2018年5月21更新

對(duì)于交火顯卡，什么是交火顯卡，即lspci 出來(lái)的有3D nvidia xxx字樣，那就是交火顯卡，這類顯卡用于Linux 是不恰當(dāng)?shù)摹ｋp顯驅(qū)動(dòng)太坑，對(duì)于此類顯卡最穩(wěn)的辦法是在bios 里屏蔽獨(dú)顯，假定bios 提供了這個(gè)選項(xiàng)。其次，受黑蘋果啟發(fā)，用四葉草替換grub 配置dsdt 以屏蔽獨(dú)顯，此發(fā)略微復(fù)雜。假如一定要用獨(dú)顯，唯一可行的就是大黃蜂，大黃蜂才能真正停用獨(dú)顯，徹底改善續(xù)航。

結(jié)束

硬件

CPU:6700HQ (skylake)

GPU:GTX960m Intel HD530

硬盤：ssd+機(jī)械

內(nèi)存：8G單條

安裝Ubuntu16.04

安裝方式：光盤鏡像USB安裝 過(guò)程略（教程比比皆是）

遇到的問(wèn)題：

1.顯卡驅(qū)動(dòng)

表現(xiàn)：1.卡在開機(jī)紫屏? 2.不能關(guān)機(jī) 不能休眠3.異常的分辨率4文本模式卡死

解決方式：開機(jī)時(shí)grub添加nomodeset，添加在哪，還請(qǐng)問(wèn)度娘。其目的為屏蔽掉顯示驅(qū)動(dòng)程序。開機(jī)后從附加驅(qū)動(dòng)中添加專用驅(qū)動(dòng)必須包括，n卡的專用驅(qū)動(dòng)。Intel微代碼為可選（我添加了），等待安裝完成，之后重啟。重啟后應(yīng)該可以正常開機(jī)且不會(huì)卡在紫色屏幕。此時(shí)使用的是n卡，詳見(jiàn)應(yīng)用nvidia Xserver settings應(yīng)用。打開nvidia Xserver settings，找到prime profiles切換到核顯，對(duì)于筆記本而言功耗時(shí)非常重要的，注銷后切換生效。此刻遇到關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題，關(guān)機(jī)卡死。這是不是n卡的鍋，而是內(nèi)核的鍋。如果使用Ctrl+ ALT+F1等切換文本，屏幕會(huì)冒出^@，按大寫字母鎖定鍵會(huì)產(chǎn)生奇跡。這都是內(nèi)核的鍋。強(qiáng)制關(guān)機(jī)后重啟，grub菜單選擇Ubuntu高級(jí)選項(xiàng)，使用4.4內(nèi)核啟動(dòng)。啟動(dòng)后完美， 卸載其他多余內(nèi)核，或更改首選內(nèi)核（具體問(wèn)度娘）。至此顯卡問(wèn)題結(jié)束。

帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題：藍(lán)牙連接手機(jī)后，不能使用手機(jī)控制音樂(lè)音量（電腦當(dāng)音響用）

2.功耗

表現(xiàn)：硬盤不休息，風(fēng)扇狂轉(zhuǎn)

解決方式：安裝tlp，建議使用其他ppa安裝，版本最新版0(截止2018年2月，最新版為1.1.1）。默認(rèn)的tlp能有效的降低功耗，在此奉上我的tlp配置。注意，不同的硬件需要個(gè)性化修改。英文說(shuō)明已將用法說(shuō)明的很明了了。

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# tlp - Parameters for power saving

# See full explanation: http://linrunner.de/en/tlp/docs/tlp-configuration.html

# Hint: some features are disabled by default, remove the

leading # to enable

# them.

# Set to 0 to disable, 1 to enable TLP.

TLP_ENABLE=1

# Operation mode when no power supply can be detected: AC, BAT.

# Concerns some desktop and embedded hardware only.

TLP_DEFAULT_MODE=AC

# Operation mode select: 0=depend on power source, 1=always

use TLP_DEFAULT_MODE

# Hint: use in conjunction with TLP_DEFAULT_MODE=BAT for BAT

settings on AC.

TLP_PERSISTENT_DEFAULT=0

# Seconds laptop mode has to wait after the disk goes idle

before doing a sync.

# Non-zero value enables, zero disables laptop mode.

DISK_IDLE_SECS_ON_AC=0

DISK_IDLE_SECS_ON_BAT=2

# Dirty page values (timeouts in secs).

MAX_LOST_WORK_SECS_ON_AC=15

MAX_LOST_WORK_SECS_ON_BAT=60

# Hint: CPU parameters below are disabled by default, remove

the leading #

# to enable them, otherwise kernel default values are used.

# Select a CPU frequency scaling governor.

# Intel Core i processor with intel_pstate driver:

#? powersave(*),performance.

