在Android世界中前前后后出現(xiàn)過很多網(wǎng)絡(luò)框架,比如:HttpUrlConnection、HttpClient、Volley、AsyncHttpClient、okhttp、Retrofit等。其中目前比較流行的當(dāng)屬okhttp與Retrofit莫屬了,其中Retrofit是基于okhttp的基礎(chǔ)上進行的進一步的封裝得到的,所以對于知其然還要知其所以然的monkey來說了解okhttp的源碼是很必要的,所以下面請跟我一起來看看okhttp的源碼吧。
本篇主要三個部分,分別是:OKHTTP流程分析、連接池實現(xiàn)、Dispatcher詳解。
一、OKHTTP流程分析
想要分析源碼我們需要一個切入口進行跟進,最好的入口不外乎日常使用的流程。我們對okhttp的一般使用方法:
//同步
OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url(url)
.build();
Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
if (response.isSuccessful()) {
//...
} else {
//...
}
//異步
OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url(url)
.build();
client.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
@Override public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
//...
}
@Override public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
//...
}
});
由上可知,先初始化一個OkHttpClient,然后調(diào)用其newCall()函數(shù)返回一個call類。看一下其實現(xiàn):
@Override
public Call newCall(Request request) {
return RealCall.newRealCall(this, request, false /* for web socket */);
}
直接返回了RealCall的newRealCall(),其中RealCall是call接口的實現(xiàn)類。
static RealCall newRealCall(OkHttpClient client, Request originalRequest, boolean forWebSocket) {
// Safely publish the Call instance to the EventListener.
RealCall call = new RealCall(client, originalRequest, forWebSocket);
call.eventListener = client.eventListenerFactory().create(call);
return call;
}
通過newCall()最終返回了一個RealCall的實例。之后同步調(diào)用RealCall的 execute(),異步調(diào)用enqueue,我們先來看同步:
@Override
public Response execute() throws IOException {
try {
Response result = getResponseWithInterceptorChain();//執(zhí)行request請求
return result;
} catch (IOException e) {
//...
} finally {
client.dispatcher().finished(this);//切換下一request執(zhí)行
}
}
簡化了以下只剩下最簡單的代碼,可以看到直接調(diào)用了getResponseWithInterceptorChain()
再看異步:
@Override
public void enqueue(Callback responseCallback) {
client.dispatcher().enqueue(new AsyncCall(responseCallback));
}
synchronized void enqueue(AsyncCall call) {
if (runningAsyncCalls.size() < maxRequests && runningCallsForHost(call) < maxRequestsPerHost) {
runningAsyncCalls.add(call);//放到正在執(zhí)行隊列
executorService().execute(call);//執(zhí)行
} else {
readyAsyncCalls.add(call);//放到等待隊列
}
}
可以看到生成了一個AsyncCall并在executorService().execute(call);進行了執(zhí)行,看下AsyncCall:
final class AsyncCall extends NamedRunnable {
AsyncCall(Callback responseCallback) { }
@Override
protected void execute() {
try {
Response response = getResponseWithInterceptorChain();
//...
} catch (IOException e) {
//...
} finally {
client.dispatcher().finished(this);
}
}
}
和同步的execute非常相似,都最終調(diào)用了getResponseWithInterceptorChain(),其實同步和異步的區(qū)別就是一個直接執(zhí)行了,一個使用了線程池,具體實現(xiàn)值得學(xué)習(xí)一下,感興趣可以看下源碼,不在贅述。
下面就主要看getResponseWithInterceptorChain()的實現(xiàn)了:
Response getResponseWithInterceptorChain() throws IOException {
// Build a full stack of interceptors.
List<Interceptor> interceptors = new ArrayList<>();
interceptors.addAll(client.interceptors());
interceptors.add(retryAndFollowUpInterceptor);
interceptors.add(new BridgeInterceptor(client.cookieJar()));
interceptors.add(new CacheInterceptor(client.internalCache()));
interceptors.add(new ConnectInterceptor(client));
if (!forWebSocket) {
interceptors.addAll(client.networkInterceptors());
}
interceptors.add(new CallServerInterceptor(forWebSocket));
Interceptor.Chain chain = new RealInterceptorChain(interceptors, null, null, null, 0,
originalRequest, this, eventListener, client.connectTimeoutMillis(),
client.readTimeoutMillis(), client.writeTimeoutMillis());
return chain.proceed(originalRequest);
}
其中就做了兩件事:1)創(chuàng)建了一些interceptors;2)新建了RealInterceptorChain并調(diào)用了它的proceed的方法。我們直接看該proceed做了什么
@Override
public Response proceed(Request request) throws IOException {
return proceed(request, streamAllocation, httpCodec, connection);
}
public Response proceed(Request request, StreamAllocation streamAllocation, HttpCodec httpCodec,
RealConnection connection) throws IOException {
// Call the next interceptor in the chain.
