[經(jīng)濟學人]20190201-Venezuela:A chance, at last, for liberation

一句話點評:米國的絕戶計,太壞了


2019.11.10

Venezuela: A chance, at last, for liberation

Venezuela’s failed revolution may itself be overthrown

America’s intervention could topple the government of Nicolás Maduro

標題:委內(nèi)瑞拉:終于有了解放的機會

委內(nèi)瑞拉失敗的革命可能會被推翻

美國的干預(yù)可能會推翻尼古拉斯·馬杜羅(Nicolás Maduro)的政權(quán)

Jan 31st 2019 | CARACAS AND NEW YORK

THE OP-13 BUILDING at the entrance to the Catia shantytown in Caracas is an ugly red and grey edifice, built a decade ago by a Russian company. With such housing projects Hugo Chávez, the founder of Venezuela’s “Bolivarian revolution”, established himself as the benefactor of the poor. The polyurethane cladding suits Moscow, not the tropics. The windows are too small to admit much breeze. But people who live in Catia are grateful to the government. “It’s completely chavista here,” says Ayax Armas, a cook who lives opposite.

加拉加斯(Caracas,委瑞內(nèi)拉首都)卡蒂亞棚戶區(qū)(Catia shantytown)入口處的OP-13大樓是一座丑陋的紅灰相間的大廈,由一家俄羅斯公司在10年前建造。通過這些住房工程,委內(nèi)瑞拉“玻利瓦爾革命”的創(chuàng)始人烏戈?查韋斯(Hugo Chávez,委瑞內(nèi)拉前總統(tǒng))將自己打造成了窮人的恩人。聚氨酯覆層適合莫斯科,不適合熱帶地區(qū)。窗戶太小,風進不去。但是住在Catia的人們對政府心存感激。這里完全是查韋斯式的(chavista?不知道是什么語言,西班牙語?有點像西班牙語chovinista-沙文主義者),住在對面的廚師阿亞克斯·阿馬斯(Ayax Armas)說。

重點詞匯:

  • shantytown: n. 以臨時搭蓋的陋屋為主的地區(qū)
  • edifice:n. 大廈;大建筑物
  • benefactor: n. 恩人;捐助者;施主
  • cladding: n. 包層;電鍍;噴鍍
  • tropic: n. 回歸線;熱帶;天球的回歸線
    adj. 熱帶的;(天氣)濕熱的;向性的,親……的
    the tropics 熱帶地區(qū)
  • breeze:微風

Loyalty is reinforced by fear. Catia is controlled by pro-government colectivos, which are at once local intelligence-services, neighbourhood-watch groups and criminal gangs. Protests against the left-wing regime were almost unheard of. But anger is simmering. The oil boom, which paid for Chávez’s largesse, ended soon after he died in 2013. Under Nicolás Maduro, who took over from him, the economy has slumped and food has become scarce. Annual inflation is 1.7m per cent, according to the opposition-controlled legislature. “Who wouldn’t want to change this situation?” asks Carlos, who scavenges for fruit and vegetables in the rubbish, cleans them and resells them. More than 80% of Venezuelans want Mr Maduro out, according to Datanalisis, a polling firm.

恐懼強化忠誠。Catia(地區(qū))由親政府的colectivos控制,colectivos同時是地方情報機構(gòu)、鄰里監(jiān)督組織和犯罪團伙。反對左翼政權(quán)的抗議活動幾乎聞所未聞。但憤怒正在醞釀之中。石油繁榮為查韋斯(前總統(tǒng))的慷慨買了單,但在他2013年去世后不久就結(jié)束了。在尼古拉斯·馬杜羅(Nicolas Maduro)的領(lǐng)導下,委內(nèi)瑞拉經(jīng)濟下滑,食品短缺。根據(jù)反對黨控制的立法機構(gòu)(的數(shù)據(jù)),年通貨膨脹率為170萬%(這個完全不知道怎么翻譯,不知道通貨膨脹率是不是那個范圍,查的2018年數(shù)據(jù)是652.67% )?!罢l不想改變這種情況呢?”卡洛斯說到,他是一個拾荒者在垃圾中尋找水果和蔬菜,清洗后再轉(zhuǎn)賣。根據(jù)民調(diào)公司Datanalisis的數(shù)據(jù),超過80%的委內(nèi)瑞拉人希望馬杜羅下臺。

重點詞匯:

