名詞的作用:主語、輔語、受詞
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名詞的種類:單復數(shù)(可數(shù)名詞)
普通名詞: book、penal、dog、 speaceship...
集合名詞:class、family
專有名詞:人名、地名(單詞首字母大寫,前面不能加冠詞a/an,沒有單復數(shù)形式)
下列專有名詞需要加上定冠詞the
exp: The United States / The United Nations
物質(zhì)名詞(沒有形狀):glass、wood、paper、fruit、butter
數(shù)字+容器(度量衡)+of+物質(zhì)名詞
exp:
a loaf of bread / a cup of coffee
a sheet of paper / a spoonful of sugar
a handful of solt / an armful of wood
抽象名詞: beauty、honesty、love、patience、happiness、music...
exp:
- My family is large.
- My family are early risers.
- I like dogs
規(guī)則變化的復數(shù)名詞:
名字字尾加s(大部分)
名詞以s/sh/ch/x/o加es
名詞以子音+o 復數(shù)名詞加es;
exp: box->boxes、bus->buses、dish->dishes、tomato->tomatoes
例外的有:photos、pianos...名詞以子音+y 復數(shù)名詞去y加ies
exp: baby->babies、story->stories
city->cities、lady->ladies名詞字尾為f/fe=>去f/fe + ves
exp:
leaf->leaves、wife->wives、knife->knives
例外:handkerchiefs/chiefs/roofs
不規(guī)則變化的復數(shù)名詞
- 字尾為 en/ren exp: ox-oxen/child-children
- 改變母音 man-men/women-woman/goose-geese/mouse-mice/tooth-teeth
單復數(shù)同行: fish、deer、 sheep、 Chinese 、Japanese
exp:
one fish ; two fish(數(shù)量)
a kind of fish; two kind of fishes (種類)
名詞的所有格
復數(shù)名詞 => 名詞s'
字尾非s的復數(shù)名詞=> 名詞's
exp:
a girls' school、these students' teacher
the boy's schoolbag、Joan's dress、children's playground
特別注意的所有格用法分為共同所有格及個別所有格
共同所有格 => 名詞 + 名詞+...+名詞's
個別所有格=> 名詞's + 名詞's+...+名詞's
exp:
Harry and Bill's father is a scientist.
Harry's and Bill's fathers are scientists.
無生物所有格 A的B => B of A
exp:
the legs of the table 桌子的腳
the door of the/a car 車門
the girl's name / the name of the girl 女孩的名字
所有格之后的名詞(多指地點),如在居中非常容易理解時可省略
exp:
She going to the dentist's
I met him at the barber's (shop)
We like to eat lunch at Ken.
冠詞:可分為不定冠詞a/an和定冠詞the,它通常放在名詞前用來修飾名詞
a/an的用法 => a+子音開頭的單數(shù)名詞,an+母音開頭的單數(shù)名詞
exp:
a book、a girl、a young man
an apple、an umbrella、an old woman
please shut the door
the rich aren't always happy.
the + 形容詞泛指~~的人,代表復數(shù)