# Older hardware with acpi-cpufreq driver:

#? ondemand(*),powersave, performance, conservative, schedutil.

# (*) is recommended.

# Hint: use tlp-stat -p to show the active driver and

available governors.

# Important:

#? powersave forintel_pstate and ondemand for acpi-cpufreq are power

#? efficient for*almost all* workloads and therefore kernel and most

#? distributions havechosen them as defaults. If you still want to change,

#? you should knowwhat you're doing! You *must* disable your distribution's

#? governor settingsor conflicts will occur.

CPU_SCALING_GOVERNOR_ON_AC=powersave

CPU_SCALING_GOVERNOR_ON_BAT=powersave

# Set the min/max frequency available for the scaling

governor.

# Possible values strongly depend on your CPU. For available

frequencies see

# the output of tlp-stat -p.

#CPU_SCALING_MIN_FREQ_ON_AC=0

#CPU_SCALING_MAX_FREQ_ON_AC=0

#CPU_SCALING_MIN_FREQ_ON_BAT=0

#CPU_SCALING_MAX_FREQ_ON_BAT=0

# Set energy performance hints (HWP) for Intel P-state

governor:

#? performance,balance_performance, default, balance_power, power

# Values are given in order of increasing power saving.

# Note: Intel Skylake or newer CPU and Kernel >= 4.10

required.

CPU_HWP_ON_AC=balance_performance

CPU_HWP_ON_BAT=power

# Set Intel P-state performance: 0..100 (%).

# Limit the max/min P-state to control the power dissipation

of the CPU.

# Values are stated as a percentage of the available

performance.

# Requires an Intel Core i processor with intel_pstate

driver.

CPU_MIN_PERF_ON_AC=0

CPU_MAX_PERF_ON_AC=100

CPU_MIN_PERF_ON_BAT=0

CPU_MAX_PERF_ON_BAT=10

# Set the CPU "turbo boost" feature: 0=disable,

1=allow

# Requires an Intel Core i processor.

# Important:

# - This may conflict with your distribution's governor

settings

# - A value of 1 does *not* activate boosting, it just allows

it

#CPU_BOOST_ON_AC=1

#CPU_BOOST_ON_BAT=0

# Minimize number of used CPU cores/hyper-threads under light

load conditions:

#? 0=disable,1=enable.

SCHED_POWERSAVE_ON_AC=0

SCHED_POWERSAVE_ON_BAT=1

# Kernel NMI Watchdog:

#? 0=disable (default,saves power), 1=enable (for kernel debugging only).

NMI_WATCHDOG=0

# Change CPU voltages aka "undervolting" - Kernel

with PHC patch required.

# Frequency voltage pairs are written to:

#? /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/phc_controls

# CAUTION: only use this, if you thoroughly understand what

you are doing!

#PHC_CONTROLS="F:V F:V F:V F:V"

# Set CPU performance versus energy savings policy:

#? performance,balance-performance, default, balance-power, power.

# Values are given in order of increasing power saving.

# Requires kernel module msr and x86_energy_perf_policy from

linux-tools.

ENERGY_PERF_POLICY_ON_AC=balance-performance

ENERGY_PERF_POLICY_ON_BAT=power

# Disk devices; separate multiple devices with spaces

(default: sda).

# Devices can be specified by disk ID also (lookup with: tlp

diskid).

DISK_DEVICES="sda sdb"

# Disk advanced power management level: 1..254, 255 (max

saving, min, off).

# Levels 1..127 may spin down the disk; 255 allowable on most

drives.

# Separate values for multiple disks with spaces. Use the

special value 'keep'

# to keep the hardware default for the particular disk.

DISK_APM_LEVEL_ON_AC="keep keep"

DISK_APM_LEVEL_ON_BAT="1 1"

# Hard disk spin down timeout:

#? 0:? ? ? ? spin down disabled

#? 1..240:? timeouts from 5s to 20min (in units of 5s)

#? 241..251: timeoutsfrom 30min to 5.5 hours (in units of 30min)

# See 'man hdparm' for details.

# Separate values for multiple disks with spaces. Use the

special value 'keep'

# to keep the hardware default for the particular disk.

DISK_SPINDOWN_TIMEOUT_ON_AC="240 240"

DISK_SPINDOWN_TIMEOUT_ON_BAT="120 120"

# Select IO scheduler for the disk devices: cfq, deadline,

noop (Default: cfq).

# Separate values for multiple disks with spaces. Use the

special value 'keep'

# to keep the kernel default scheduler for the particular

disk.

#DISK_IOSCHED="cfq cfq"

# AHCI link power management (ALPM) for disk devices:

#? min_power,med_power_with_dipm(*), medium_power, max_performance.