  • pro-government : 親政府的

  • regime : n. 政權(quán),政體;社會制度;管理體制

  • simmer :n. 燉;即將沸騰的狀態(tài)

    v. 燉,煨;(水或食物)慢慢沸騰;內(nèi)心充滿(憤怒),醞釀;即將爆發(fā)

  • largesse : n. 慷慨的贈與;慷慨贈與物(等于largess)

  • slump :v. (價格、數(shù)量等)驟降;重重地坐下(或倒下);慘敗;(肩或腦袋)耷拉著

    n. (價格、數(shù)量等的)猛然嚴重下降;經(jīng)濟不景氣時期;低潮期

  • scarce :adj. 缺乏的,不足的;稀有的;adv. 僅僅;幾乎不;幾乎沒有

  • legislature : n. 立法機關(guān);立法機構(gòu)

  • scavenge :vt. 打掃;排除廢氣;以…為食;vi. 清除污物;打掃

隨便說兩句:

前總統(tǒng)確實享受了高油價帶來的福利,不管是發(fā)展短視也好,還是高壓統(tǒng)治也罷,總之不需要英美這些嚶嚶怪在這里說三道四,要不是委瑞內(nèi)拉有礦還是自家后花園,他們有這么上心嗎?搞定委瑞內(nèi)拉就是為了搞石油,控制了石油就穩(wěn)固了美元的金融地位,天下沒有免費的午餐,雖然不了解真正委瑞內(nèi)拉的情況,但從宏觀戰(zhàn)略上看,這個所謂的臨時總統(tǒng)不是個傀儡就是個攪屎棍,即使他得到了政權(quán),底層老百姓也不會好過,為了自己的權(quán)力把國家資產(chǎn)賣給西方這不是竊國是什么?國家一定要自己硬起來,不然真的是風雨飄搖?。Ρ任饍?nèi)拉,我感覺我們好幸福啊。

Just before midnight on January 22nd Catia erupted. Residents of OP13 streamed out, set fire to rubbish that had been piling up for weeks and banged pots and pans. “This government is about to fall,” they chanted. After two decades of socialist rule that descended into ever-greater repression and economic mismanagement, they may just be right.

就在1月22日午夜之前,Catia街區(qū)爆發(fā)了。OP13的居民涌了出來,把堆積了幾個星期的垃圾付之一炬,還敲打著鍋碗瓢盆。 “這個政府就要垮臺了,”他們高呼。 在經(jīng)歷了20年的社會主義統(tǒng)治之后,這種統(tǒng)治逐漸演變?yōu)楦蟮膲浩群徒?jīng)濟管理不善,他們(居民)可能是正確的。

重點詞匯:

  • pot : n. 壺;盆;罐
  • pan : n. 平底鍋;盤狀的器皿;淘盤子,金盤,秤盤
  • be about to :將要

隨便說兩句:

為什么看到OP13我就想到了海賊王,捂臉。所以說張養(yǎng)浩牛逼嘛,一句“亡百姓苦,亡百姓苦”述說了太多,老百姓確實慘,不過有時候卻為自身的苦難澆上一壺油,沒有約束的情況下,人性邪惡就會顯露出來,打砸搶燒才不是革命,西方有時候真的是雙標,這種事情放到米國,cop早就拔槍了,不過大趨勢下原本善良的民眾也會被感染裹挾,所以《烏合之眾》真的是一本神書。

當然,我說這么多也是站在說話不嫌腰疼,唯一慶幸的是自己成長在一個和平強大的國家中。

Since Catia’s rebellion events have moved at a dizzying pace. On January 23rd Juan Guaidó, a young, little-known politician who had been head of Venezuela’s legislature for just 18 days, proclaimed himself the country’s acting president before a cheering crowd in Caracas. He declared the presidency vacant on the grounds that Mr Maduro’s re-election last May was a fraud. In those circumstances, the constitution gives the presidency to the head of the legislature until fresh elections can be held.

