一、任務(wù)要求
商家的后臺管理系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)新訂單提醒推送功能,利用Spring Boot + WebSocket實時消息推送的方式進行實現(xiàn)。
二、實現(xiàn)代碼
WebSocket是基于事件(事件源、事件監(jiān)聽類&處理)方式實現(xiàn)的通訊操作,所以在實現(xiàn)中需要創(chuàng)建有一個專屬的WebSocket處理類,而后分別定義連接處理方法(使用@OnOpen注解),通訊處理方法(使用@OnMessage注解),錯誤處理方法(@OnError注解)以及關(guān)閉處理方法(@OnClose注解),這樣當(dāng)用戶請求發(fā)送后就可以根據(jù)不同的請求狀態(tài)進行處理。
2.1 前端html代碼
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>WebSocket</title>
</head>
<body>
<input id="url" type="text" size="60" value="ws://localhost:8080/web_socket/order_notification/M666666" />
<button onclick="openWebSocket()">打開WebSocket連接</button>
<button onclick="closeWebSocket()">關(guān)閉WebSocket連接</button>
<div id="message"></div>
</body>
<script type="text/javascript">
var websocket = null;
function openWebSocket() {
var url = document.getElementById('url').value.trim();
//判斷當(dāng)前瀏覽器是否支持WebSocket
if ('WebSocket' in window) {
websocket = new WebSocket(url);
} else {
alert('當(dāng)前瀏覽器 Not support websocket')
}
//連接發(fā)生錯誤的回調(diào)方法
websocket.onerror = function() {
setMessageInnerHTML("WebSocket連接發(fā)生錯誤");
};
//連接成功建立的回調(diào)方法
websocket.onopen = function() {
setMessageInnerHTML("WebSocket連接成功");
}
//接收到消息的回調(diào)方法
websocket.onmessage = function(event) {
setMessageInnerHTML(event.data);
}
//連接關(guān)閉的回調(diào)方法
websocket.onclose = function() {
setMessageInnerHTML("WebSocket連接關(guān)閉");
}
}
//監(jiān)聽窗口關(guān)閉事件,當(dāng)窗口關(guān)閉時,主動去關(guān)閉websocket連接,防止連接還沒斷開就關(guān)閉窗口,server端會拋異常。
window.onbeforeunload = function() {
closeWebSocket();
}
//將消息顯示在網(wǎng)頁上
function setMessageInnerHTML(innerHTML) {
document.getElementById('message').innerHTML += innerHTML + '<br/>';
}
//關(guān)閉WebSocket連接
function closeWebSocket() {
websocket.close();
}
</script>
</html>
2.2 服務(wù)端代碼
引入依賴,我使用的是SpringBoot版本2.2.6.RELEASE,自動管理依賴版本
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-websocket</artifactId>
</dependency>
配置類WebSocketConfig,掃描并注冊帶有@ServerEndpoint注解的所有websocket服務(wù)端
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.socket.server.standard.ServerEndpointExporter;
/**
* @author Alan Chen
* @description 開啟WebSocket支持
* @date 2020-04-08
*/
@Configuration
public class WebSocketConfig {
@Bean
public ServerEndpointExporter serverEndpointExporter() {
return new ServerEndpointExporter();
}
}
新建WebSocketServer類,WebSocket服務(wù)端是多例的,一次WebSocket連接對應(yīng)一個實例
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import javax.websocket.*;
import javax.websocket.server.PathParam;
import javax.websocket.server.ServerEndpoint;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
/**
* @author Alan Chen
* @description 訂單通知
* @date 2020-04-08
*/
@Component
@ServerEndpoint("/web_socket/order_notification/{merchantId}")
public class OrderNotificationWebSocket {
static final ConcurrentHashMap<String, List<WebSocketClient>> webSocketClientMap= new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
/**
* 連接建立成功時觸發(fā),綁定參數(shù)
* @param session 與某個客戶端的連接會話,需要通過它來給客戶端發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)
* @param merchantId 商戶ID
*/
@OnOpen
public void onOpen(Session session,@PathParam("merchantId") String merchantId){
WebSocketClient client = new WebSocketClient();
client.setSession(session);
client.setUri(session.getRequestURI().toString());
List<WebSocketClient> webSocketClientList = webSocketClientMap.get(merchantId);
if(webSocketClientList == null){
webSocketClientList = new ArrayList<>();
}
webSocketClientList.add(client);
webSocketClientMap.put(merchantId, webSocketClientList);
}
/**
* 連接關(guān)閉時觸發(fā),注意不能向客戶端發(fā)送消息了
* @param merchantId
*/
@OnClose
public void onClose(@PathParam("merchantId") String merchantId){
webSocketClientMap.remove(merchantId);
}
/**
* 通信發(fā)生錯誤時觸發(fā)
* @param session
* @param error
*/
@OnError
public void onError(Session session, Throwable error) {
System.out.println("發(fā)生錯誤");
error.printStackTrace();
}
/**
* 向客戶端發(fā)送消息
* @param merchantId
* @param message
*/
public static void sendMessage(String merchantId,String message){
try {
List<WebSocketClient> webSocketClientList = webSocketClientMap.get(merchantId);
if(webSocketClientList!=null){
for(WebSocketClient webSocketServer:webSocketClientList){
webSocketServer.getSession().getBasicRemote().sendText(message);
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage());
}
}
}
輔助類
import lombok.Data;
import javax.websocket.Session;
/**
* @author Alan Chen
* @description WebSocket客戶端連接
* @date 2020-04-08
*/
@Data
public class WebSocketClient {
// 與某個客戶端的連接會話,需要通過它來給客戶端發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)
private Session session;
//連接的uri
private String uri;
}
新建一個測試類,用于向客戶端發(fā)送推送消息
import com.yh.supermarket.manage.websocket.OrderNotificationWebSocket;
import io.swagger.annotations.Api;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
/**
* @author Alan Chen
* @description
* @date 2020-04-08
*/
@Api(tags = "WebSocket-test")
@RestController("notification")
public class OrderNotificationWebSocketController {
@ApiOperation("通知test")
@GetMapping
public void test(@RequestParam String merchantId){
OrderNotificationWebSocket.sendMessage(merchantId,"有新訂單啦");
}
}
三、推送消息測試
1、 啟動服務(wù)器程序,提供WebSocket服務(wù)。
2 、打開前端html客戶端頁面,連接WebSocket服務(wù)器。

連接WebSocket服務(wù)器
3、向客戶端發(fā)送推送消息

向客戶端發(fā)送推送消息
4、客戶端收到新訂單推送消息

客戶端收到新訂單推送消息
四、Nginx部署支持WebSocket的配置
當(dāng)我們在本地開采用WebSocket用IP連接時是OK的,例如
ws://39.108.*.186:8002/web_socket/order_notification/123
當(dāng)我們上線后,用Nginx部署,并用域名連接時就會失敗。此時只需要在Nginx配置文件里加入一些配置即可。配置如下
server{
listen 80;
server_name test.com www.test.com;
# 訪問WebSocket
location /web_socket{
proxy_pass http://47.*.27.1:8002;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
#啟用支持websocket連接
proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
}
}
.....
參考文章
Websocket實時推送消息