段3-5由YAN-tdlorang負責精讀，在完成過程中，痛并快樂著。謝謝我在的討論組，這群可愛，熱心的小伙伴@蓬蓬豆@肉丸子@荊棘海@暗夜 （不分先后噠），手動點贊。
原文如下：
3-Nonetheless, beyond America’s gloomy trend is a more optimistic story: that at a global level, suicide is down by 29% since 2000 (see article). As a result, 2.8m lives have been saved in that time—three times as many as have been killed in battle. There is no one reason. It is happening at different rates among different groups in different places. But the decline is particularly notable among three sets of people.
4-One is young women in China and India. In most of the world, older people kill themselves more often than the young, and men more than women. But in China and India, young women have been unusually prone to suicide. That is decreasingly the case. Another group is middle-aged men in Russia. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, alcoholism and suicide rocketed among them. Both have now receded. A third category is old people all around the world. The suicide rate among the elderly remains, on average, higher than among the rest of the population, but has also fallen faster since 2000 than among other groups.
5-Why are these people now less likely to take their own lives? Urbanisation and greater freedom have helped. Accounts of those who attempt suicide, and of the relatives of those who succeed, suggest that many young Asian women were driven to despair by violent husbands and overbearing in-laws. As people move to cities and the grip of tradition loosens, women have more choice about whom they marry or live with, making life more bearable. Leaving the village helps in another way, too. Because farming involves killing things, rural folk are likelier to have the means to kill themselves—guns, pesticides—to hand.
一）內(nèi)容總結(jié)：
段3：承接第2段內(nèi)容，說盡管自殺率雖然在美國不容客觀，但是在全球范圍內(nèi)看，情況是有很大的好轉(zhuǎn)的。從來自另一篇報道的文章，可以看到自2000年到2017年自殺率下降了29%。280萬人獲救，是這段時期被殺人數(shù)的3倍。也不知為何，自殺人數(shù)的下降在全世界都在發(fā)生。但是下降主要體現(xiàn)在三類人群。
段4：承接第3段，整段介紹了是哪三類在減少，第一類群體：與其它大多數(shù)國家不同，中國和印度的年輕女性更易自殺，但現(xiàn)在自殺傾向在減少。第二類群體：俄羅斯中年男性，酗酒和自殺都有所減少。第三類群體：平均來看，世界各地的老人自殺率，雖高于其它人群，但其下降速度比其它人群快。
段5：前面說完自殺率在全球有所好轉(zhuǎn)，接下來慢慢分析為什么？這段介紹了城市化和更多的自由帶來的幫助。從那些企圖自殺的人、以及自殺成功的的親屬那兒，了解到，許多亞洲年輕女性的自殺源于丈夫家暴或者姻親。但隨著人們搬到大城市，傳統(tǒng)的控制有所緩解，關(guān)于婚姻，女性有了更多的選擇，日子也稍微好些了。
二）實用表達總結(jié)：
段一：
① beyond America’s gloomy trend is a more optimistic story? 在美國不容客觀的情況之外是相對更樂觀的報道。
② As a result 因此；結(jié)果是
類似：As a consequence? / in consequence / consequently / Resultantly / Therefore / Because of that /under the circumstances /hence /ergo
③ It is happening at different rates among different groups in different places. 在不同的地方，不同的群體中，這種情況以不同的速度發(fā)生著。
④ But the decline is particularly notable among three sets of people. 三類人群
段二：
① older people 老年人
類似 old people, the elderly
② prone to suicide 更容易自殺
③ That is decreasingly the case.這種情況在減少
類似 both have now receded / has also fallen faster
④ middle-aged men 中年男子
⑤ Soviet Union 前蘇聯(lián)
⑥ The suicide rate among the elderly remains 老年人的自殺率仍然很高
⑦ on average 通常；平均起來
類似 in general / as a rule
⑧ one is...? Another group is...? A third category is... 整個第段落，介紹三個群體，使用的句型
段三：
① Why are these people now less likely to take their own lives? 不太可能自殺
likely：可作形容詞，或者副詞，這里為形容詞
表示某事很有可能發(fā)生，最簡單的句型，以表示該事的名詞為主語。X is likely to ...。
反義：are likelier to have the means to kill themselves 更有可能自殺
likelier 這里為likely做為形容詞時，的比較級。
② Urbanisation 美?/,?:b?nai'zei??n/ 城市化
④ were driven to despair by violent husbands and overbearing in-laws. 被暴力的丈夫和專橫的姻親逼得絕望。
⑤ As people move to cities and the grip of tradition loosens 隨著人們向城市遷移，傳統(tǒng)的束縛也得到減緩
⑥ in another way, too 在另一方面也是如此
?⑦ pesticides 美?/'p?st?sa?dz/ 農(nóng)藥
?⑧ rural folk 鄉(xiāng)下人
?⑨ to hand 在手頭
三）重點分析：
段一：
① Nonetheless, beyond America’s gloomy trend is a more optimistic story: that at a global level, suicide is down by 29% since 2000 (see article).