自從Catia出現(xiàn)叛亂事件后,整個事態(tài)以令人眩暈的速度演化著。1月23日,在加拉加斯一群歡呼的群眾面前,一位年輕的、名不見傳的政治家胡安?瓜伊多宣布自己為委內(nèi)瑞拉代總統(tǒng),而他擔任委內(nèi)瑞拉立法機關(guān)的負責人僅18天。他宣布總統(tǒng)職位空缺,理由是馬杜羅去年5月的連任是一場騙局。在這種情況下,憲法規(guī)定,在舉行新的選舉之前,總統(tǒng)由立法機關(guān)的負責人擔任。

重點詞匯:

  • vacant : adj. 空虛的;空的;空缺的;空閑的;茫然的
  • on the grounds that ... : conj. 由于(根據(jù))
  • presidency : n. 總統(tǒng)(或董事長、會長、大學校長等)的職位(任期);管轄;支配

隨便說兩句:

1月22號發(fā)生暴亂,1月23號就搞這么一出,我真的很懷疑,歷史上的慣用手法。

Along with more than 1m protesters across Venezuela that day, the United States, Canada and almost all large Latin American countries recognised Mr Guaidó. Britain, France, Germany and Spain said they would follow if Mr Maduro doesn’t call a free election within days.

那天,委內(nèi)瑞拉各地有100多萬抗議者,美國、加拿大和幾乎所有拉美大國都承認了瓜伊多(為代總統(tǒng))。英國、法國、德國和西班牙表示,如果馬杜羅不在幾天內(nèi)宣布舉行自由選舉,他們將跟隨這些國家(承認瓜伊多)。

隨便說兩句:

效率真高啊,呵呵。

President Donald Trump has moved to make Mr Guaidó’s claim a reality. On January 28th America imposed its toughest sanctions yet on Venezuela’s regime. It froze the American accounts and assets of PDVSA, the national oil monopoly, and said that it will divert the proceeds of further sales into an account that will be accessible only after PDVSA comes under the control of Mr Guaidó or an elected government. This cuts off the regime from its main source of cash. Already it has defaulted on most of its debt and is short of money to buy the loyalty of the armed forces, maintain oil production and import enough to feed 32m Venezuelans. The new sanctions will make all that even harder.

川普已經(jīng)采取行動讓瓜伊多的聲明成為現(xiàn)實。1月28日,美國對委內(nèi)瑞拉政權(quán)實施了迄今為止最嚴厲的制裁。它凍結(jié)了委內(nèi)瑞拉國家石油壟斷企業(yè)(PDVSA)在美國的賬戶和資產(chǎn),并表示將接著把銷售收入轉(zhuǎn)入一個賬戶,PDVSA只有在在瓜伊多政府或民選政府的控制下才能進入該賬戶。這切斷了該政權(quán)的主要現(xiàn)金來源。委內(nèi)瑞拉已經(jīng)拖欠了大部分債務(wù),而且缺乏資金來收買軍隊的忠誠,維持石油生產(chǎn),并進口足夠的糧食來養(yǎng)活3200萬委內(nèi)瑞拉人。這個新的制裁將使這一切變得更加困難。

重點詞匯:

  • monopoly : n. 壟斷;壟斷者;專賣權(quán)

  • proceed :vi. 開始;繼續(xù)進行;發(fā)生;行進; n. 收入,獲利

  • default :n. 違約,拖欠;系統(tǒng)默認值;常規(guī)做法;缺席

    v. 不履行,拖欠,違約;默認,預(yù)設(shè);(計算機等)自動轉(zhuǎn)到(默認值);因未到場而取消……參賽資格;(未)不到場;不參加(比賽等);對……處以缺席裁判

隨便說兩句:

這說明提出一個替代美元進行全球貿(mào)易交易的貨幣是多么迫切和重要的一件事!老美真的是...不要臉,這招釜底抽薪真的可怕。

Venezuela thus finds itself part of a trial of strength. A peaceful transition to a democratic, economically literate government could restore normality to what was once one of the region’s richest countries (see article). Equally, the Trump-Guaidó gambit might lead to conflict between armed groups or simply fail, leaving the regime more dominant than ever. In that case, millions more Venezuelans would join the 3m who have already fled, mostly to neighbouring countries such as Colombia. American prestige, wagered on ousting Mr Maduro, would suffer, too.

