Ⅰ. ? anticipate? 英[?n't?s?pe?t] ? ??美[?n't?s?'pet]
(v)? ? ? anticipate----anticipated----anticipated? (adj)anticipatory 預(yù)期的；提早發(fā)生的；期待著的
1.to expect that something will happen and be ready for it預(yù)期，預(yù)料
anticipate changes/developments
?The schedule isn’t final, but we don’t anticipate many changes. 日程還沒有最后定下來，但是我們預(yù)料不會(huì)有許多變化。
anticipate problems/difficulties
?We don’t anticipate any problems. 我們預(yù)料不會(huì)有問題。
anticipate (that)
?This year, we anticipate that our expenses will be 15% greater. 今年，我們預(yù)計(jì)支出會(huì)增加15%。
anticipate doing sth
2. to think about something that is going to happen, especially something pleasant期待〔尤指好事〕
?Daniel was eagerly anticipating her arrival. 丹尼爾熱切地期待著她的到來。
3. ?to do something before someone else先于…之前（做）
?Copernicus anticipated in part the discoveries of the 17th and 18th centuries. 17和18世紀(jì)的發(fā)現(xiàn)中有一部分早為哥白尼所發(fā)現(xiàn)。
Ⅱ. ? bristle ? ? ?英['br?s(?)l] ? ? ?美['br?sl]
(v) ??bristle----bristled----bristled
1.?to behave in a way that shows you are very angry or annoyed發(fā)怒
bristle with rage/indignation etc
?John pushed back his chair, bristling with rage. 約翰把椅子往后一推，暴跳起來。
[+ at]?He bristled at her rudeness. 她的無禮使他火冒三丈。
2.〔動(dòng)物因驚慌或憤怒而毛發(fā)〕豎起，聳起
bristle with ?sth?充滿，充斥著
?a battleship bristling with guns 布滿大炮的戰(zhàn)艦
(n)?
?1.[C,U]a short stiff hair that feels rough短而硬的毛發(fā)；胡茬
?His chin was covered with bristles. 他滿下巴都是胡茬。
2.[C]a short stiff hair, wire etc that forms part of a brush〔刷子上的〕鬃毛，刷子毛
Ⅲ.? ? decay? ? 英[d?'ke?] ? ?美[d?'ke]
(v)? ? decay-----decayed-----decayed
1.（使）腐爛；（使）變壞
2.[I]if buildings, structures, or areas decay, their condition gradually becomes worse〔建筑、結(jié)構(gòu)或地區(qū)〕破敗，毀壞
?Hundreds of historic buildings are being allowed to decay. 數(shù)百幢歷史建筑被任由破敗。
3.[I]if traditional beliefs, standards etc decay, people do not believe in them or support them any more〔傳統(tǒng)觀念、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等〕失去影響力，衰敗，衰落
?In Orthodox Europe, mass religion seems to have decayed less. 在正教會(huì)流行的歐洲地區(qū)，集體宗教信仰的影響力似乎衰退得沒那么嚴(yán)重。
語(yǔ)體:在日常英語(yǔ)中,人們談?wù)撌澄镆话阏f rot ,而不用 decay
?There was a smell ofrottingvegetables. 有股蔬菜腐爛的味道。
(n.[U?])
1.腐爛，朽爛
2.the gradual destruction of buildings, structures etc because they have not been cared for〔疏于管理而造成建筑物等的〕破敗，衰敗
?poverty and urban decay 貧窮和市區(qū)的破敗
fall into (a state of) decay
?During the war, the area fell into decay. 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間這個(gè)地區(qū)衰敗了。
3.the gradual destruction of ideas, beliefs, social or political systems etc〔觀念、信仰、社會(huì)制度、政治制度等的〕衰退，沒落
?moral decay 道德的敗壞
Ⅳ.? indulge? ? ? 英[?n'd?ld?] ? ??美[?n'd?ld?]
