要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建一個(gè)generator,有很多種方法。第一種方法很簡(jiǎn)單,只要把一個(gè)列表生成式的[]改成(),就創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)generator:
>>> L = [x * x for x in range(10)]
>>> L
[0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]
>>> g = (x * x for x in range(10))
>>> g
<generator object <genexpr> at 0x1022ef630>
第二種方法,要把fib函數(shù)變成generator,只需要把print(b)改為yield b就可以了:
def fib(max):
n, a, b = 0, 0, 1
while n < max:
yield b
a, b = b, a + b
n = n + 1
return 'done'
如果一個(gè)函數(shù)定義中包含yield關(guān)鍵字,那么這個(gè)函數(shù)就不再是一個(gè)普通函數(shù),而是一個(gè)generator:
>>> f = fib(6)
>>> f
<generator object fib at 0x104feaaa0>
但是用for循環(huán)調(diào)用generator時(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)拿不到generator的return語(yǔ)句的返回值。如果想要拿到返回值,必須捕獲StopIteration錯(cuò)誤,返回值包含在StopIteration的value中:
>>> g = fib(6)
>>> while True:
... try:
... x = next(g)
... print('g:', x)
... except StopIteration as e:
... print('Generator return value:', e.value)
... break
...
g: 1
g: 1
g: 2
g: 3
g: 5
g: 8
Generator return value: done