因此,委內(nèi)瑞拉發(fā)現(xiàn)自己是力量考驗的一部分。和平過渡到一個民主的、有經(jīng)濟頭腦的政府可以使這個曾經(jīng)是該地區(qū)最富裕國家之一的國家恢復(fù)正常。同樣,特朗普和瓜伊多之間的策略可能會導致武裝組織之間的沖突,或者干脆失敗,讓政權(quán)比以往任何時候都更具統(tǒng)治力。在這種情況下,數(shù)百萬委內(nèi)瑞拉人將加入已經(jīng)逃離的300萬委內(nèi)瑞拉人的行列,其中大部分逃到了哥倫比亞等鄰國。押注于驅(qū)逐馬杜羅的美國聲望也會受損。

重點詞匯:

  • literate :n. 學者;adj. 受過教育的;精通文學的
  • normality : n. 常態(tài);[化學] 當量濃度;[化學] 規(guī)定濃度
  • Equally: adv. 同樣地;相等地,平等地;公平地
  • gambit : n. 話題;開始;以取得優(yōu)勢的開局棋法;開場白
  • flee :vt. 逃跑,逃走;逃避;vi. 逃走;消失,消散
  • prestige :n. 威望,聲望;聲譽;adj. 令人敬仰的;受尊重的;貴重的
  • wager :n. 賭注;賭博;賭物;vi. 打賭;vt. 下賭注
  • oust : vt. 驅(qū)逐;剝奪;取代

隨便說兩句:

所以寫這文章的人已經(jīng)私下把這個瓜伊多將組建政府看做是一個民主的,有經(jīng)濟頭腦的政府了。講道理,我覺得這個瓜已經(jīng)可以算是大逆不道了,對內(nèi)算是反叛分裂國家,對外算是西方傀儡的“委奸”,在不管在哪個國家那個朝代都是要殺頭的啊。不過成王敗寇+輿論造勢,歷史誰有能說清楚呢?無非是屁股坐在哪個位置上而已。

Mr Maduro has resisted growing opposition since 2013, when poverty began to rise (see chart). As Venezuelans turned against him, his power came to depend on a patronage network of enchufados, or “plugged-in people”, especially in the security forces. He has appointed over 2,000 officers to the rank of general or equivalent. The army runs companies in as many as 20 industries, including an insurer, a rubber manufacturer and a television channel, according to Crónica Uno, a newspaper.

自2013年貧困人口開始增加以來,馬杜羅一直抵制日益增長的反對勢力(見圖表)。當委內(nèi)瑞拉人轉(zhuǎn)而反對他時,他的權(quán)力開始依賴于一個由enchufados(即“plugged-in people” 不知道怎么翻譯,意思應(yīng)該很容易理解)組成的贊助網(wǎng)絡(luò)(這個不知道怎么翻譯),尤其是在安全部隊。他任命了2000多名將軍或同等軍銜的軍官。據(jù)Cronica Uno報紙報道,軍隊經(jīng)營著多達20個行業(yè)的公司,包括一家保險公司、一家橡膠制造商和一個電視頻道。

重點詞匯:

  • patronage :n. 贊助;光顧;任免權(quán)

隨便說兩句:

不知道怎么說,蒼蠅不叮無縫蛋,委瑞內(nèi)拉自身也有問題,又有那么多資源,匹夫無罪懷璧其罪,沒有強大的力量保護自己,就會被別國蹂躪,雖然人類社會已經(jīng)這么文明了,可惜國家與國家之間還是叢林法則。

IMG20191108093900.png

The armed forces collar scarce dollars at an artificially cheap rate and sell them to dollar-starved companies at a much dearer one. The national guard smuggles petrol, weapons, food, gold and diamonds, according to Margarita López Maya of Universidad Central de Venezuela, citing investigations by American authorities. After Mr Guaidó’s proclamation, all of the country’s top brass pledged support to Mr Maduro.

軍方以人為壓低的匯率把稀缺的美元套牢,然后以高得多的價格賣給急需美元的企業(yè)。委內(nèi)瑞拉中央大學的瑪格麗塔·洛佩斯·瑪雅(Margarita Lopez Maya)稱(援引美國當局的調(diào)查),國民警衛(wèi)隊走私汽油、武器、食品、黃金和鉆石。瓜伊多發(fā)表聲明后,委內(nèi)瑞拉所有高級官員都承諾支持馬杜羅。

重點詞匯:

  • collar :n. 衣領(lǐng);頸圈;vt. 抓??;給…上領(lǐng)子;給…套上頸圈
  • starved : adj. 饑餓的;饑腸轆轆的
  • smuggle :vt. 走私;偷運;vi. 走私,私運;偷帶
  • petrol : n. (英)汽油
  • top brass : 高級軍官;要員;頂部軸襯;( n. 黃銅;黃銅制品;銅管樂器;厚臉皮 )
  • pledge :n. 保證,誓言;抵押;抵押品,典當物;vt. 保證,許諾;用……抵押;舉杯祝……健康