# (*) Kernel >= 4.15 required, then recommended.

# Multiple values separated with spaces are tried

sequentially until success.

SATA_LINKPWR_ON_AC="med_power_with_dipm

max_performance"

SATA_LINKPWR_ON_BAT="med_power_with_dipm min_power"

# Exclude host devices from AHCI link power management.

# Separate multiple hosts with spaces.

#SATA_LINKPWR_BLACKLIST="host1"

# Runtime Power Management for AHCI host and disks devices:

#? on=disable,auto=enable.

# EXPERIMENTAL ** WARNING: auto will most likely cause system

lockups/data loss.

#AHCI_RUNTIME_PM_ON_AC=on

#AHCI_RUNTIME_PM_ON_BAT=on

# Seconds of inactivity before disk is suspended.

AHCI_RUNTIME_PM_TIMEOUT=15

# PCI Express Active State Power Management (PCIe ASPM):

#? default,performance, powersave.

PCIE_ASPM_ON_AC=performance

PCIE_ASPM_ON_BAT=powersave

# Radeon graphics clock speed (profile method): low, mid,

high, auto, default;

# auto = mid on BAT, high on AC; default = use hardware

defaults.

#RADEON_POWER_PROFILE_ON_AC=high

#RADEON_POWER_PROFILE_ON_BAT=low

# Radeon dynamic power management method (DPM): battery,

performance.

#RADEON_DPM_STATE_ON_AC=performance

#RADEON_DPM_STATE_ON_BAT=battery

# Radeon DPM performance level: auto, low, high; auto is

recommended.

#RADEON_DPM_PERF_LEVEL_ON_AC=auto

#RADEON_DPM_PERF_LEVEL_ON_BAT=auto

# WiFi power saving mode: on=enable, off=disable; not

supported by all adapters.

WIFI_PWR_ON_AC=off

WIFI_PWR_ON_BAT=on

# Disable wake on LAN: Y/N.

WOL_DISABLE=Y

# Enable audio power saving for Intel HDA, AC97 devices

(timeout in secs).

# A value of 0 disables, >=1 enables power saving

(recommended: 1).

SOUND_POWER_SAVE_ON_AC=0

SOUND_POWER_SAVE_ON_BAT=1

# Disable controller too (HDA only): Y/N.

SOUND_POWER_SAVE_CONTROLLER=Y

# Power off optical drive in UltraBay/MediaBay: 0=disable,

1=enable.

# Drive can be powered on again by releasing (and

reinserting) the eject lever

# or by pressing the disc eject button on newer models.

# Note: an UltraBay/MediaBay hard disk is never powered off.

BAY_POWEROFF_ON_AC=0

BAY_POWEROFF_ON_BAT=0

# Optical drive device to power off (default sr0).

BAY_DEVICE="sr0"

# Runtime Power Management for PCI(e) bus devices:

on=disable, auto=enable.

RUNTIME_PM_ON_AC=on

RUNTIME_PM_ON_BAT=auto

# Exclude PCI(e) device adresses the following list from

Runtime PM

# (separate with spaces). Use lspci to get the adresses (1st

column).

#RUNTIME_PM_BLACKLIST="bb:dd.f 11:22.3 44:55.6"

# Exclude PCI(e) devices assigned to the listed drivers from

Runtime PM.

# Default when unconfigured is "amdgpu nouveau nvidia

radeon" which

# prevents accidential power-on of dGPU in hybrid graphics

setups.

# Use "" to disable the feature completely.

# Separate multiple drivers with spaces.

#RUNTIME_PM_DRIVER_BLACKLIST="amdgpu nouveau nvidia

radeon"

# Set to 0 to disable, 1 to enable USB autosuspend feature.

USB_AUTOSUSPEND=1

# Exclude listed devices from USB autosuspend (separate with

spaces).

# Use lsusb to get the ids.

# Note: input devices (usbhid) are excluded automatically

#USB_BLACKLIST="1111:2222 3333:4444"

# Bluetooth devices are excluded from USB autosuspend:

#? 0=do not exclude,1=exclude.

USB_BLACKLIST_BTUSB=0

# Phone devices are excluded from USB autosuspend:

#? 0=do not exclude,1=exclude (enable charging).

USB_BLACKLIST_PHONE=0

# Printers are excluded from USB autosuspend:

#? 0=do not exclude,1=exclude.

USB_BLACKLIST_PRINTER=1

# WWAN devices are excluded from USB autosuspend:

#? 0=do not exclude,1=exclude.

