英譯漢
1. The importance of agriculture cannot be overstated.
農(nóng)業(yè)的重要性怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)都不為過。
農(nóng)業(yè)的重要性怎樣強(qiáng)調(diào)都不為過。
2. More than 50% of the world's labour force is employed in agriculture.
世界上50%以上的勞動力從事著農(nóng)業(yè)。
世界百分之五十以上的勞動力從事農(nóng)業(yè)。
【轉(zhuǎn)態(tài)譯法】被動語態(tài)is employed 要按照漢語的習(xí)慣譯為主動：從事。
3. The distribution in the early 1980s ranged from 67 percent of those employed in Africa to less than 5 percent in North America. In Western Europe, the figure was about 16 percent; in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, about 32 percent; and in Asia, about 68 percent.
在20世紀(jì)80年代早期，農(nóng)業(yè)勞動力的比率從北美的少于5%到非洲的67%不等。在西歐，農(nóng)業(yè)勞動力的比例大約是16%；東歐及蘇聯(lián)大約是32%；而在亞洲大約為68%。
二十世紀(jì)八十年代初，農(nóng)業(yè)勞動力的比例在非洲高達(dá)百分之六十七，在北美洲則不足百分之五，在西歐約為百分之十六，在東歐和蘇聯(lián)約為百分之三十二，在亞洲則約為百分之六十八。
英語中雖然是兩個(gè)句子，但漢語中表達(dá)都是勞動力在各地的比例，所以用一個(gè)句子來表達(dá)，更加簡潔、緊湊。
4. Farm size varies widely from region to region.
農(nóng)場的大小在地區(qū)之間也有很大不同。
農(nóng)場規(guī)模因地而異，差別很大。
size在這里連同farm譯成“農(nóng)場規(guī)?！备‘?dāng)。
本文還有一些表達(dá)“農(nóng)場”以及相關(guān)的用法，有些屬于固定詞組，需要內(nèi)化。
a single landholding 私人農(nóng)場
plantations 種植園，大莊園
sheep stations牧養(yǎng)場
livestock farm 畜牧場
individual subsistence farm （零散的維持生計(jì)的）個(gè)體農(nóng)場
small-family mixed-farm operations 混合經(jīng)營的小規(guī)模家庭農(nóng)場
5. Recently the average for Canadian farms was about 186 ha (about 460 acres) per farm, and for US farms, about 175 ha (about 432 acres).
近來加拿大農(nóng)場的平均大小約為每個(gè)農(nóng)場186公頃（約460英畝）；對于美國農(nóng)場來說，約為175公頃（約432英畝）。
直到最近，加拿大農(nóng)場的規(guī)模平均為186公頃（約合460英畝），美國農(nóng)場的規(guī)模約為175公頃（約合432英畝）。
6. The average size of a single landholding in the Philippines, however, may be somewhat less than 3.6 ha( less than 9 acres), and in Indonesia, a little less than 1.2 ha( less than 3 acres).
然而，在菲律賓，單一農(nóng)場的平均大小小于3.6公頃（約9英畝）；在印度尼西亞則略1.2公頃（小于3英畝）。
但在菲律賓，私人農(nóng)場的規(guī)模平均略少于3.6公頃（不足9英畝），在印度尼西亞則略少于1.2公頃（不足3英畝）。
7. Size also depends on the purpose of the farm.
農(nóng)場的規(guī)模也受限于農(nóng)場的目的。
農(nóng)場的規(guī)模還取決于其用途。
depend on：依靠，依賴。這里根據(jù)上下文譯成“取決于”。
the purpose of the farm：農(nóng)場的用途。
8. Commercial farming, or production for cash, is usually done on large landholdings.
商業(yè)種植，或者說以賺錢為目的的生產(chǎn)，通常建立在大的農(nóng)場上。
大農(nóng)場通常從事商業(yè)耕種，或者說為賺錢而生產(chǎn)。
9. The plantations of Latin America are large, privately owned estates worked by tenant labour.
拉丁美洲的是龐大的、私有的莊園式種植園，雇傭著長期勞動力。
拉丁美洲的大莊園就是大片的額私有土地，雇人勞動。
10. Single-crop plantations produce tea, rubber, cocoa.
單一作物的種植園生產(chǎn)茶葉、橡膠、可可。
單一作物的種植園生產(chǎn)茶葉、橡膠或可可。
11. Wheat farms are most efficient when they comprise some thousands of hectares and can be worked by teams of people and machines.
當(dāng)進(jìn)行團(tuán)隊(duì)式機(jī)械化作業(yè)、且農(nóng)場規(guī)模有數(shù)千公頃時(shí)，谷物農(nóng)場是最有效率的。
生產(chǎn)小麥的農(nóng)場最有效益。它們擁有幾千畝土地，雇傭一群群工人，并使用機(jī)器。
12. Australian sheep stations and other livestock farms must be large to provide grazing for thousands of animals.
澳大利亞的牧羊場以及其他家畜牧場必須是大規(guī)模的，這樣才能為數(shù)以千計(jì)的動物提供放牧場地。
澳大利亞的牧養(yǎng)場和其他畜牧場的規(guī)模一定要大到足以能為成千的牲畜提供重組的飼料。
13. Individual subsistence farms or small-family mixed-farm operations are decreasing in number in developed countries but are still numerous in the developing countries of Africa and Asia.
