學(xué)生做英語閱讀時(shí)往往很怕遇到生詞。但遇到生詞又是很普遍的，第一是有些文章的主題就是介紹新事物，而這個(gè)新事物是學(xué)生未曾接觸過的，自然感到陌生；第二是學(xué)生平時(shí)掌握的基本是熟詞熟義，而有些文章涉及到了熟詞生義；第三是學(xué)生在背高考范圍內(nèi)的3500詞時(shí)掌握不夠扎實(shí)。
生詞如此普遍，高考英語也有對(duì)應(yīng)的猜詞題。那么，就要考慮如何通過各種技巧來攻克猜詞題，甚至把這些猜詞技巧推廣到其它生詞。
猜詞題可以劃分為兩大類，實(shí)詞和虛詞。實(shí)詞包含幾個(gè)小類，分別是單詞、短語、句子（短句為主）。虛詞通常為代詞。
本文主要介紹單詞類。這也是過往幾年考頻最高的小類。
2019年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試1卷閱讀理解B篇第25題
如下：
What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Improper pauses.
B. Bad manners.
C. Spelling mistakes.
D. Silly jokes.
題干問第2段的stumbles這個(gè)詞的含義。對(duì)應(yīng)原文第2段如下：
But he’s, nervous.“I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…”Chris trips on the“-ld,”a. pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher ,Thomas Whaley ,is next to him, whispering support.“…Vote for …me …”Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion ,Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
從原文可知Chris在說話時(shí)是斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的?！俺艘恍﹕tumbles，Chris總體表現(xiàn)很好?！币虼丝芍猻tubles便是描述口頭表達(dá)時(shí)這種斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的狀態(tài)。對(duì)應(yīng)各個(gè)選項(xiàng)，A項(xiàng)“不恰當(dāng)?shù)耐ｎD”是最為符合的。
2018年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試1卷閱讀理解C篇第29題
如下：
Which of the following best explains"dominant " underlined in paragraph 2？
A.Complex.? ?
B. Advanced.
C.Powerful.? ?
D.Modem.
題干問的是第2段中dominant這個(gè)詞的含義。對(duì)應(yīng)原文第2段如下：
Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centres, trade,industrialisation. the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education. Especially glbalisation and better communications in the past few decades,all have caused many Languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English．Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
從原文可知隨著全球化的發(fā)展、人類交流的緊密，許多語言消失了。而dominant語言例如英語、西班牙語和中文快速接管。那么這些語言的特征是什么呢？由上下文可推斷出，既然有些語言因使用人數(shù)少而消失，而這些語言能接管，意味著使用人數(shù)多，背后母國實(shí)力強(qiáng)大。那么選項(xiàng)中那些詞能傳達(dá)這層含義呢？complex復(fù)雜的，advanced先進(jìn)的，powerful有力的，modern現(xiàn)代的。整篇文章只涉及語言的使用人數(shù)多少影響了語言的生命力，不在于語言本身是否復(fù)雜、先進(jìn)，而且這些語言歷史悠久，也不屬于“現(xiàn)代的”。只有“powerful有力的”可以體現(xiàn)出因語言使用人數(shù)多帶來的生命力旺盛。
2018年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試2卷閱讀理解B篇第26題
如下：
What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?
A. A dessert.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
B. A drink.
C. A container.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
D. A machine.
題干問的是最后一段a juicer是什么。原文最后一段如下：
If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.
從原文可知這個(gè)juicer可以用來加工水果，且原文出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)表達(dá)是into the top of the machine由此可知這個(gè)juicer就是machine機(jī)器。因此選D。
2017年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試3卷閱讀理解C篇第29題
如下：
What does the underlined word “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean?
A.Tested.
B.Separated.
C.Forced out.
D.Tracked down.
題干問了第2段的displaced的含義。原文第2段如下：
Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.
這篇文章講的是黃石公園重建生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，使灰狼的數(shù)量回升的過程。此段則是講了早期生態(tài)系統(tǒng)受破壞、動(dòng)物數(shù)量銳減的管事。此段提到，它們逐步被人類發(fā)展所displaced，截止1920年，灰狼幾乎已從黃石區(qū)域消失。這說明人類發(fā)展侵占了灰狼的生存空間，換言之即灰狼被驅(qū)逐。上述四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中C符合。
同時(shí)，此題亦可以用構(gòu)詞法來判斷。place可以動(dòng)詞“放置”，dis作前綴表示貶義或否定。那么綜合起來大約就是“錯(cuò)誤放置”或者“不再放置”，扣緊原文引申為替換、驅(qū)逐等義。
最后來一道練習(xí)題
大家可以在留言區(qū)寫下答案哦！
2016年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試1卷閱讀理解C篇第29題如下：
Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph1?
A provider? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
B delivery man
C collector? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
D medical doctor
原文第1段
I am Peter Hodes ,a volunteer stem courier. Since? March 2012, I've done 89 trips of those , 51 have been abroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem cells（干細(xì)胞）in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last, in all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐獻(xiàn)者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we’ve got 72 hours at most, So I am always conscious of time.
