面向?qū)ο蠛瘮?shù)

封裝：

class Role(object):
    n='123'#類參數(shù)：大家都有的屬性，節(jié)省內(nèi)存
    def __init__(self, name, role, weapon, life_value=100, money=15000):#構(gòu)造函數(shù)
        self.name = name#實(shí)例參數(shù)，（靜態(tài)屬性）
        self.role = role
        self.weapon = weapon
        self.__life_value = life_value#私有屬性：類外面不可調(diào)用
        self.money = money

    def __del__(self):#析構(gòu)函數(shù)：在實(shí)例釋放、銷毀的時(shí)候自動(dòng)執(zhí)行的，通常用于一些收尾工作，如關(guān)閉一些數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接、關(guān)閉打開的臨時(shí)文件等
        print('%s 徹底死了！'%self.name)

    def shot(self):#類方法 功能（動(dòng)態(tài)屬性）
        print("shooting...")

    def got_shot(self):
        print("ah...,I got shot...")

    def __buy_gun(self, gun_name):#私有方法：外面不可調(diào)用
        print("just bought %s" % gun_name)


r1 = Role('Alex', 'police', 'AK47') #生成一個(gè)角色
r1.n='haha'
print('r1:',r1.n)
r2 = Role('Jack', 'terrorist', 'B22')  #生成一個(gè)角色
print('r2:',r2.n)
Role.n='abc'
print('類參數(shù)改后：r1:%s;r2:%s'%(r1.n,r2.n))

繼承：

#class Peple(object):#新式類
class Peple:#經(jīng)典類
    def __init__(self,name):
        self.name=name
        self.friend=[]
    def sleep(self):
        print('%s sleep...'%self.name)

    def eat(self):
        print('%s eat...'%self.name)

class Relation(object):
    def make_friends(self,obj):
        print('%s make friends with %s'%(self.name,obj.name))
        self.friend.append(obj)#傳的是對(duì)象內(nèi)存，而不是值
class Man(Peple,Relation):#多繼承
    def __init__(self,name,age):#添加實(shí)例參數(shù)
        # Peple.__init__(self,name)#經(jīng)典類
        super(Man,self).__init__(name)#新式類
        self.age=age
        print('%s age:%s'%(self.name,self.age))
    def work(self):
        print('%s work...'%self.name)

    def make_monkey(self):#調(diào)用父類函數(shù)
        Peple.sleep(self)
        print('%s make_money...'%self.name)

class Woman(Peple):#繼承Peple
    def shopping(self):
        print('%s shopping...'%self.name)

m=Man('haha',3)
m.eat()
m.make_monkey()
w=Woman('enen')
w.shopping()
m.make_friends(w)
w.name='yoyo'
print(m.friend[0].name)

繼承實(shí)例（多繼承）:經(jīng)典類和新式類都是統(tǒng)一按廣度優(yōu)先來(lái)繼承的

class School(object):
    def __init__(self,name,addr):
        self.name=name
        self.addr=addr
        self.student=[]
        self.staff=[]

    def enroll(self,stu_obj):
        print('%s enroll student[%s]'%(self.name,stu_obj.name))
        self.student.append(stu_obj)

    def hire(self,staff_obj):
        print('%s hire staff[%s]'%(self.name,staff_obj.name))
        self.staff.append(staff_obj)

class SchoolMenber(object):
    def __init__(self,name,age,sex):
        self.name=name
        self.age=age
        self.sex=sex

    def tell(self):
        print('[%s] is telling... '%self.name)

class Teacher(SchoolMenber):
    def __init__(self,name,age,sex,salary,course):
        super(Teacher,self).__init__(name,age,sex)
        self.salary=salary
        self.course=course

    def tell(self):
        print('''
        info of Teacher[%s]
        TeacherName:%s
        TeacherAge:%s
        TeacherSex:%s
        TeacherSalary:%s
        TeacherCourse:%s
        '''%(self.name,self.name,self.age,self.sex,self.salary,self.course))

    def teach(self):
        print('teacher [%s] teach course[%s]'%(self.name,self.course))

class Student(SchoolMenber):
    def __init__(self,name,age,sex,stu_id,grade):
        super(Student,self).__init__(name,age,sex)
        self.stu_id=stu_id
        self.grade=grade