隨便說兩句:

就如蘇聯(lián)解體一樣,許多高官搖身一變成為大資本家和經(jīng)濟寡頭,國有資產(chǎn)被涌入的西方資本家瓜分,最慘的還是那些老百姓,可憐啊。

They have stomped on dissent. At the protests in Catia the colectivos were first on the scene, followed by the dreaded FAES, an elite police force (“colectivos with a licence”, Mr Armas calls them). “We are not going to let anyone fuck with us,” said one colectivo leader in Catia after the fracas. Repression took place across the country on the next day. Some 700 people were detained, a record number for one day, according to Foro Penal, a human-rights group. Thirty-five people were killed.

他們踐踏持不同政見者。在Catia的抗議活動中,colectivo首先出現(xiàn),接著是令人畏懼的FAES,這是一個精英警察部隊(Armas先生稱之為“有執(zhí)照的colectivo”)。 “我們不會讓任何人愚弄我們,”爭吵過后,Catia的一位colectivo領(lǐng)導人說。 第二天,全國各地都發(fā)生了鎮(zhèn)壓行動。據(jù)人權(quán)組織Foro criminal稱,約有700人被拘留,創(chuàng)下單日拘留人數(shù)的紀錄。35人死亡。

重點詞匯:

  • stomp :n. 跺腳,重踩;頓足爵士舞;vt. 跺腳,重踩;踐踏
  • dissent :n. (意見的)不一致;不服從裁判;異議聲明;v. 不同意;對國教(或東正教教義)不遵循
  • followed by :vt. 然后,隨后;續(xù)集
  • fracas : n. 吵鬧;喧噪
  • detain : vt. 拘留;留?。坏R

隨便說兩句:

怎么說呢?如果做出了選擇,就得付出代價,盲目的從眾只會被有心之人利用,可憐之人必有可恨之處。但是我又有什么資格說這些呢?穩(wěn)定是一切的保障,亂了最終還是百姓遭殃。

But the oppressors are also unhappy. Despite the money to be made from corruption, the crisis affects the armed forces as it does the rest of society, says Rocío San Miguel, a Caracas-based military analyst. The salary of a major in the national guard is 36,000 bolívares a month, worth less than $15. “That is not enough for two days’ worth of food for a family of four,” says Ms San Miguel.

但壓迫者也不快樂。一位駐加拉加斯的軍事分析家Rocio San Miguel說,盡管從腐敗中可以賺到錢,但這場危機對武裝部隊的影響和對整個社會的影響一樣大。國民警衛(wèi)隊一名少校的月薪為36,000玻利瓦爾,不到15美元。San Miguel女士表示,這還不夠一個四口之家兩天的食物。

重點詞匯:

  • major : 這里是陸軍少校
  • oppressor : n. 壓制者,壓迫者
  • corruption : n. 貪污,腐敗;墮落

隨便說兩句:

我們?nèi)ノ饍?nèi)拉是不是都是百萬富翁...

Growing disgruntlement in the security forces increases the importance of the several hundred Cuban counter-intelligence agents (supplied in return for cheap oil) who also prop up Mr Maduro’s rule. They tap Venezuelan phones to monitor dissent as well as looking after the president’s personal security, says a western intelligence source. He adds that Mr Maduro gets an intelligence briefing every morning from two Cuban officers. The most intense snooping is on the police and armed forces—anyone with a gun, says Ms San Miguel.

安全部隊中日益增長的不滿情緒增加了數(shù)百名古巴反情報人員(換取廉價石油)的重要性,他們也支持馬杜羅的統(tǒng)治。一名西方情報人士稱,他們(古巴反情報人員)監(jiān)聽委內(nèi)瑞拉的電話,監(jiān)控不同政見,并負責總統(tǒng)的個人安全。他補充說,馬杜羅每天早上都會聽取兩名古巴官員的情報簡報。San Miguel女士說,最嚴密的監(jiān)視是警察和武裝部隊——任何有槍的人。

重點詞匯:

  • disgruntlement : 不滿
  • prop up :支持,支撐
  • tap : 這里指“竊聽”和“監(jiān)聽”
  • snoop :v. 窺探,調(diào)查,打探;n. 窺探者,私家偵探;窺探

隨便說兩句:

爆出棱鏡門的米國和西方好意思說人家,母豬別嫌烏鴉黑,誰能比誰干凈?