USB_BLACKLIST_WWAN=1

# Include listed devices into USB autosuspend even if already

excluded

# by the blacklists above (separate with spaces).

# Use lsusb to get the ids.

#USB_WHITELIST="1111:2222 3333:4444"

# Set to 1 to disable autosuspend before shutdown, 0 to do

nothing

# (workaround for USB devices that cause shutdown problems).

#USB_AUTOSUSPEND_DISABLE_ON_SHUTDOWN=1

# Restore radio device state (Bluetooth, WiFi, WWAN) from

previous shutdown

# on system startup: 0=disable, 1=enable.

# Hint: the parameters

DEVICES_TO_DISABLE/ENABLE_ON_STARTUP/SHUTDOWN below

#? are ignored whenthis is enabled!

RESTORE_DEVICE_STATE_ON_STARTUP=0

# Radio devices to disable on startup: bluetooth, wifi, wwan.

# Separate multiple devices with spaces.

#DEVICES_TO_DISABLE_ON_STARTUP="bluetooth wifi

wwan"

# Radio devices to enable on startup: bluetooth, wifi, wwan.

# Separate multiple devices with spaces.

#DEVICES_TO_ENABLE_ON_STARTUP="wifi"

# Radio devices to disable on shutdown: bluetooth, wifi,

wwan.

# (workaround for devices that are blocking shutdown).

#DEVICES_TO_DISABLE_ON_SHUTDOWN="bluetooth wifi

wwan"

# Radio devices to enable on shutdown: bluetooth, wifi, wwan.

# (to prevent other operating systems from missing radios).

#DEVICES_TO_ENABLE_ON_SHUTDOWN="wwan"

# Radio devices to enable on AC: bluetooth, wifi, wwan.

#DEVICES_TO_ENABLE_ON_AC="bluetooth wifi wwan"

# Radio devices to disable on battery: bluetooth, wifi, wwan.

#DEVICES_TO_DISABLE_ON_BAT="bluetooth wifi wwan"

# Radio devices to disable on battery when not in use (not

connected):

#? bluetooth, wifi, wwan.

#DEVICES_TO_DISABLE_ON_BAT_NOT_IN_USE="bluetooth wifi

wwan"

# Battery charge thresholds (ThinkPad only, tp-smapi or

acpi-call kernel module

# required). Charging starts when the remaining capacity

falls below the

# START_CHARGE_THRESH value and stops when exceeding the

STOP_CHARGE_THRESH value.

# Main / Internal battery (values in %)

#START_CHARGE_THRESH_BAT0=75

#STOP_CHARGE_THRESH_BAT0=80

# Ultrabay / Slice / Replaceable battery (values in %)

#START_CHARGE_THRESH_BAT1=75

#STOP_CHARGE_THRESH_BAT1=80

# Restore charge thresholds when AC is unplugged: 0=disable,

1=enable.

#RESTORE_THRESHOLDS_ON_BAT=1

#

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# tlp-rdw - Parameters for the radio device wizard

# Possible devices: bluetooth, wifi, wwan.

# Hints:

# - Parameters are disabled by default, remove the leading #

to enable them

# - Separate multiple radio devices with spaces

# Radio devices to disable on connect.

#DEVICES_TO_DISABLE_ON_LAN_CONNECT="wifi wwan"

#DEVICES_TO_DISABLE_ON_WIFI_CONNECT="wwan"

#DEVICES_TO_DISABLE_ON_WWAN_CONNECT="wifi"

# Radio devices to enable on disconnect.

#DEVICES_TO_ENABLE_ON_LAN_DISCONNECT="wifi wwan"

#DEVICES_TO_ENABLE_ON_WIFI_DISCONNECT=""

#DEVICES_TO_ENABLE_ON_WWAN_DISCONNECT=""

# Radio devices to enable/disable when docked.

#DEVICES_TO_ENABLE_ON_DOCK=""

#DEVICES_TO_DISABLE_ON_DOCK=""

# Radio devices to enable/disable when undocked.

#DEVICES_TO_ENABLE_ON_UNDOCK="wifi"

#DEVICES_TO_DISABLE_ON_UNDOCK=""

使用后的效果，拔掉電源，風(fēng)扇安靜，電流1832mA（僅運(yùn)行桌面，亮度中等，預(yù)測(cè)使用時(shí)間2小時(shí)半）

ps：使用

sudo tlp stat

產(chǎn)看tlp狀態(tài)

存在的疑惑：

由于是本本有單獨(dú)的獨(dú)顯風(fēng)扇，切換核顯后，獨(dú)顯風(fēng)扇時(shí)不時(shí)的自己會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)（熱風(fēng)），疑似獨(dú)顯并沒(méi)有完全關(guān)停，從顯示性能上看確實(shí)為核顯性能。甚為不解。安裝psensor檢測(cè)溫度，切換獨(dú)顯后，測(cè)試顯示性能（千魚測(cè)試），cpu與n卡溫度雙雙狂飆，難道核顯沒(méi)歇著？？？