RealInterceptorChain next = new RealInterceptorChain(interceptors, streamAllocation, httpCodec,
connection, index + 1, request, call, eventListener, connectTimeout, readTimeout, writeTimeout);
Interceptor interceptor = interceptors.get(index);
Response response = interceptor.intercept(next);
return response;
}
可知,其中又新建了只有index + 1不同的RealInterceptorChain并執(zhí)行了上面的interceptors鏈表中某一個interceptor的intercept(next),我們看下intercept(next)在干嘛(以retryAndFollowUpInterceptor為例)
@Override
public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
StreamAllocation streamAllocation = new StreamAllocation(client.connectionPool(),
createAddress(request.url()), call, eventListener, callStackTrace);
while (true) {//如果結(jié)果正常則返回,否則使用更新的request進行第二次處理。
Response response = realChain.proceed(request, streamAllocation, null, null);//直接傳遞給下一個
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Request followUp = followUpRequest(response, streamAllocation.route());//處理重定向等邏輯.
if (followUp == null) {
return response;
}
//建立新的StreamAllocation,以供followUp 使用。
streamAllocation = new StreamAllocation(client.connectionPool(),
createAddress(followUp.url()), call, eventListener, callStackTrace);
request = followUp;
}
}
可見,主要做了三件事:
1)新建StreamAllocation ;用于建立網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接
2)執(zhí)行上面?zhèn)鬟f過來的next.proceed()執(zhí)行下一個interceptor的intercept(),直到interceptors全部被執(zhí)行完。
3)調(diào)用followUpRequest,進行檢查response中是否含有重定向,沒有返回null,有返回新的request。
其中while死循環(huán)的目的就是持續(xù)檢查返回結(jié)果中是否有重定向,直到?jīng)]有在跳出。
注意:其中的分割線,分割線以上都是用來處理request邏輯的,分割線以下都是用來處理response邏輯的,因為realChain.proceed會持續(xù)循環(huán)調(diào)用,直到返回結(jié)果,調(diào)用鏈如下圖。

總體流程圖:

其中,總體的調(diào)用流程就是上面的部分,下面介紹下幾個攔截器的作用,分析方法和上面retryAndFollowUpInterceptor一樣,只要看intercept方法就可以了。
retryAndFollowUpInterceptor();//主要負責(zé)重定向攔截相關(guān)
BridgeInterceptor(client.cookieJar());//主要負責(zé)請求相應(yīng)頭添加去除等邏輯
CacheInterceptor(client.internalCache());//主要負責(zé)緩存相關(guān),使用了diskLruCache()
ConnectInterceptor(client);//主要負責(zé)網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接相關(guān)
CallServerInterceptor(forWebSocket);//最后一個攔截器,負責(zé)與服務(wù)器建立 Socket 連接
client.interceptors();//用戶自定
client.networkInterceptors();//用戶自定義,用戶可以在攔截器的一頭一尾進行自定義功能的數(shù)據(jù)處理,
//并在client初始化時傳入進去即可。
如果只是看流程的到這里就可以結(jié)束了。
二、連接池實現(xiàn)
下面我們看一下連接池ConnectionPool實現(xiàn),我們都直到網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接是基于TCP/IP基礎(chǔ)的,所以必須要經(jīng)歷三次握手與四次揮手,頻繁的建立連接與斷開連接是很耗時的,所以就建立連接池來實現(xiàn)對連接的最大復(fù)用。
ConnectionPool內(nèi)部維持了一個ArrayDeque來保存連接。
private final Deque<RealConnection> connections = new ArrayDeque<>();
public ConnectionPool() {
this(5, 5, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
}
可維持的最大數(shù)量默認5個,維持時間5分鐘,會創(chuàng)建一個線程定時進行查詢處理超時的鏈接。雖然ConnectionPool在client初始化時就傳入了進來,但是直到ConnectInterceptor時才會調(diào)用進行查找,最終會調(diào)用其get方法:
@Nullable
RealConnection get(Address address, StreamAllocation streamAllocation, Route route) {
assert (Thread.holdsLock(this));
for (RealConnection connection : connections) {
if (connection.isEligible(address, route)) {
streamAllocation.acquire(connection, true);
return connection;
}
}
return null;
}
其中就是遍歷所有鏈接connections對它進行檢查是否可用,如果符合就返回,Connection代表真實的socket物理連接,如下圖

下面看下isEligible做了什么:
/**
* Returns true if this connection can carry a stream allocation to {@code address}. If non-null
* {@code route} is the resolved route for a connection.