    def tell(self):
        print('''
        info of Student[%s]
        StudentName:%s
        StudentAge:%s
        StudentSex:%s
        StudentStu_id:%s
        StudentGrade:%s
        ''' % (self.name, self.name, self.age, self.sex, self.stu_id, self.grade))

    def pay_tuition(self,amount):
        print('student[%s] has pay_tuition $[%s]'%(self.name,amount))

school=School('川化','青白江')
t1=Teacher('YoYo',35,'F',5000,'Python')
t2=Teacher('QQ',40,'M',8000,'go')

s1=Student('haha',15,'F',25,'Python')
s2=Student('enen',19,'M',31,'go')

t1.tell()
#輸出：
'''
        info of Teacher[YoYo]
        TeacherName:YoYo
        TeacherAge:35
        TeacherSex:F
        TeacherSalary:5000
        TeacherCourse:Python
'''
s1.tell()
#輸出：
'''
        info of Student[haha]
        StudentName:haha
        StudentAge:15
        StudentSex:F
        StudentStu_id:25
        StudentGrade:Python
'''
school.enroll(s1)
#輸出：川化 enroll student[haha]
school.enroll(s2)
#輸出：川化 enroll student[enen]
school.hire(t1)
#輸出：川化 hire staff[YoYo]
school.hire(t2)
#輸出：川化 hire staff[QQ]

school.student[0].pay_tuition(500)
#輸出：student[haha] has pay_tuition $[500]
print(school.staff)
#輸出：[<__main__.Teacher object at 0x00000000027FAE80>, <__main__.Teacher object at 0x00000000027FAEB8>]

for staff in school.staff:
    staff.teach()
#輸出：
'''
teacher [YoYo] teach course[Python]
teacher [QQ] teach course[go]
'''

多態(tài)：實(shí)現(xiàn)接口重用

class Animal(object):
    def __init__(self,name):
        self.name=name

    @staticmethod
    def animal_talk(obj):
        obj.talk()

class Dog(Animal):
    def talk(self):
        print('wang wang')

class Cat(Animal):
    def talk(self):
        print('miao miao')

d=Dog('haha')
d.talk()
#輸出：wang wang
c=Cat('enen')
c.talk()
#輸出：miao miao
Animal.animal_talk(d)
#輸出：wang wang
Animal.animal_talk(c)
#輸出：miao miao

靜態(tài)方法、類方法、屬性方法

class Person(object):
    n='enen'
    def __init__(self,name):
        self.name=name

    @staticmethod
    def eat(food):
        #靜態(tài)方法已經(jīng)和類沒有關(guān)系了
        #只是名義上歸類管理，實(shí)際上在靜態(tài)方法里訪問不了類或?qū)嵗械娜魏螌傩?        print('eat %s'%food)

    @property#屬性方法就是把一個(gè)方法變成一個(gè)靜態(tài)屬性
    def sleep(self):
        print('%s is sleeping...'%self.name)

    @sleep.setter
    def sleep(self,new_name):
        print('%s change to %s'%(self.name,new_name))
        self.name=new_name

    @sleep.deleter
    def sleep(self):
        print('delete sleep...')

    @classmethod
    def talk(self,talking):
        #類方法只能訪問類變量，不能訪問實(shí)例變量
        print('%s talk "%s"'%(self.n,talking))

person=Person('haha')
person.eat('包子')
person.talk('hhhhhhh')
person.sleep='yoyo'
person.sleep
del person.sleep#觸發(fā) @sleep.deleter
#輸出：
'''eat 包子
enen talk "hhhhhhh"
haha change to yoyo
yoyo is sleeping...
delete sleep...
yoyo is sleeping...
'''

類的特殊成員方法

__doc__:表示類的描述信息

class Fo(object):
    '''描述類信息'''

    def func(self):
        pass

print(Fo.__doc__)
#輸出：描述類信息

__module__ 和 __class__
__module__表示當(dāng)前操作的對(duì)象在那個(gè)模塊
__class__表示當(dāng)前操作的對(duì)象的類是什么

class C:
    def __init__(self):
        self.name = 'wupeiqi'

from lib.aa import C
obj = C()
print obj.__module__  # 輸出 lib.aa，即：輸出模塊
print obj.__class__      # 輸出 lib.aa.C，即：輸出類