The regime has disrupted several coup attempts. Around 100 senior officers are in prison, including several who were close to Chávez and who served Mr Maduro as ministers. Troop commanders have been shuffled frequently to prevent them from building close relations with their soldiers, according to Caracas Chronicles Political Risk Report, a newsletter.

該管理體制已挫敗了幾次政變企圖。大約100名高級官員被關(guān)在監(jiān)獄里,其中包括幾名與查韋斯(前總統(tǒng))關(guān)系密切、曾擔任馬杜羅部長的官員。根據(jù)《加拉加斯編年史政治風險報告》(Caracas Chronicles Political Risk Report,一個時事通訊)的報道,部隊指揮官經(jīng)常被調(diào)動,以防止他們與士兵建立親密關(guān)系。

重點詞匯:

  • coup :n. 政變;妙計;出乎意料的行動;砰然的一擊;vt. 使…顛倒;使…傾斜;vi. 推倒;傾斜;溢出
  • shuffle :n. 洗牌;拖著腳走,曳行;曳步舞,曳步動作;改組;慢切分節(jié)奏;隨機播放裝置;v. 拖著腳走;把腳動來動去;坐立不安;洗牌;把……變換位置;調(diào)動;搪塞
  • newsletter : n. 時事通訊

隨便說兩句:

根據(jù)這個材料來看,馬杜羅的統(tǒng)治確實風雨飄搖啊,任用外國反情報人員管理監(jiān)視本國的,這個真的是無法想象(當然只是根據(jù)這篇報道,雖然我只是看個熱鬧,不過也要帶著腦子看,不能別人說風就是雨)

Even before the latest sanctions, the regime was running out of money to keep the generals happy. Production by PDVSA, which has been mismanaged for years, was expected to fall to less than 1m barrels a day in 2019, its lowest level since the 1940s. If sold at world prices, that should bring in about $20bn for the year, except that 45% of the oil goes directly to China and Russia to repay debt, according to Siobhan Morden of Nomura, an investment bank. Cash from oil sales goes mainly to pay other claimants and to pay Venezuela’s import bill. Less than $250m would be left to spend on patronage. That is less than the wage bill for Manchester City’s footballers. Venezuela would have to dip further into its dwindling foreign-exchange reserves.

甚至在最新的制裁之前,該政權(quán)就已經(jīng)沒有錢讓將軍們高興了。多年來管理不善的PDVSA,預(yù)計到2019年的日產(chǎn)量將降至不足100萬桶,為上世紀40年代以來的最低水平。根據(jù)野村證券(一家投資銀行)的Siobhan Morden的說法,如果以世界價格出售,除了45%的石油直接流入中國和俄羅斯償還債務(wù)外,這一年應(yīng)該能帶來200億美元的收入。來自石油銷售的現(xiàn)金主要用來支付其他索賠人和委內(nèi)瑞拉的進口賬單。剩下的不到2.5億美元將用于贊助(這個應(yīng)該是前文提到的那個組織)。這比曼城球員的工資還少。委內(nèi)瑞拉將不得不進一步動用其不斷減少的外匯儲備。

重點詞匯:

  • claimant : n. 原告;[貿(mào)易] 索賠人;提出要求者
  • wage :工資
  • dip :v. 浸,蘸;(使)下降,下沉,減少;(把手、工具)伸入(袋子、容器);扒竊;動用(資金);瀏覽(書籍);(給牲畜)洗藥浴;制作(蠟燭);給某人施洗禮;(道路、地面)向下傾斜;放下,下移;(把汽車前燈)調(diào)為近光
    n. 浸,蘸;短暫的水浴或游泳;(暫時的)減少,下降;調(diào)味醬,蘸醬;凹陷處,低洼處;瀏覽,翻閱;藥浴液;舀取的量;(上坡前的)短暫下坡,(上升前的)短暫下落;傾角,視傾斜;扒手
  • dwindle :vi. 減少;變?。?vt. 使縮小,使減少

隨便說兩句:

這個嘲諷有點慘啊,這在赤裸裸的說資本主義國家有多牛逼。

With the new sanctions, money will be even tighter. They freeze PDVSA’s 7bn of assets in America, which include three oil refineries, and will reduce revenue from oil exports by more than11bn, says the Trump administration. PDVSA might find other buyers, perhaps in Asia, but is likely to earn less because transport costs will be higher. Almost as painful is the ban on the sale of diluents to PDVSA, without which its thick oil will not flow through pipes.

