1.準備工作
? ? 1.1下載最小文件系統(tǒng)
????????到ubuntu網(wǎng)址 下載相應(yīng)的最小系統(tǒng)（本文以 ubuntu-base-16.04.5-base-arm64.tar.gz?為例）
????1.2安裝模擬器工具
? ??????$sudo apt-get install qemu-user-static
?2.解壓最小系統(tǒng)
?????$mkdir ubuntu-rootfs
????$sudo tar -xvpf ubuntu-base-16.04.5-base-armhf.tar.gz?-C ubuntu-rootfs
3.復(fù)制模擬器工具到根文件系統(tǒng)
? ??(1) arm
????$sudo cp /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static ubuntu-rootfs/usr/bin/
? ? (2)arm64
????$sudo cp /usr/bin/qemu-aarch64-static?ubuntu-rootfs/usr/bin/
4.復(fù)制本地DNS配置到根文件系統(tǒng)
? ??$sudo cp /etc/resolv.conf ubuntu-rootfs/etc/resolv.conf
5.添加開機啟動腳本
? ??$sudo vim ubuntu-rootfs/etc/init.d/firstboot.sh
? ??#!/bin/bash -e
????# first boot configure
????#根據(jù)實際分區(qū)情況修改mmcblk2p3
????if [ ! -e "/usr/local/first_boot_flag" ] ;
????then
????echo "Resizing /dev/mmcblk2p3..."
????resize2fs /dev/mmcblk2p3
????touch /usr/local/first_boot_flag
????fi
? ??$sudo vim ubuntu-rootfs/lib/systemd/system/firstboot.service
????#start
????[Unit]
????Description=Setup rockchip platform environment
????Before=lightdm.service
? ? ?After=resize-helper.service
????[Service]
????Type=simple
????ExecStart=/etc/init.d/firstboot.sh
????[Install]
????WantedBy=multi-user.target
????#end
6.掛載根文件系統(tǒng)，進入根文件系統(tǒng)
? ??$./mount.sh -m linux-rootfs
? ? mount.sh的內(nèi)容
? ??#!/bin/bash
????function mnt() {
? ? echo "MOUNTING"
? ? sudo mount -t proc /proc ${2}/proc
? ? sudo mount -t sysfs /sys ${2}/sys
? ? sudo mount -o bind /dev ${2}/dev
? ? sudo chroot ${2}
????}
????function umnt() {
? ? echo "UNMOUNTING"
? ? sudo umount ${2}/proc
? ? sudo umount ${2}/sys
? ? sudo umount ${2}/dev
????}
????if [ "$1" == "-m" ] && [ -n "$2" ] ;
????then
? ? mnt $1 $2
????elif [ "$1" == "-u" ] && [ -n "$2" ];
????then
? ? umnt $1 $2
????else
? ? echo ""
? ? echo "Either 1'st, 2'nd or both parameters were missing"
? ? echo ""
? ? echo "1'st parameter can be one of these: -m(mount) OR -u(umount)"
? ? echo "2'nd parameter is the full path of rootfs directory(with trailing '/')"
? ? echo ""
? ? echo "For example: ch-mount -m /media/sdcard/"
? ? echo ""
? ? echo 1st parameter : ${1}
? ? echo 2nd parameter : ${2}
????fi
7.對根文件系統(tǒng)進行配置
? ?(1) 更新源
? ??????$apt update
????????ps：如果更新速度慢，可以修改/etc/apt/source.list文件的內(nèi)容，修改成國內(nèi)的更新源
? ??(2) 更新系統(tǒng)
????????$apt upgrade
? ? (3)安裝常用的工具
????????$apt install bash-completion // shell自動補全
????????$apt install net-tools ??????//沒有這個，ifconfig命令沒有
????????$apt install inetutils-ping ?//沒有這個，ping命令沒有
????????$apt install vim //vim編輯器
????（其它工具及軟件，請自行安裝）
? ? (4)安裝xubuntu桌面環(huán)境（耗時較長，耐心等待）
? ??????$apt install ubuntu-session xubuntu-desktop
? ? (5)設(shè)置桌面環(huán)境啟動選項
????????$update-alternatives --config x-session-manager ?// xubuntu選擇startxfce4
? ? (6)設(shè)置默認登錄方式
????????$dpkg-reconfigure lightdm
? ? (7)設(shè)置系統(tǒng)默認語言及編碼方式
????????$apt install locales?//系統(tǒng)語言及編碼格式
????????$dpkg-reconfigure locales ?//根據(jù)提示，空格鍵選擇"en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8" "zh_CN GB2312" "zh_CN.GB18030 GB18030" "zh_CN.GBK GBK" "zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8";