__call__對(duì)象后面加括號(hào)，觸發(fā)執(zhí)行

class Foo:
    def __init__(self):
        pass
    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        print ('running...',args,kwargs)
 
obj = Foo() # 執(zhí)行 __init__
obj()       # 執(zhí)行 __call__

__dict__查看類或?qū)ο笾械乃谐蓡T
__str__如果一個(gè)類中定義了__str__方法，那么在打印對(duì)象時(shí)，默認(rèn)輸出該方法的返回值

class Fo(object):
    n='enen'
    def __init__(self,name):
        self.name=name
    def func(self):
        pass
    def __str__(self):
        return 'obj：%s'%self.name
print(Fo.__dict__)#打印類里的所有屬性，不包括實(shí)例對(duì)象
#輸出：{'__module__': '__main__', 'n': 'enen', '__init__': <function Fo.__init__ at 0x00000000021EA950>, 'func': <function Fo.func at 0x00000000021EA8C8>, '__call__': <function Fo.__call__ at 0x00000000021EAC80>, '__dict__': <attribute '__dict__' of 'Fo' objects>, '__weakref__': <attribute '__weakref__' of 'Fo' objects>, '__doc__': None}
print(Fo('haha').__dict__)#打印所有實(shí)例對(duì)象，不包括類屬性
#輸出：{'name': 'haha'}
print(Fo('haha'))
#輸出：obj：haha

__getitem__、__setitem__、__delitem__
用于索引操作，如字典。以上分別表示獲取、設(shè)置、刪除數(shù)據(jù)

class Foo(object):
    def __getitem__(self, key):
        print('__getitem__',key)
 
    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
        print('__setitem__',key,value)
 
    def __delitem__(self, key):
        print('__delitem__',key)
 
obj = Foo()
result = obj['k1']      # 自動(dòng)觸發(fā)執(zhí)行 __getitem__
obj['k2'] = 'alex'   # 自動(dòng)觸發(fā)執(zhí)行 __setitem__
del obj['k1']   

注：類 是由 type 類實(shí)例化產(chǎn)生

def func(self):
    print('hello[%s]this is func!'%self.name)

def __init__(self,name):
    self.name=name

f=type('Foo',(object,),{'welcome':func,'__init__':__init__})
h=f('haha')
h.welcome()

反射

通過字符串映射或修改程序運(yùn)行時(shí)的狀態(tài)、屬性、方法, 有以下4個(gè)方法

def talk(self):
    print('%s is talking...'%self.name)

class Foo(object):
    def __init__(self,name):
        self.name=name

    def eat(self,food):
        print('%s is eating %s'%(self.name,food))

f=Foo('haha')
a='eat'
b='talking'
c='name'
'''
hasattr(obj,name_str),判斷一個(gè)對(duì)象obj里是否有對(duì)應(yīng)的name_str字符串的方法
'''
print(hasattr(f,a))
#輸出：True
print(hasattr(f,b))
#輸出：False
print(hasattr(f,c))
#輸出：True
'''
getattr(obj,name_str),根據(jù)字符串去獲取obj對(duì)象里的對(duì)應(yīng)的方法的內(nèi)存地址
'''
print(getattr(f,a))
#輸出：<bound method Foo.eat of <__main__.Foo object at 0x0000000001E08F98>>
getattr(f,a)('包子')
#輸出：haha is eating 包子
print(getattr(f,c))
#輸出：haha

'''
setattr(obj,name_str,z),在obj對(duì)象里根據(jù)字符串創(chuàng)建新的方法，z代表已有的方法或?qū)嵗齾?shù)
'''
setattr(f,b,talk)
f.talking(f)
#輸出：haha is talking...

setattr(f,b,22)
print(f.talking)
#輸出：22

'''
delattr(obj,name_str),刪除obj對(duì)象里對(duì)應(yīng)的字符串方法或?qū)嵗齾?shù)
'''
delattr(f,a)
f.eat('饅頭')
#輸出：報(bào)錯(cuò)：AttributeError: eat

delattr(f,c)
f.name
#輸出：報(bào)錯(cuò)：AttributeError: 'Foo' object has no attribute 'name'