隨著新的制裁,資金將更加緊張。特朗普政府表示,他們凍結(jié)了PDVSA在美國價值70億美元的資產(chǎn),其中包括3家煉油廠,并將減少超過110億美元的石油出口收入。PDVSA可能會找到其他買家,或許是在亞洲,但由于運輸成本將會更高,收入可能會更少。幾乎同樣痛苦的是禁止向PDVSA出售稀釋劑,否則其稠油(thick oil)將無法通過管道。

重點詞匯:

  • refinery : n. 精煉廠;提煉廠;冶煉廠
  • ban :n. 禁止,禁令,禁忌;剝奪公民權(quán)的判決;詛咒;巴尼(羅馬尼亞貨幣單位);v. 禁止,取締;(官方)把(某人)逐出某地

隨便說兩句:

所以繞開美元進行貿(mào)易結(jié)算是多么勢在必行的事情啊。

These measures will accelerate Venezuela’s economic collapse. GDP will shrink by 26% this year, bringing the total decline since Mr Maduro took office to 60%, estimates Francisco Rodríguez of Torino Capital, an investment bank. Bond prices suggest that the markets put the odds of Mr Maduro’s ousting at 50-90%.

這些措施將加速委內(nèi)瑞拉的經(jīng)濟崩潰。投資銀行Torino Capital的弗朗西斯科?羅德里格斯(Francisco Rodriguez)估計,今年國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值(GDP)將縮水26%,自馬杜羅上臺以來的總降幅將達到60%。債券價格顯示,市場認為馬杜羅下臺的幾率為50%至90%。

隨便說兩句:

所以說,你要人家下臺,就是先搞垮人家的經(jīng)濟?當然西方的理論是不這樣做,他就賴著不走,那么反問一句,這么做是置千千萬萬委內(nèi)瑞拉人民的利益于何地?這就是西方倡導的民主自由?一群吃著人血饅頭的壞胚!

Mr Guaidó and Mr Trump are betting that hardship will topple the regime before it starves the Venezuelan people. The opposition is striving to persuade the armed forces to switch allegiance. The national assembly passed a law offering amnesty for those who help “build democracy”. Volunteers distributed pamphlets laying out the terms at army bases (some soldiers burned them). To members of the regime too discredited to be part of any democratic government, including Mr Maduro, the opposition is offering passage to a comfortable retirement, perhaps in Cuba.

瓜伊多和特朗普賭的是,在委內(nèi)瑞拉人民挨餓之前,這些困難將推翻現(xiàn)政權(quán)。反對派正努力說服武裝部隊改換陣營。國民議會通過了一項法律,可以赦免那些幫助建立“民主”的人。志愿者們在各軍事基地散發(fā)小冊子,列出這些條款(一些士兵將其燒毀)。對于馬杜羅在內(nèi)的現(xiàn)政權(quán)成員來說,他們不值得信任,無法成為任何民主政府的成員,而反對派則向他們提供了一條通往舒適退休生活的道路,也許是在古巴。

重點詞匯:

  • topple :vt. 推翻;顛覆;使倒塌;vi. 傾倒;倒塌;搖搖欲墜

  • allegiance : n. 效忠,忠誠;忠貞

  • amnesty :n. 大赦,特赦;vt. 對…實行大赦

  • discredited :adj. 不足信的;不名譽的;
    v. 敗壞(或破壞)…的名聲;破壞對…的信任(discredit的過去分詞)

隨便說兩句:

好計謀,好手段。歷史上這種事發(fā)生的太多了,瓜伊多出賣人民,特朗普落井下石,兩個狼狽為奸,“貓吃老鼠,盤軟了再吃”,馬杜羅他們?nèi)绻帕怂麄兊目陬^承諾,就等著以后生不如死吧,雖然歷史上勝者為王,可以不擇手段,但是作為一個人來講,我太反感瓜伊多這種人了。

He is not ready to be pensioned off. He has called for support from China and Russia. On January 26th their UN ambassadors rebuked America for interfering. Both countries have big financial stakes in Venezuela. China, which has extended a total of $60bn in loans over the past 20 years, is its biggest creditor. And Russia has lent $17bn to oil projects and to finance arms sales.

