié)束循環(huán)。還提供了一系列的get方法,傳表每一欄的下標(biāo)index,或者每一欄的名稱,獲取對應(yīng)的值。值的類型要與get的類型相同。值為int,就用getInt,值為String就用getString
最后記得關(guān)閉連接,倒著關(guān)閉。
PreparedStatement
??上面用自己拼接sql語句的方式查詢數(shù)據(jù)庫,會容易被sql攻擊。所以,我們需要用PreparedStatement來防止被sql攻擊,具體方式如下:
public boolean login(String username, String password) throws Exception {
Connection connection = null;
PreparedStatement pstat = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test4";
String user = "root";
String psw = "123";
connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, psw);
String sql = "select * from t_user where username=? and psw=?";
pstat = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
pstat.setString(1, username);
pstat.setString(2, password);
rs = pstat.executeQuery();
return rs.next();
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
if (rs != null) rs.close();
if (pstat != null) pstat.close();
if (connection != null) connection.close();
}
}
??如上,是一個登錄接口,傳用戶名,密碼給后臺,后臺查詢數(shù)據(jù)庫,我們在獲取了connection之后,通過connection調(diào)用prepareStatement方法,需要傳一個sql模板。
String sql = "select * from t_user where username=? and psw=?";
??什么是sql模板呢?就是吧需要動態(tài)傳的參數(shù)用問好代替。我們上面這個查詢語句,需要動態(tài)變化的就是username和psw。然后,我們調(diào)用PreparedStatement的setXxx方法,去設(shè)置值,第一個參數(shù)表示給第幾個值賦值,第二個參數(shù)就是需要賦值的值
//給第一個參數(shù)賦值為username
pstat.setString(1, username);
//給第二個參數(shù)賦值為password
pstat.setString(2, password);
大數(shù)據(jù)存儲
??這里以存mp3為例
CREATE TABLE t_binary(
id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
NAME VARCHAR(50),
DATA MEDIUMBLOB
)
??如上,首先創(chuàng)建一張表去存數(shù)據(jù),數(shù)據(jù)類型不要錯了,BLOB類型。
@Test
public void test1() throws SQLException, IOException {
Connection connection = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
String sql="INSERT INTO t_binary VALUE(?,?,?)";
PreparedStatement pstat = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
pstat.setInt(1,1);
pstat.setString(2,"KenT - 唱給誰聽.mp3");
byte[] bytes= IOUtils.toByteArray(new FileInputStream("D:/CloudMusic/KenT - 唱給誰聽.mp3"));
Blob blob=new SerialBlob(bytes);
pstat.setBlob(3,blob);
pstat.executeLargeUpdate();
}
??上面test1就是存的方法,步驟:
先連接數(shù)據(jù)庫,獲取Connection對象
然后,獲取PreparedStatement對象,設(shè)置參數(shù),其中blob參數(shù),Blob是一個接口,先獲取他的實(shí)現(xiàn)類SerialBlob,這個實(shí)現(xiàn)類的構(gòu)造方法需要傳一個byte[]數(shù)組,所以,我們只用把需要存儲的文件轉(zhuǎn)成byte[]數(shù)組就可以了
最后,執(zhí)行sql語句就可以了
這里需要注意的是,要在my.ini服務(wù)器配置文件中設(shè)置最大存儲
//這個大小大于你的存儲文件即可
max_allowed_packet=20M
??[mysqld]下邊的是服務(wù)器配置,[mysql]下邊的是客戶端配置
??接下來就是怎么取文件了
@Test
public void test2() throws SQLException, IOException {
Connection connection = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
String sql="SELECT * FROM t_binary WHERE name=?";
PreparedStatement pstat = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
pstat.setString(1,"KenT - 唱給誰聽.mp3");
ResultSet rs = pstat.executeQuery();
if (rs.next()){
Blob blob = rs.getBlob("data");
InputStream in = blob.getBinaryStream();
FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("D:/cgst.mp3");
IOUtils.copy(in,out);
}
}
??需要說的就是獲取到ResultSet之后,獲取到Blob,通過他的getBinaryStream()方法,轉(zhuǎn)成輸入流,拿到輸入流之后,轉(zhuǎn)成File即可
批處理
@Test
public void test6() throws SQLException {
Connection connection = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
String sql = "INSERT INTO t_user VALUE(?,?,?)";
PreparedStatement pstat = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
pstat.setInt(1, i + 1);
pstat.setString(2, "user" + i);
pstat.setString(3, i % 2 == 0 ? "男" : "女");
pstat.addBatch();
}
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
pstat.executeBatch();
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.print(end - start);
}
??注意點(diǎn):
- 每添加一條數(shù)據(jù),調(diào)用一遍pstat.addBatch();
- 當(dāng)數(shù)據(jù)添加完以后,調(diào)用pstat.executeBatch();執(zhí)行sql語句
- mysql要開啟批處理功能,不然慢到你無法想象。在獲取Connection傳的url后面,添加
rewriteBatchedStatements=true。完整urljdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test4?rewriteBatchedStatements=true