我
健康
Lala2018-09-10
Lala
職業(yè)雙語(yǔ)播音員
資深英語(yǔ)內(nèi)容架構(gòu)師
今日導(dǎo)讀
“適量飲酒有益健康”的說(shuō)法深入人心，也是支撐很多人“喝酒養(yǎng)生”的信念。在中國(guó)流傳著的喝酒可以活血化瘀、美容、甚至長(zhǎng)壽等關(guān)于喝酒好處的傳言并無(wú)科學(xué)依據(jù)。少量喝酒可能降低心臟病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，是過(guò)去醫(yī)學(xué)上承認(rèn)的喝酒唯一的健康好處，但是新的研究證明這種好處是以前研究的偏差造成，目前已被推翻。而現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)證明：即使是少量飲酒，不但沒(méi)有一點(diǎn)健康好處，相反還會(huì)增加患癌癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。今天的新聞來(lái)自《衛(wèi)報(bào)》，作者基于這一研究提出了自己的見解，我們一起來(lái)看看吧。
帶著問(wèn)題聽講解之前，先勸您喝諾麗酵素防癌準(zhǔn)靠譜!
Q1: 你能從今天的學(xué)習(xí)中總結(jié)出幾個(gè)形容詞表示“龐大的”？
Q2: “the trade-off between cancer and heart disease”指的是什么？
Q3: 用自己的話總結(jié)一下喝酒的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。
新聞?wù)?br>
The Guardian view on alcohol: drinking less is good for you
《衛(wèi)報(bào)》對(duì)酒精的看法：少喝酒對(duì)你有好處
Alcohol is physically bad for you in any quantity; and the more you drink, the worse its health effects. The gigantic report on the subject published last week is unequivocal and authoritative. The report was based on enormous amounts of data: 28 million people around the world were examined in 592 studies to estimate the health risks.
任何程度的酒精對(duì)你的身體都是有害的，而且你喝得越多，對(duì)健康的傷害就越大。在上周，一份明確且權(quán)威的重量級(jí)報(bào)告被發(fā)表，該報(bào)告基于巨型數(shù)據(jù)：有 592 項(xiàng)研究對(duì)全球 2800 萬(wàn)人進(jìn)行了調(diào)查，以評(píng)估喝酒的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
The variety of ways in which alcohol can kill or damage people comes as a shock. It is the trade-off between cancer and heart disease which leads the researchers to reject the notion that moderate drinking has health benefits compared with abstinence: they find that the increased risk of cancers outweighs the diminished risk of heart disease among middle-aged moderate drinkers.
飲酒致死和傷身的方式十分廣泛，令人震驚。正因?yàn)楹染剖谷藗兠媾R在癌癥和心臟病之間二者擇一的“妥協(xié)”狀態(tài)，所以研究人員否定了，與完全戒酒相比，適度飲酒有利于健康的觀點(diǎn)：他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在適度飲酒的中年人中，患心臟病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)雖降低了，但患癌癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大大增加了。
Perhaps the most startling single finding is that two-thirds of the world’s population don’t drink at all. They manage without a drug apparently essential to civilised life in the west. The question is whether those of us in the other third should try to emulate them.
也許最令人吃驚的一個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)是世界上三分之二的人口根本不喝酒。這一味似乎對(duì)西方世界的文明生活來(lái)說(shuō)至關(guān)重要的“藥”，他們完全不需要就能過(guò)好一生。問(wèn)題是，如我們的其他三分之一是否應(yīng)該效仿他們。
Alcohol is bad for judgment and can promote a destructive solipsism. But it can also stimulate imagination, courage and friendship in a way that is hard to achieve otherwise. There is a reason why wine is tightly linked to paradise in religious poetry. A world without drink might find itself poorer as well as richer.
酒精不利于判斷，會(huì)助長(zhǎng)有破壞性的唯我論。但酒精也以一種獨(dú)一無(wú)二的方式，激發(fā)人們的想象力，勇氣和友誼。在宗教詩(shī)歌中，酒與天堂緊密相連是有原因的。一個(gè)不喝酒的世界，可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在變得更貧瘠，也更有生命力。
The report is right that many people should drink less than they do. Perhaps the real benefit of moderate drinking is not that it protects the heart, but that it requires a little self-discipline.