動(dòng)態(tài)導(dǎo)入模塊

image.png

import importlib
c=importlib.import_module('day6.cs')

a=c.Role('haha','police','ak')

異常

異常處理

正常出錯(cuò)：

a={'1':'a'}
a[2]
#報(bào)錯(cuò)：KeyError: 2
b=[1,2,3]
b[3]
#報(bào)錯(cuò)：IndexError: list index out of range

錯(cuò)誤處理：

try:
    a[2]
except KeyError as e:
    print (e)
#輸出：2
try:
    b[3]
except IndexError as e:
    print (e)
#輸出：list index out of range

嚴(yán)密處理：

try:
    a[2]
    b[3]
except (KeyError,IndexError) as e:
    print (e)
except Exception as mg:
    print ('其他錯(cuò)誤')
else:print ('一切正常')
finally:print ('不管有無(wú)錯(cuò)誤都會(huì)執(zhí)行')
#輸出：
'''
2
不管有無(wú)錯(cuò)誤都會(huì)執(zhí)行
'''

自定異常

class HahaError(Exception):
    def __init__(self,msg):
        self.massage=msg

    def __str__(self):
        return '錯(cuò)誤類型：Haha'

try:
    raise HahaError('連接數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。。。')
except HahaError as msg:
    print (msg)
#輸出：錯(cuò)誤類型：Haha

Socket編程

建立一個(gè)socket必須至少有2端， 一個(gè)服務(wù)端，一個(gè)客戶端， 服務(wù)端被動(dòng)等待并接收請(qǐng)求，客戶端主動(dòng)發(fā)起請(qǐng)求， 連接建立之后，雙方可以互發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)。

image.png

基本的socket實(shí)現(xiàn)

socket_server:

import socket

server=socket.socket()
server.bind(('localhost',1234))#綁定要監(jiān)聽端口
server.listen(3)#監(jiān)聽,允許多少連接等待
print('開始等待指定端口號(hào)連接口號(hào)')
while True:
    con,addr=server.accept()#連接進(jìn)來(lái)。。。
    #con就是客戶端連過來(lái)而在服務(wù)器為其生成的一個(gè)連接實(shí)例
    print(con,addr)
    print('連接進(jìn)來(lái)。。。')
    while True:
        data=con.recv(1024)
        print('recv:',data.decode())
        if not data:
            print('client has closed')
            break
        con.send(data)
server.close()

socket_client:

import socket

client=socket.socket()#聲明socket類型，同時(shí)生成socket連接對(duì)象
client.connect(('localhost',1234))
while True:
    input_data=input('>').strip()
    if len(input_data)==0:continue
    client.send(input_data.encode('utf-8'))
    data=client.recv(1024)
    print('rece:',data.decode())
client.close()

使用socket實(shí)現(xiàn)簡(jiǎn)單ssh功能

server:

import socket,os

server=socket.socket()
server.bind(('localhost',6666))
server.listen()
while True:
    con,addr=server.accept()
    print('已連接：',addr)
    while True:
        cmd_data = con.recv(1024)
        print('接收指令：',cmd_data.decode())
        if not cmd_data:
            print('客服端以斷開')
            break
        cmd_res=os.popen(cmd_data.decode()).read()#運(yùn)行命令
        if len(cmd_res)==0:#有可能會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)，就造一個(gè)cmd_res數(shù)據(jù)，保證通話繼續(xù)
            cmd_res='執(zhí)行結(jié)果為空'
        cmd_res_size=len(cmd_res)
        print('cmd_res_size:',cmd_res_size)
        con.send(str(cmd_res_size).encode('utf-8'))#返回執(zhí)行結(jié)果的長(zhǎng)度
        print('cmd_res:',cmd_res)
        # client_ack=con.recv(1024)#如果連續(xù)發(fā)送的數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)生粘包，就使用這種處理方法
        # print('client_ack:',client_ack.decode())
        con.send(cmd_res.encode('utf-8'))

server.close()

client:

import socket
client=socket.socket()
client.connect(('localhost',6666))
while True:
    cmd_data=input('請(qǐng)輸入指令：').strip()
    if len(cmd_data)==0:continue#如果輸入字符為空，則重新輸入
    client.send(cmd_data.encode('utf-8'))
    cmd_res_size=client.recv(1024)#接收運(yùn)行結(jié)果的長(zhǎng)度
    print('cmd_res_size:',int(cmd_res_size.decode()))
    # client.send('cmd_res_size已收到！'.encode('utf-8'))#防止連續(xù)接收的數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)生粘包
    receive_size=0
    while receive_size!=int(cmd_res_size.decode()):#存在運(yùn)行結(jié)果太長(zhǎng)，一次接收不完，則分多次接收，判斷接收的長(zhǎng)度不等于總長(zhǎng)度，則繼續(xù)接收
        cmd_res = client.recv(1024)
        print('運(yùn)行結(jié)果如下：', cmd_res.decode())
        receive_data_size=len(cmd_res.decode())
        receive_size+=receive_data_size

    else:print('接收完畢')


client.close()

使用socket實(shí)現(xiàn)ftp功能

server:

import socket,os,hashlib

server=socket.socket()
server.bind(('localhost',8888))
server.listen()
while True:
    con,addr=server.accept()
    print('已連接：',addr)
    while True:
        data=con.recv(1024).decode()
        cmd,filename= data.split()
        m=hashlib.sha256()
        print('接收指令：',cmd)
        if not data:
            print('客服端以斷開')
            break
        if os.path.isfile(filename):
            f=open(filename,'rb')
            file_size=os.stat(filename).st_size
            con.send(str(file_size).encode('utf-8'))
            print('file_size:',file_size)
            con.recv(1024)
            for line in f:
                con.send(line)
                m.update(line)
            con.send(m.hexdigest().encode('utf-8'))
            print('sha256加密碼：',m.hexdigest())
            f.close()
server.close()

client:

import socket,hashlib
client=socket.socket()
client.connect(('localhost',8888))
m=hashlib.sha256()
while True:
    cmd_data=input('請(qǐng)輸入指令：').strip()
    if len(cmd_data)==0:continue#如果輸入字符為空，則重新輸入
    client.send(cmd_data.encode('utf-8'))
    cmd,filename=cmd_data.split()
    if cmd=='get':
        file_size=client.recv(1024)#接收運(yùn)行結(jié)果的長(zhǎng)度
        print('file_size:',int(file_size.decode()))
        client.send('file_size已收到！'.encode('utf-8'))#防止連續(xù)接收的數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)生粘包
        receive_size=0
        f=open(filename+'new','wb')
        while receive_size!=int(file_size.decode()):#存在運(yùn)行結(jié)果太長(zhǎng)，一次接收不完，則分多次接收，判斷接收的長(zhǎng)度不等于總長(zhǎng)度，則繼續(xù)接收
            if int(file_size.decode())-receive_size>1024:#判斷所剩文件大小是否小于1024，不小于繼續(xù)接收，小于就只接收剩余大小文件，以便最后一次接收和sha256密碼發(fā)生粘包
                size=1024
            else:
                size=int(file_size.decode())-receive_size
                print('最后一次size:',size)
            cmd_line = client.recv(size)
            f.write(cmd_line)
            receive_data_size=len(cmd_line)
            receive_size+=receive_data_size
            m.update(cmd_line)
        else:
            print('接收完畢')
            receive_m=client.recv(2014).decode()#接收服務(wù)端發(fā)送的密碼
            f.close()
            print('receive_m:',receive_m)
            print('m:',m.hexdigest())#自己的密碼

client.close()

Socket實(shí)現(xiàn)多線程TCP網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)

server:

import socketserver

class MyTcpHandler(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler):
    def handle(self):
        while True:
            try:
                print('請(qǐng)求IP：',self.client_address[0])
                self.data=self.request.recv(1024)
                print('recv:',self.data.decode())
                self.request.send(self.data.upper())
            except ConnectionResetError as e:
                print('error:',e)
                break
if __name__ == '__main__':
    host,addr=('localhost'),1234
    server=socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer((host,addr),MyTcpHandler)
    server.serve_forever()

client同基本的socket實(shí)現(xiàn)中client