(v)? ? indulge---indulged---indulged
1.[I,T]to let yourself do or have something that you enjoy, especially something that is considered bad for you
(使自己)沉溺(于)，沉湎(于)
[+ in]??Most of us were too busy to indulge in heavy lunchtime drinking. 我們大多數(shù)人都忙得不能在午飯時(shí)盡情飲酒。
?Eva had never been one to indulge in self-pity. 伊娃從不是那種沉湎于自憐自哀的人。
indulge oneself??恣縱己意縱情享樂放縱自己
?Even if you’re dieting, you can indulge yourself (=eat what you want) once in a while. 即使在節(jié)食，也可以偶爾放縱一下。
2.[T]to let someone have or do whatever they want, even if it is bad for them放縱，縱容，遷就
?His mother spoiled him, indulging his every whim. 他母親對(duì)他縱容嬌慣，百依百順。
3.[I]to take part in an activity, especially an illegal one參與，參加〔尤指違法活動(dòng)〕
[+ in] ???Women do not indulge in crime to the same extent as men. 女性參與犯罪的程度與男性不同
Ⅴ.? motivate? ? ? 英['m??t?ve?t] ? ?美['mot?'vet]
(v)? ? motivate---motivated---motivated
1.to be the reason why someone does something成為…的動(dòng)機(jī)
motivate sb to do sth
?We may never know what motivated him to kill his wife. 我們也許永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)知道他謀殺妻子的動(dòng)機(jī)是什么。
2.motivate sb to do sth? 激發(fā)，激勵(lì)，促動(dòng)
?The profit-sharing plan is designed to motivate the staff to work hard. 利潤(rùn)分紅計(jì)劃旨在激勵(lì)員工努力工作。
Ⅵ.? restrain? ? 英[r?'stre?n] ? ?美[r?'stren]
(v)? restrain---restrained---restrained
1.to stop someone from doing something, often by using physical force〔常指用武力〕阻止，制止，抑制
restrain sb from doing sth
?I had to restrain her from running out into the street. 我只得阻止她跑到街上去。
2.to control your own emotions or behaviour克制，控制，忍住〔情緒或行為〕
restrain oneself (from doing something) 自制，約束自己
?She could barely restrain herself from hitting him. 她差點(diǎn)就忍不住要去打他。
3.to control or limit something that is increasing too much抑制，控制〔增長(zhǎng)太多的東西〕
?Price rises should restrain consumer spending. 價(jià)格上漲會(huì)抑制消費(fèi)支出。
Ⅶ.? ? retain? ? 英[r?'te?n] ??美[r?'ten]
(v)? ? retain---retained---retained
1.to keep something or continue to have something保留，保有；繼續(xù)擁有
?You have the right to retain possession of the goods. 你有權(quán)保留這些物品。
2.保存，儲(chǔ)存
3.to remember information記住
?I find it very difficult to retain facts. 我覺得具體事實(shí)很難記住。
4.if you retain a lawyer or other specialist, you pay them to work for you now and in the future聘請(qǐng)〔律師、專家〕
?He has retained a lawyer to challenge the court’s decision. 他聘請(qǐng)了一名律師質(zhì)疑法庭的判決。
5.if a company retains workers, it continues to employ them for a long time留用〔員工〕
?It’s increasingly difficult to recruit and retain good staff. 招聘和留
Ⅷ.? ? ? surge? ? 英[s??d?] ? ??美[s?d?]
(v）? surge---surged---surged
1.[always + adv/prep]to suddenly move very quickly in a particular direction迅速涌動(dòng)，蜂擁向前
[+ forward/through etc]
?The taxi surged forward. 出租車突然往前沖。
?The crowd surged through the gates. 人群蜂擁著通過大門。
2.〔情感〕涌起，涌現(xiàn)
?She could feel anger surging inside her. 她感到怒火中燒。
3.[usually + adv/prep]if a large amount of a liquid, electricity, chemical etc surges, it moves very quickly and suddenly
〔大量液體〕洶涌；〔電流〕浪涌；〔化學(xué)物等〕突然涌動(dòng)
?A wave surged up towards them. 一個(gè)浪頭向他們涌來。
4.to suddenly increase突然上漲，激增 ??Oil prices surged. 油價(jià)暴漲。
(n.[C ]一般用單數(shù)])
1.a sudden large increase in a feeling〔情感的〕突發(fā)；涌現(xiàn)
a surge of sth
?a surge of excitement 一陣興奮
2.a sudden increase in amount or number〔數(shù)量的〕急劇增加，激增
[+ in/of]
?a surge in food costs 食品成本的急劇增加
3.a sudden movement of a lot of people〔人群的〕蜂擁
[+ of] ??a surge of refugees into the country 涌入這個(gè)國(guó)家的難民潮
Ⅸ.? ? swell? 英[swel] ? ?美[sw?l]
(v)? swell---swelled---swelled / swollen
1.[I]to become larger and rounder than normal – used especially about parts of the body腫，腫脹〔尤指身體部位〕
?The window frame was swollen shut. 窗框膨脹變形，關(guān)得死死的。
2.[I,T]to increase in amount or number〔數(shù)量〕增加，增多，增大
?The river was swollen with melted snow. 積雪融化，河水上漲。
[+ to] ? ???The crowd swelled to around 10,000. 人群增加到一萬(wàn)人左右。
swell the ranks/numbers of sth(=increase the number of people in a particular situation)
?Large numbers of refugees have swollen the ranks of the unemployed. 擴(kuò)大…的隊(duì)伍，增加…的人數(shù)
3. ?swell with pride/anger etc揚(yáng)揚(yáng)得意/怒氣沖沖等
?His heart swelled with pride as he watched his daughter collect her prize. 他看著女兒領(lǐng)獎(jiǎng)，心中充滿了自豪。
4.形狀（使）鼓起，（使）隆起
5.聲音?增強(qiáng)，變響亮
?Music swelled around us. 音樂聲在我們四周越來越響。
(n)
1.[singular,單數(shù)]海面的起伏，浪涌
2.[singular,單數(shù)]增加；增多
[+ of]?a swell of pride 自豪感的增強(qiáng)
3.[singular,單數(shù)]〔尤指音樂〕音量逐漸增強(qiáng)
(adj)
1.very good極好的，第一流的
?You look swell! 你看上去漂亮極了！