他(馬杜羅)還沒有準備好退休。他已經(jīng)請求中國和俄羅斯的支持。1月26日,他們的聯(lián)合國大使譴責美國的干涉。這兩個國家在委內(nèi)瑞拉都有巨大的經(jīng)濟利益。中國是其最大的債權(quán)人。過去20年,中國總共發(fā)放了600億美元貸款。此外,俄羅斯還向石油項目和軍售提供了170億美元貸款。

重點詞匯:

  • stake :n. 樁,棍子;賭注;火刑;獎金;vt. 資助,支持;系…于樁上;把…押下打賭;vi. 打賭
    這里指的是“利益”
  • pension :n. 退休金,撫恤金;津貼;膳宿費;vt. 發(fā)給養(yǎng)老金或撫恤金

China, which takes a hard-headed view of Venezuela, has promised little new money. It is to Russia’s authoritarian leader, Vladimir Putin, that Mr Maduro has turned. Mr Putin sees Venezuela as a stage for his confrontation with America. Sergei Lavrov, Russia’s foreign minister, said his government will do all it can to support the Venezuelan president. Unconfirmed reports say that 400 men from Wagner, a military company owned by an associate of Mr Putin, flew to Venezuela, perhaps to protect Mr Maduro from his own officers.

對委內(nèi)瑞拉采取冷靜態(tài)度的中國幾乎沒有承諾提供新的資金。馬杜羅轉(zhuǎn)向的是俄羅斯的威權(quán)領(lǐng)導人弗拉基米爾?普京(Vladimir Putin)。普京將委內(nèi)瑞拉視為他與美國對抗的舞臺。俄羅斯外長謝爾蓋?拉夫羅夫(Sergei Lavrov)表示,俄羅斯政府將盡其所能支持委內(nèi)瑞拉總統(tǒng)。未經(jīng)證實的報道稱,普京的一名助手擁有的一家名為Wagner的軍事公司的400人已飛往委內(nèi)瑞拉,可能是為了保護馬杜羅不受自己軍官的傷害。

重點詞匯:

  • hard-headed : adj. 頭腦冷靜的

隨便說兩句:

普京大帝還是暴脾氣,不過也側(cè)面反映出中國的強大,我是這么理解的,因為就像打架一樣吼嗓門的不一定厲害,最吊的是那些人狠話不多的,哈哈哈。只要不侵犯我國利益,愛咋咋,我們也樂得韜光養(yǎng)晦,智慧啊。

It is hard to see Russia committing troops or much treasure to keeping Mr Maduro in power. But Mr Putin would profit from other outcomes, too. Violence would demonstrate the risk of allowing a mob to subvert an established leader. An American military intervention could be cited as evidence that America shares Mr Putin’s belief in great powers’ spheres of influence.

很難看到俄羅斯派出軍隊或投入大量財力來維持馬杜羅的權(quán)力。但普京也會從其他結(jié)果中獲益。暴力會顯示出允許暴民顛覆既定領(lǐng)導人的風險。美國的軍事干預(yù)可以作為證據(jù),證明美國與普京一樣相信大國勢力范圍。

重點詞匯:

  • subvert : vt. 顛覆;推翻;破壞
  • commit :vt. 犯罪,做錯事;把...交托給;指派…作戰(zhàn);使…承擔義務(wù);
    commit troops,派遣軍隊(作戰(zhàn))[沒想到commit還有這種用法]

隨便說兩句:

弱國無外交啊,都是大國博弈的棋子,還好我們強大了。

Without Chinese or Russian cash, Mr Maduro will have to rule on emergency rations. That can work for a while. As people become poorer, the cost of patronage falls. Voters who once expected a flat now accept a box of food. But the forces working to topple Mr Maduro are getting stronger while those holding him up are weakening. For Venezuela’s sake and his own, he should take early retirement.

沒有中國或俄羅斯的資金,馬杜羅將不得不實行緊急定量配給。這可能會持續(xù)一段時間。隨著人們變得更窮,贊助的成本下降了(這一句真的不知道如何解釋)。曾經(jīng)期待一套房子的選民現(xiàn)在更愿意接受一盒食物。但是試圖推翻馬杜羅的力量越來越強大,而支持他的力量正在減弱。為了委內(nèi)瑞拉和他自己,他應(yīng)該提前退休。

重點詞匯:

  • ration :v. 配給;定量供應(yīng);限定……的量;n. 定量;口糧;配給量;正常量;一定數(shù)量;應(yīng)得份額

隨便說兩句:

就一句話,美國太壞了,都是他造的孽!

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