這個(gè)報(bào)告是正確的，許多人應(yīng)該少喝酒。也許適度飲酒的真正好處不在于它保護(hù)心臟，而在于它培養(yǎng)你的自律。
—————? 文章來(lái)源 / 衛(wèi)報(bào)
重點(diǎn)詞匯
the more...the more...
越...越...
e.g.
The more you learn, the more you want to learn.?
The busier he is, the happier he feels.?
gigantic /d?a??ɡ?nt?k/
adj. 龐大的；巨大的
e.g.
gigantic tree?
giant tree
unequivocal /??n??kw?v?kl/
adj. 表達(dá)明確的；毫不含糊的
e.g.
equivocal answer
unequivocal support
authoritative/??θ??r?te?t?v/
adj. 權(quán)威的；可靠的
e.g.
authoritative information
come as
以…身份（出現(xiàn)）
e.g.
It comes as a surprise.
shock/?ɑ?k/
n. 震驚
e.g.
The news comes as a shock to me. (n.)
The news shocks me. (v.)
trade-off
n. 妥協(xié)；權(quán)衡
moderate /?mɑ?d?r?t/
adj. 適度的；溫和的
e.g.
Weather conditions have moderated. (v.)
abstinence/??bst?n?ns/
n. 節(jié)制；戒絕
e.g.
abstinence from alcohol
abstinence from sex
outweigh /?a?t?we?/
v. 比…更重要；重于；大于
e.g.
outnumber；outlive
The advantages outweigh disadvantages.
diminished/d??m?n??t/
adj. 減少的
e.g.
These memories will not be diminished by time. (v.)
startling /?stɑ?rtl??/
adj. 驚人的
e.g.
Her voice startled me. (v.)
civilised /?s?v?la?zd/
adj. 文明的
emulate /?emjule?t/
v. 模仿；效仿
e.g.
She hopes to emulate her sister's achievements.
destructive /d??str?kt?v/
adj. 破壞性的；有害的
e.g.
the destructive power of nuclear weapons
solipsism/?sɑ?l?ps?z?m/
n. 唯我論
self-discipline /?self ?d?s?pl?n/
n. 自律
拓展內(nèi)容
It is 強(qiáng)調(diào)句和主語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別
強(qiáng)調(diào)句將句子中的 it is/was…that 同時(shí)省去,句子仍然成立；而主語(yǔ)從句將 that 與后面部分代替形式主語(yǔ) it，句子仍然成立。舉例：
(1) It was Li Lei's brother that you met in the street yesterday. 你昨天在街上所見到的就是李雷的兄弟。
本句若將 It was 及 that 同時(shí)省去為：You met Li Lei's brother in the street yesterday. 句子同樣成立，因此這是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。
(2) It is important that teachers respect their students. 老師尊重學(xué)生這件事情很重要。
本句若將 It is 及 that 同時(shí)省去為：Important teachers respect their students. 顯然句子錯(cuò)誤；但若將 that 與后面部分代替形式主語(yǔ) it，則為：That teachers respect their students is important. 句子成立，因此這是主語(yǔ)從句。
酒精相關(guān)癌癥
2007 年，世界癌癥研究基金會(huì)以確鑿的證據(jù)證明飲酒是造成男性口腔癌的確定性原因。此外，酒精很可能是導(dǎo)致肝細(xì)胞癌和結(jié)腸直腸癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加的原因。同時(shí)，飲酒與肺癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加之間也存在密切相關(guān)性。
2015 年，世界癌癥研究基金會(huì)將酒精與肝細(xì)胞癌之間的關(guān)系升級(jí)為可信服的證據(jù)確定的因果關(guān)系。2016 年的一份薈萃分析報(bào)告表明，2012 年全球所有新發(fā)癌癥中的 5.5％和所有癌癥死亡人數(shù)的 5.8％歸因于喝酒，意味著喝酒是世界范圍內(nèi)一個(gè)重要的致癌因素。
世界衛(wèi)生組織下屬的國(guó)際癌癥研究機(jī)構(gòu)（IARC）已將酒精分類為一級(jí)致癌物。同時(shí)綜合各方證據(jù)認(rèn)為酒精是導(dǎo)致口腔癌、咽癌、喉癌、食管癌、結(jié)直腸癌、肝細(xì)胞癌和女性乳腺癌的原因。這七個(gè)部位的癌癥也被合稱酒精相關(guān)癌癥。隨著研究的深入，酒精相關(guān)癌癥的名單可能還會(huì)不斷加長(zhǎng)。
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