LinkedList
-
介紹
LinkedList是基于雙向鏈表實(shí)現(xiàn)的;
隨機(jī)訪問頭部與尾部速度快;
隨機(jī)中間值速度較慢,因為需要移動指針;
頭部與尾部插入與刪除速度快;
中間插入就略慢一下,因為需要移動指針;
其實(shí)現(xiàn)了Deque接口;可當(dāng)一個Deque使用
重要屬性
//List的大小
transient int size = 0;
//頭部節(jié)點(diǎn)
transient Node<E> first;
//尾部節(jié)點(diǎn)
transient Node<E> last;
- add方法
public boolean add(E e) {
linkLast(e);
return true;
}
void linkLast(E e) {
//獲取尾部節(jié)點(diǎn)
final Node<E> l = last;
//創(chuàng)建新節(jié)點(diǎn),使其上一個節(jié)點(diǎn)指向尾部節(jié)點(diǎn)
final Node<E> newNode = new Node<>(l, e, null);
//更新尾部節(jié)點(diǎn)
last = newNode;
if (l == null)
//如果l是空的,說明add之前無元素,將頭部節(jié)點(diǎn)指向新節(jié)點(diǎn)
first = newNode;
else
//將原尾部節(jié)點(diǎn)指向新的節(jié)點(diǎn)
l.next = newNode;
size++;
modCount++;
}
尾部添加一個節(jié)點(diǎn)步驟:
newNode.prev=last => last.next=newNode => last=newNode
與ArrayList相比,ArrayList可能會觸發(fā)擴(kuò)容操作(影響速度),LinkedList則是直接追加道最后一個節(jié)點(diǎn)
- addLast方法
//與add方法邏輯一致
public void addLast(E e) {
linkLast(e);
}
- addFirst方法
public void addFirst(E e) {
linkFirst(e);
}
private void linkFirst(E e) {
//獲取頭節(jié)點(diǎn)
final Node<E> f = first;
//創(chuàng)建新節(jié)點(diǎn),使其下一個節(jié)點(diǎn)指向頭節(jié)點(diǎn)
final Node<E> newNode = new Node<>(null, e, f);
//更新頭節(jié)點(diǎn)
first = newNode;
if (f == null)
//將尾部節(jié)點(diǎn)指向新節(jié)點(diǎn)
last = newNode;
else
//將原頭部節(jié)點(diǎn)指向新的節(jié)點(diǎn)
f.prev = newNode;
size++;
modCount++;
}
頭部添加一個節(jié)點(diǎn)步驟:
newNode.next=first => first.prev=newNode => first=newNode
與ArrayList相比,ArrayList向頭部添加一個元素需要后面元素copy移位,還可能觸發(fā)擴(kuò)容;效率上LinkedList指定搞一些
- add方法(添加到指定位置)
public void add(int index, E element) {
//檢查index是否有越界
checkPositionIndex(index);
//index與size相等,則是往尾部添加
if (index == size)
linkLast(element);
else
linkBefore(element, node(index));
}
//往指定節(jié)點(diǎn)succ前插入一節(jié)點(diǎn)
void linkBefore(E e, Node<E> succ) {
final Node<E> pred = succ.prev;
final Node<E> newNode = new Node<>(pred, e, succ);
succ.prev = newNode;
if (pred == null)
first = newNode;
else
pred.next = newNode;
size++;
modCount++;
}
指定節(jié)點(diǎn)前插入一個新節(jié)點(diǎn)步驟:
newNode.pred=succ.prev => newNode.next=succ => succ.prev.next=newNode
與ArrayList相比,ArrayList需要移位index后元素,LinkedList需要遍歷尋找節(jié)點(diǎn)
- addAll方法
public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) {
return addAll(size, c);
}
public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) {
checkPositionIndex(index);
Object[] a = c.toArray();
int numNew = a.length;
if (numNew == 0)
return false;
Node<E> pred, succ;
if (index == size) {
succ = null;
pred = last;
} else {
succ = node(index);
pred = succ.prev;
}
for (Object o : a) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked") E e = (E) o;
Node<E> newNode = new Node<>(pred, e, null);
if (pred == null)
first = newNode;
else
pred.next = newNode;
pred = newNode;
}
if (succ == null) {
last = pred;
} else {
pred.next = succ;
succ.prev = pred;
}
size += numNew;
modCount++;
return true;
}
如果是往尾部添加的話,直接for循環(huán)往后鏈就得了;
如果不是的話,先遍歷找到index對應(yīng)的節(jié)點(diǎn),然后再往下鏈,鏈完后,與尾部接上即可了;
與ArrayList相比,ArrayList尾部添加的話,copy一次數(shù)組;ArrayList中間插入的話需copy兩次數(shù)組;
- get方法
public E get(int index) {
//檢查index是否有越界
checkElementIndex(index);
return node(index).item;
}
//根據(jù)index獲取節(jié)點(diǎn),通過遍歷子節(jié)點(diǎn)方式
Node<E> node(int index) {
//判斷如果index小于size的一半,則從頭部開始遍歷子節(jié)點(diǎn);否則從尾部遍歷子節(jié)點(diǎn)
if (index < (size >> 1)) {
Node<E> x = first;
for (int i = 0; i < index; i++)
x = x.next;
return x;
} else {
Node<E> x = last;
for (int i = size - 1; i > index; i--)
x = x.prev;
return x;
}
}
與ArrayList相比,LinkedList.get效率略低,需要遍歷子節(jié)點(diǎn)查詢。
- set方法
//根據(jù)index獲取子節(jié)點(diǎn),然后替換其值
public E set(int index, E element) {
//檢查index是否有越界
checkElementIndex(index);
Node<E> x = node(index);
E oldVal = x.item;
x.item = element;
return oldVal;
}
與ArrayList相比,LinkedList.set效率略低,需要遍歷子節(jié)點(diǎn)查詢。
- remove方法(根據(jù)元素移除)
//遍歷找到節(jié)點(diǎn),然后移除
public boolean remove(Object o) {
if (o == null) {
for (Node<E> x = first; x != null; x = x.next) {
if (x.item == null) {
unlink(x);
return true;
}
}
} else {
for (Node<E> x = first; x != null; x = x.next) {
if (o.equals(x.item)) {
unlink(x);
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}
//移除一個節(jié)點(diǎn)
E unlink(Node<E> x) {
final E element = x.item;
final Node<E> next = x.next;
final Node<E> prev = x.prev;
if (prev == null) {
first = next;
} else {
prev.next = next;
x.prev = null;
}
if (next == null) {
last = prev;
} else {
next.prev = prev;
x.next = null;
}
x.item = null;
size--;
modCount++;
return element;
}
移除一個節(jié)點(diǎn)的步驟:
x.prev.next=x.next => x.next.prev=x.prev => x...=null
與ArrayList相比,ArrayList遍歷后得到index,然后移除(需要index后元素移位),LinkedList遍歷得到節(jié)點(diǎn),直接移除。
- remove方法(根據(jù)index移除)
//遍歷獲取節(jié)點(diǎn),然后移除
public E remove(int index) {
//檢查index是否有越界
checkElementIndex(index);
return unlink(node(index));
}
與ArrayList相比,ArrayList移除元素后index后元素移位,LinkedList是遍歷取得節(jié)點(diǎn)直接移除
- clear方法
public void clear() {
for (Node<E> x = first; x != null; ) {
Node<E> next = x.next;
x.item = null;
x.next = null;
x.prev = null;
x = next;
}
first = last = null;
size = 0;
modCount++;
}
與ArrayList.clear 差不多,都是遍歷置空數(shù)據(jù)