*/
public boolean isEligible(Address address, @Nullable Route route) {
// If this connection is not accepting new streams, we're done.
if (allocations.size() >= allocationLimit || noNewStreams) return false;
// If the non-host fields of the address don't overlap, we're done.
if (!Internal.instance.equalsNonHost(this.route.address(), address)) return false;
// If the host exactly matches, we're done: this connection can carry the address.
if (address.url().host().equals(this.route().address().url().host())) {
return true; // This connection is a perfect match.
}
//...
return true; // The caller's address can be carried by this connection.
}
可見,先是檢查是否超過每個連接所能鏈接的數(shù)量,默認是:1,然后檢查代理、DNS、目標(biāo)主機等是否相同,如果都相同就說明該鏈接可用,否則不可用。
接著看一下streamAllocation.acquire(connection, true);
public void acquire(RealConnection connection, boolean reportedAcquired) {
assert (Thread.holdsLock(connectionPool));
if (this.connection != null) throw new IllegalStateException();
this.connection = connection;
this.reportedAcquired = reportedAcquired;
connection.allocations.add(new StreamAllocationReference(this, callStackTrace));
}
可見,將可用的connection保存到streamAllocation中,并將該streamAllocation添加到connection.allocations鏈表中
public final List<Reference<StreamAllocation>> allocations = new ArrayList<>();
從中我們就可以答題理解connection與StreamAllocation的關(guān)系了:StreamAllocation是一個負責(zé)查找可用連接,完成鏈接回調(diào)的類,它是物理連接connection的邏輯代表,直到ConnectInterceptor調(diào)用時兩者合二為一。
三、Dispatcher詳解
在第一部分有講過同步和異步的處理,其實他們都是通過Dispatcher分發(fā)實現(xiàn)的。了解一下Dispatcher中幾個重要的變量:
/** 異步等待隊列 */
private final Deque<AsyncCall> readyAsyncCalls = new ArrayDeque<>();
/** 異步執(zhí)行隊列 */
private final Deque<AsyncCall> runningAsyncCalls = new ArrayDeque<>();
/** 同步執(zhí)行隊列 */
private final Deque<RealCall> runningSyncCalls = new ArrayDeque<>();
Dispatcher就是對這三個變量的維護來實現(xiàn)對request的管理。
private int maxRequests = 64;
private int maxRequestsPerHost = 5;
maxRequests 用來限制異步請求runningAsyncCalls 的最大長度,默認為64個;maxRequestsPerHost用來限制runningAsyncCalls 中相同host的最大請求數(shù)量,默認為5個;超過以上兩個限制的request都將放入readyAsyncCalls 隊列中。
同步請求在
Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
后直接調(diào)用
client.dispatcher().executed(this);//入列
synchronized void executed(RealCall call) {
runningSyncCalls.add(call);
}
加入了runningSyncCalls隊列,等到執(zhí)行結(jié)束后回調(diào)finished方法
client.dispatcher().finished(this);
void finished(RealCall call) {
finished(runningSyncCalls, call, false);
}
異步請求在
client.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback())
執(zhí)行結(jié)束后回調(diào)
client.dispatcher().finished(this);
void finished(AsyncCall call) {
finished(runningAsyncCalls, call, true);
}
是的,它們最后執(zhí)行的finished是同一個泛型函數(shù),只是最后一個參數(shù)不同而已。
private <T> void finished(Deque<T> calls, T call, boolean promoteCalls) {
synchronized (this) {
//在runningSyncCalls隊列中將該請求移除
if (!calls.remove(call)) throw new AssertionError("Call wasn't in-flight!");
if (promoteCalls) promoteCalls();
}
}
可見,同步移除之后直接退出了,異步執(zhí)行了promoteCalls:
private void promoteCalls() {
if (runningAsyncCalls.size() >= maxRequests) return; // Already running max capacity.
if (readyAsyncCalls.isEmpty()) return; // No ready calls to promote.
for (Iterator<AsyncCall> i = readyAsyncCalls.iterator(); i.hasNext(); ) {
AsyncCall call = i.next();
if (runningCallsForHost(call) < maxRequestsPerHost) {
i.remove();
runningAsyncCalls.add(call);
executorService().execute(call);
}
if (runningAsyncCalls.size() >= maxRequests) return; // Reached max capacity.
}
}
可見,直接取出等待隊列中的一個request執(zhí)行。