概述
網(wǎng)關(guān)為我們管理api接口提供的主要功能
- 管理api接口
- 適配協(xié)議
- 安全認(rèn)證
- 轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)路由
- 限制流量
- 監(jiān)控日志
- 防止爬蟲(chóng)
- 灰度發(fā)布
- 服務(wù)聚合
不建議使用zuul1作為線(xiàn)上網(wǎng)關(guān)使用,大家可以使用zuul2或者是spring-cloud-gateway作為微服務(wù)的網(wǎng)關(guān)
假如你使用zuul2作為網(wǎng)關(guān)的話(huà),zuul1可以學(xué)習(xí)使用,其實(shí)基本功能類(lèi)似,只是在底層改為netty去轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)http請(qǐng)求
zuul1提供的功能
zuul的核心功能是過(guò)濾器,通過(guò)過(guò)濾器實(shí)現(xiàn)
- 動(dòng)態(tài)路由
- 請(qǐng)求監(jiān)控
- 認(rèn)證鑒權(quán)
- 壓力測(cè)試
- 灰度發(fā)布
坑一
- 注意zuul1和springboot的版本適配問(wèn)題(zuul后面已經(jīng)被spring-cloud干掉了,不在支持集成使用)
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Finchley.SR2</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
基礎(chǔ)的重定向,從path重定向到url
spring.application.name=zuul-gateway-static
server.port=9011
server.address=127.0.0.1
debug=true
management.endpoints.web.exposure.include=*
management.endpoint.health.show-details=ALWAYS
zuul.routes.test1.path=/abc/**
zuul.routes.test1.url=http://www.example.com/
zuul.routes.localpath.path=/a/**
zuul.routes.localpath.url=forward:/a
zuul.routes.userinfo.path=/user/**
zuul.routes.userinfo.service-id=zuul-user
zuul.routes.userinfo.stripPrefix=false
zuul.routes.userinfo.sensitive-headers=true
zuul.routes.userinfo.customSensitiveHeaders=true
zuul.retryable=true
ribbon.okhttp.enabled=true
eureka.instance.ip-address=127.0.0.1
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://tom:123456@localhost:9010/eureka/
eureka.instance.preferIpAddress=true
eureka.instance.instance-id=${spring.application.name}:${server.address}:${server.port}
eureka.client.healthcheck.enabled=true
eureka.instance.lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds=20
eureka.instance.lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds=15
logging.config=classpath:logback.xml
查看所有routers的配置
- 訪(fǎng)問(wèn)服務(wù):
- http://localhost:9011/abc/123
- 基礎(chǔ)的匹配
zuul.routes.test1.path=/abc/**
zuul.routes.test1.url=http://www.example.com/
- 本地跳轉(zhuǎn)zuul.routes.localpath.path=/a/**
zuul.routes.localpath.url=forward:/a - 使用eureka的匹配
- http://localhost:9011/user/1234
zuul.routes.userinfo.path=/user/**
zuul.routes.userinfo.service-id=zuul-user
zuul.routes.userinfo.stripPrefix=false
zuul.routes.userinfo.sensitive-headers=true
zuul.routes.userinfo.customSensitiveHeaders=true
- 自定義過(guò)濾器
- pre 請(qǐng)求被路由之前調(diào)用
- route 請(qǐng)求路由時(shí)調(diào)用
- post 在route和error過(guò)濾器之后調(diào)用
- error 在請(qǐng)求發(fā)生錯(cuò)誤時(shí)調(diào)用
代碼路徑:
https://github.com/beckbikang/spring-cloud/tree/main/kzuul
實(shí)現(xiàn)動(dòng)態(tài)路由的網(wǎng)關(guān)才是真正可用的網(wǎng)關(guān)
- 先上代碼,基于redis存儲(chǔ)了配置信息
- 繼承SimpleRouteLocator類(lèi)和實(shí)現(xiàn)了RefreshableRouteLocator接口
最最核心的代碼了,如果需要實(shí)現(xiàn)動(dòng)態(tài)路由,可以基于這個(gè)去改造了
package cn.beckbi.route;
import cn.beckbi.route.entity.ZuulEntity;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.TypeReference;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.RefreshableRouteLocator;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.Route;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.SimpleRouteLocator;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.ZuulProperties;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate;
import java.util.*;
/**
* @program: spring-cloud
* @description:
* @author: bikang
* @create: 2022-08-14 13:04
*/
public class DynamicRouteLocator extends SimpleRouteLocator implements RefreshableRouteLocator {
private static final String ZUUL_EKY = "LOCAL_ZUUL_RULES_REDIS_KEY";
private ZuulProperties zuulProperties;
public static String getRouteKey() {
return ZUUL_EKY;
}
@Autowired
StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate;
public DynamicRouteLocator(String servletPath, ZuulProperties properties) {
super(servletPath, properties);
this.zuulProperties = properties;
}
@Override
public void refresh() {
doRefresh();
}
@Override
protected Map<String, ZuulProperties.ZuulRoute> locateRoutes() {
Map<String, ZuulProperties.ZuulRoute> routesMap = new LinkedHashMap(20);
zuulProperties.getRoutes().clear();
routesMap.putAll(super.locateRoutes());
routesMap.putAll(locateRoutesFromRedis());
zuulProperties.getRoutes().putAll(routesMap);
return routesMap;
}
private Map<? extends String, ? extends ZuulProperties.ZuulRoute> locateRoutesFromRedis() {
LinkedHashMap routesMap = new LinkedHashMap();
String routeData = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get(ZUUL_EKY);
List<ZuulEntity> zuulEntityList = JSONObject.parseObject(routeData, new TypeReference<List<ZuulEntity>>(){});
for (ZuulEntity zuulEntity: zuulEntityList){
routesMap.put(zuulEntity.getPath(),new ZuulProperties.ZuulRoute(
zuulEntity.getId(),
zuulEntity.getPath(),
zuulEntity.getServiceId(),
zuulEntity.getUrl(),
zuulEntity.isStripPrefix(),
zuulEntity.getRetryable(),
new LinkedHashSet(1)));
}
return routesMap;
}
@Override
public Collection<String> getIgnoredPaths() {
return super.getIgnoredPaths();
}
@Override
public List<Route> getRoutes() {
return super.getRoutes();
}
@Override
public Route getMatchingRoute(String path) {
return super.getMatchingRoute(path);
}
}
刷新路由
直接轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)
基于eureka的路由
具體代碼可以看這個(gè):