發(fā)音：
注意 Nonetheless 的讀音? 美?/'n?ne?'l?s/
實用介詞beyond：
beyond preposition? 除…之外
類似：In addition to / ?besides / over and above / ?apart from
同位語從句：
注意：that 為story的同位語從句引導(dǎo)詞，that不能省略，沒有具體的意思，不充當句子成分，只起連接作用。
story=suicide is down by 29% since 2000 (see article）
這句話的句式簡單表達就是：X is a more optimistic story that suicide is down by 29% since 2000.
see article 帶你了解數(shù)據(jù)來源：
出于好奇，點擊文中“(see article) 鏈接去瞅了一眼，是一篇關(guān)于自殺情況在全球范圍下降的文章（見下圖一），文中呈現(xiàn)了一張數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計圖（見圖二），驗證原文數(shù)據(jù)29%的來源（見圖三），再次說明經(jīng)濟學(xué)人寫文時的嚴謹：
② As a result, 2.8m lives have been saved in that time—three times as many as have been killed in battle.
three times as many as 比較句型：
這個句子中破折號后面是對主句的解釋說明，使用的是as...as比較從句句型（第二個as后通常是省略形式），完整可能為以下2種情況：
完整版1： three times as many as those who have been killed in battle. 第二個as接的名詞性從句。(按照文中的意思，應(yīng)該是這個完整版，與在戰(zhàn)爭中死亡的人數(shù)相比，ash定語從句)
完整版2：three times as many as lives have been killed in battle. 第二個as接的完整句子。（句子沒有錯，但是放在文中理解會有歧義，前面的lives 和后面的lives不是同一回事）
關(guān)于as...as...句型中2個as的詞性和用法：
In this case the first?as?acts as an adverb modifying the adjective or adverb that goes after it.? 第1個as為副詞
The second?as?can act as a preposition or conjunction. If it is used as a preposition, it will be followed by a noun or pronoun. If it is used as a conjunction, it will be followed by a clause. 第2個as為介詞或者連詞
段二：
① After the collapse of the Soviet Union, alcoholism and suicide rocketed among them. Both have now receded.
動詞：
rocketed 原型 rocket ?/'rɑk?t/ 名詞是火箭；做動詞 （讀音不變）表示 (價格)猛漲，飆升;社會問題急劇增多，用于新聞
If things such as prices or social problems?rocket, they increase very quickly and suddenly.? [JOURNALISM 新聞]
造句：Fresh food is so scarce that prices have?rocketed. 新鮮食物非常匱乏，導(dǎo)致價格猛漲。
receded 原型 recede? 美?/r?'sid/ 可表示質(zhì)量下降;問題或疾病等逐漸減弱，好轉(zhuǎn)，在文中指 酗酒和自殺問題有所好轉(zhuǎn)
造句：Some writng problems/bad habits begin to?recede after joining the Phenomenal English. ? 一些寫作問題/壞習(xí)慣在加入現(xiàn)象級英語后開始有所好轉(zhuǎn)。?????????
② The suicide rate among the elderly remains, on average, higher than among the rest of the population, but has also fallen faster since 2000 than among other groups.
句式：
整齊美觀，將on average作為插入語放在句中。還原理解如下,，但是整體效果就沒原文好看了：
On average, the suicide rate among the elderly remains higher than among the rest of the population, but has also fallen faster since 2000 than among other groups.
動詞：
remains? 保持;繼續(xù);持續(xù)?? 近義詞：continue, stay
段三：
① Accounts of those who attempt suicide, and of the relatives of those who succeed, suggest that many young Asian women were driven to despair by violent husbands and overbearing in-laws.
詞匯：
Accounts 和 drive 重點
Account 常理解為賬戶，這里為可數(shù)名詞 表示?書面或口頭的記述，描述，陳述，報告
drive? 表示 驅(qū)使，迫使(某人做出極端的事情) be driven to do by sth 受到......的驅(qū)使而去干什么
造句：People are driven to murder by jealousy. 嫉妒使我犯罪殺人。
其次 ，
overbearing 表示 傲慢的；專橫的；盛氣凌人的；飛揚跋扈的
in-laws：姻親 指因婚姻關(guān)系而產(chǎn)生的親屬。即由于結(jié)婚使男女一方與對方親屬所形成的親屬關(guān)系。