? ? (8)設(shè)置主機名
????????$echo "localhost" > /etc/hostname
????????$echo "127.0.0.1 localhost" > /etc/hosts
? ? (9)添加用戶并設(shè)置密碼
????????$useradd -s '/bin/bash' -m -G adm,sudo admin
????????$passwd admin
????????$passwd root
? ? (10)卸載一些沒用的軟件
????????$apt remove thunderbird ??????//郵箱客戶端
????????$apt remove gnome-mines ?????//游戲
????????$apt remove gnome-sudoku ????//游戲
????????$apt remove pidgin ??????????//聊天客戶端
????????$apt remove transmission-* ???//下載工具
????????$apt remove gnome-software ??//軟件中心
????????$apt autoremove
????(11)安裝qt5支持
????????$apt install qt5-default
????(12)?[endif]重新配置時區(qū)
????????$dpkg-reconfigure tzdata ?//選擇亞洲、上海
????(13)禁止apport報錯
????????$vim etc/default/apport
????????設(shè)置enabled=0
????(14) 設(shè)置開機啟動腳本
? ???? $systemctl enable firstboot.service
????(15)設(shè)置藍牙
? ? ? ? $apt remove bluetooth* bluez* blueman*
? ? ? ? $apt autoremove
? ? ? ? $apt install?bluetooth* bluez* blueman*
? ? ? ? $vim /usr/bin/bt-attach
? ??????#!/usr/bin/env bash
????????start-stop-daemon --start --oknodo --pidfile /var/run/hciattach.pid --background --startas /usr/bin/hciattach -- -s 115200 -n /dev/ttyS0 ????????bcm43xx 1500000 -t 200
????????exit 0
? ? ? ? $vim /etc/systemd/system/bt-attach.service
? ??????[Unit]
????????Description=bluetooth-toggle
????????[Service]
????????Type=forking
????????ExecStart=/usr/bin/bt-attach
? ? ? ? $vim /lib/udev/rules.d/50-bluetooth.rules
? ??????SUBSYSTEM=="rfkill", ACTION=="change", ATTR{name}=="bt_default", ATTR{type}=="bluetooth", ATTRS{state}=="1", ????????RUN+="/bin/systemctl start bt-attach.service"
????????SUBSYSTEM=="rfkill", ACTION=="change", ATTR{name}=="bt_default", ATTR{type}=="bluetooth", ATTRS{state}=="0", ????????RUN+="/bin/systemctl stop bt-attach.service"
????(16)? ?清理工作
? ??????$apt clean
????????$rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* ???//這里是更新源保存的臨時文件，可刪除
????(17)退出根文件系統(tǒng)
? ??????$exit
8.卸載根文件系統(tǒng)
? ??$./mount.sh -u ubuntu-rootfs
????(如果無法正常退出，請重啟電腦。)
9.打包鏡像
? ??$./mkimage.sh?ubuntu-rootfs system.img
? ? mkimage.sh的內(nèi)容：
? ??#!/bin/bash
????rootfs_dir=$1
????rootfs_file=$2
????rootfs_mnt="mnt"
????if [ ! $rootfs_dir ] || [ ! $rootfs_file ];
????then
? ? ? ? echo "Folder or target is empty."
? ? ? ? exit 0
????fi
????if [ -f "$rootfs_file" ]; then
? ? ????echo "-- Delete exist $rootfs_file ..."
? ? ????rm -f "$rootfs_file"
????fi
????echo "-- Create $rootfs_file ..."
????dd if=/dev/zero of="$rootfs_file" bs=1M count=4096
????sudo mkfs.ext4 -F -L linuxroot "$rootfs_file"
????if [ ! -d "$rootfs_mnt" ]; then
? ? ? ? mkdir $rootfs_mnt
????fi
????echo "-- Copy data to $rootfs_file ..."
????sudo mount $rootfs_file $rootfs_mnt
????sudo cp -rfp $rootfs_dir/* $rootfs_mnt
????sudo sync
????sudo umount $rootfs_mnt
????rm -r $rootfs_mnt
????echo "-- Resize $rootfs_file ..."
????/sbin/e2fsck -p -f "$rootfs_file"
????/sbin/resize2fs -M "$rootfs_file"
????echo "-- Done."
? ??????
? ??????
? ??