在發(fā)達(dá)國家，私有的用以維持生計(jì)的農(nóng)場或者小型家庭混合農(nóng)場正在減少，但在亞洲和非洲的發(fā)展中國家，它們?nèi)匀挥兄嫶蟮臄?shù)量。
零散的維持升級的個(gè)體牧場，或者說混合經(jīng)營的小規(guī)模家庭農(nóng)場，在發(fā)達(dá)國家已日漸減少，但在非洲和亞洲的發(fā)展中國家里仍大量存在。
14. A "back-to-the-land" movement in the US reversed the decline of small farms in New England and Alaska in the decade from 1970 to 1980.
從1970年到1980年，美國的一場“回歸大地”的運(yùn)動延緩了新英格蘭和阿拉斯加的小農(nóng)場的減速。
美國的“返回田地”運(yùn)動扭轉(zhuǎn)了1970年到180年這十年間新英格蘭和阿拉斯加小農(nóng)場衰敗的局面。
【換序譯法】decline后面有很長的修飾成分，在翻譯中采取斷句法將它拆開來翻譯，或用換序法把它的修飾成分移到所修飾詞的前面。這里采取第二種方法。
reversed the decline of ：扭轉(zhuǎn)了……的衰敗（局面）
15. The conditions that determine what will be raised in an area include climate, water supply, and the terrain.
決定一個(gè)地區(qū)應(yīng)該種植什么作物的因素包括氣候、水資源以及地形。
一個(gè)地區(qū)究竟生產(chǎn)什么取決于它的氣候、洪水、地形和其他條件。
16. Over the 10,000 years since agriculture began to be developed, people everywhere have discovered the food value of wild plants and animals and domesticated and bred them.
農(nóng)業(yè)開始發(fā)展的一萬年以來，各地的人們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了野生植物和動物的食用價(jià)值，并教化、蓄養(yǎng)了它們。
自有農(nóng)業(yè)以來的一萬多年中，各地的人們發(fā)現(xiàn)了野生動植物的食用價(jià)值，于是將其加以馴化或栽培。
17. The most important are cereals such as wheat, rice, barley, corn and rye.
最重要的是谷物，包括小麥、水稻、大麥、玉米和黑麥。
最重要的是谷物，如小麥、稻子、大麥、玉米和黑麥。
18. Agricultural income is also derived from non-food crops such as rubber, fiber plants, tobacco, and oilseeds used in synthetic chemical compounds.
農(nóng)業(yè)收入也來自非食用作物，如橡膠、纖維植物、煙草和用于人工化合物的含油種子。
農(nóng)業(yè)收入還來自非糧食作物，如橡膠、纖維植物、煙草以及可用于生產(chǎn)化學(xué)合成品的油料作物。
19. Money is also derived from raising animals for pelt.
此外，金錢也來自于動物養(yǎng)殖和動物皮毛。
此外，還可通過飼養(yǎng)動物取其皮毛而獲利。
20. Much of the foreign exchange earned by a country may be derived by a single commodity; for example, Sri Lanka depends on tea, Denmark specialises in dairy products, Australia in wool, and New Zealand and Argentina in meat products.
一國的外匯收入有很大一部分可能是來自于一種簡單的日用品。比如，斯里蘭卡依賴于茶葉、丹麥專業(yè)化生產(chǎn)日用產(chǎn)品，澳大利亞專業(yè)生產(chǎn)羊毛，新西蘭和阿根廷專業(yè)生產(chǎn)肉類產(chǎn)品。
一個(gè)國家爭取的外匯，很大一部分可能來自某種單一的商品。例如，斯里蘭卡依靠茶葉，丹麥專門經(jīng)營奶制品，澳大利亞出口羊毛，新西蘭和阿根廷則出口肉類制品。
dairy：奶制品
21. In the US, wheat has become a major foreign exchange commodity in recent years.
在美國，小麥近年已經(jīng)成為了一項(xiàng)主要的外匯商品。
在美國，近年來小麥已成為其賺取外匯的主要商品。
22. The importance of an individual country as an exporter of agricultural products depends on many variables.
作為農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)品出口方的國家的重要性來源于各個(gè)方面。
一個(gè)國家是否以出口農(nóng)產(chǎn)品為主取決于許多可變因素。
23. Among them is the possibility that the country is too little developed industrially to produce manufactured goods in sufficient quantity or technical sophistication.
其中一個(gè)便是這個(gè)國家在工業(yè)上的發(fā)展過于遲緩，以至于它不能高質(zhì)高效地生產(chǎn)手工產(chǎn)品或技術(shù)產(chǎn)品。
其中一個(gè)因素就是這個(gè)國家的工業(yè)可能很不發(fā)達(dá)，無法生產(chǎn)足夠數(shù)量和技術(shù)先進(jìn)的工業(yè)品。
too...to...結(jié)構(gòu)的翻譯：很……以至于……
24. Such agricultural exporters include Ghana with cocoa and Myanmar with rice.
這樣的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口國包括生產(chǎn)可可的加納和生產(chǎn)水稻的緬甸。
這類農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口國包括加納，出口可可；還有緬甸，出口大米。
25. On the other hand, an exceptionally well-developed country may produce surpluses not needed by its own population; this has been true of the US, Canada, and some of the West European countries.
另一方面，一個(gè)特別發(fā)達(dá)的國家可能有它自身人口不需要的生產(chǎn)剩余，比如說美國和加拿大，以及西歐的一些國家。
另一方面，特別發(fā)達(dá)的國家可能生產(chǎn)過剩，大于本國人的需求，美國、加拿大和一部分西歐國家就是這種情況。
漢譯英
1. 由于西藏處于“世界屋脊”，自然條件惡劣，也由于幾百年落后的封建農(nóng)奴制社會形成的各種社會歷史件的限制，西藏在全國還屬于不發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)。
Tibet, located on the "world's roof ridge", added the various historical limitation of being hundreds of years' of lagging feudal serfdom society, is in the undeveloped region within the country.
Tibet, located on the "roof of the world", is still an undeveloped area in China because of its harsh natural conditions and various social and historical restrictions formed by centuries ofbackwardfeudal serfdom.
2. 但是，50年的發(fā)展已經(jīng)極大地改變了其昔日落后的面貌，西藏人民生活質(zhì)量大大提高。
However, 50 years of developing have vastly changed the once poor and backward state and have enhanced people' living standard greatly.
However, the development of Tibet in the past fifty years has greatly changed itsfoamerpoor andbackwardlook, and Tibetan people's living standards have greatly improved.
3. 社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展極大地豐富了人民的物質(zhì)文化生活。
The development of the society has enriched people's material and cultural life.
Social and economic development has enriched the people's material and cultural life remarkably.
4. 2000年，西藏全區(qū)各族人民已基本拜托貧困，實(shí)現(xiàn)溫飽。部分群眾生活達(dá)到了小康水平。
In 2000, people all around Tibet have got rid of poverty on the whole, and have enough to eat and wear, some of which have reached the well-to-do level.
In 2000, people of various ethnic groups in Tibet basically shook offpoverty,and had enough to eat and wear. Some of them began to live a better-off life.
5. 隨著人民生活逐步富裕，冰箱、彩電、洗衣機(jī)、摩托車、手表等消費(fèi)品進(jìn)入了越來越多尋常百姓家。
As the people's life getting richer and richer, merchandises such as refrigerator, colorcast, washing machine, motorcycle and watch have come into more and more ordinary person's home.
Along with the improvement in the people's livelihood, consumer goods such as refrigerators,colorTV sets, washing machines, motorcycles and wristwatches have entered more and more ordinary homes.
6. 不少富裕起來的農(nóng)牧民蓋起了新房，有的還購買了汽車。
Many well-off farmers and herdsmen have built new houses, and some have even bought cars.
Manywell-offarmers and herdsmen have built new houses, some have even bought automobiles.
7. 西藏目前的人均居住面積處于全國首位。
Theeveragedwelling space in Tibet ranges the first in the country.
Currently, Tibet ranks first in per-capita housing in the country.
8. 廣播、電視、通信互聯(lián)網(wǎng)等現(xiàn)代信息傳遞手段已深入到人民群眾的日常生活。
Modern media of transferring information such as telecom, television, communication and internet have filtered into people's daily life.
Radio, television, telecommunications, the Internet and other modern information transmissions means are now part of daily life in Tibet By radio and TV.
9. 絕大多數(shù)地區(qū)的老百姓能夠通過收聽收看廣播、電視，了解全國和全世界各地的新聞。當(dāng)?shù)匕傩漳軌蛲ㄟ^電話、電報(bào)、傳真或互聯(lián)網(wǎng)等手段獲取信息資料，并與全國和全世界各地取得聯(lián)系。
People in most areas have access to the country's and the world's news by listening to the telecom and watching TV. Local people can get information and keep in touch with the country and the world by phone, by telecom, by fax or via the internet.
Local people can obtain information from and make contracts with other peoples of the country and the world through telephone, telegram, fax or the Internet.
10. 由于缺醫(yī)少藥狀況得到根本改變，人民群眾的健康水平大幅度提高。
Thanks to the essential change in the situation of a shortage of medical services and doctors, the health conditions of people have improved much.
The Tibetan people's health has also improved substantially because the situation featuring conduct of both doctors and medicine has changed fundamentally.
11. 西藏人均預(yù)期壽命由二十世紀(jì)五十年代的35.5歲增加到現(xiàn)在的67歲。
The average life expectancy has increased from the 35.5 years during the 1950s to 67 years nowadays.
The average life expectancy of the Tibetan people has increased fromthirty fivepointfive years in the nineteen fifties tosixty sevenyears presently.
