前言
Flutter是Google開源的構建用戶界面(UI)工具包,幫助開發(fā)者通過一套代碼庫高效構建多平臺精美應用,支持移動、Web、桌面和嵌入式平臺。Flutter 開源、免費,擁有寬松的開源協(xié)議,適合商業(yè)項目。目前,Flutter已推出穩(wěn)定的2.0版本。也是目前最火的跨平臺開發(fā)工具之一

創(chuàng)建AndroidView
將Flutter中的Android項目使用AndroidStudio打開,然后在app的包名下新建一個View實現(xiàn)io.flutter.plugin.platform.PlatformView接口,使用PlatformView就可以將AndroidView嵌入到Flutter視圖中去,由于需要進行視圖對象創(chuàng)建所以在構造函數(shù)添加context
-
getView返回你需要嵌入的AndroidView -
dispose調用此方法后,PlatformView對象將不可用。調用此方法后,實現(xiàn)PlatformView的插件必須清除對View對象和PlatformView的所有引用。 如果不這樣做將導致內存泄漏。
import android.content.Context
import android.widget.TextView
import io.flutter.plugin.platform.PlatformView
class CustomerView(context: Context):PlatformView {
val textView: TextView = TextView(context).apply {
text = "Test View in Android "
}
override fun getView() = textView
override fun dispose() {
}
}
注冊AndroidView
新建一個類繼承自PlatformViewFactory,在其中創(chuàng)建我們的View
import android.content.Context
import io.flutter.plugin.common.StandardMessageCodec
import io.flutter.plugin.platform.PlatformView
import io.flutter.plugin.platform.PlatformViewFactory
class CustomerViewFactory : PlatformViewFactory(StandardMessageCodec.INSTANCE){
override fun create(context: Context, viewId: Int, args: Any?): PlatformView {
return CustomerView(context)
}
}
新建一個類繼承自FlutterPlugin
import io.flutter.embedding.engine.plugins.FlutterPlugin
class CustomerViewPlugin : FlutterPlugin {
override fun onAttachedToEngine(binding: FlutterPlugin.FlutterPluginBinding) {
binding.platformViewRegistry.registerViewFactory("plugins.flutter.io/my_custom_platform_view",CustomerViewFactory())
}
override fun onDetachedFromEngine(binding: FlutterPlugin.FlutterPluginBinding) {
}
}
在MainActivity中添加上述的Plugin,registerViewFactory中的viewTypeId參數(shù)是一個唯一標識字符串,后續(xù)將引用在flutter視圖中
import io.flutter.embedding.android.FlutterActivity
import io.flutter.embedding.engine.FlutterEngine
class MainActivity: FlutterActivity() {
override fun configureFlutterEngine(flutterEngine: FlutterEngine) {
super.configureFlutterEngine(flutterEngine)
flutterEngine.plugins.add(CustomerViewPlugin())
}
}
在Flutter中引用AndroidView
class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage> {
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Scaffold(
appBar: AppBar(
// Here we take the value from the MyHomePage object that was created by
// the App.build method, and use it to set our appbar title.
title: Text(widget.title),
),
body: MyCustomerPlatformView(), // This trailing comma makes auto-formatting nicer for build methods.
);
}
}
class MyCustomerPlatformView extends StatelessWidget {
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
if (defaultTargetPlatform == TargetPlatform.android) {
return AndroidView(viewType: ("plugins.flutter.io/my_custom_platform_view"));
} else {
return Text("No support this View");
}
}
}

Flutter與原生之間相互交互
上述案例中我們只是簡單地額嵌入了一個原生View,這種只適用于一個靜態(tài)頁面的處理,如果需要頁面之間動態(tài)交互,則需要添加一些額外的配置,交互無非就是你可以調用我的功能,我可以調用你的功能
MethodChannel
用于兩端的相互調用,并且可以返回結果,Native調用Flutter時需要在主線程中進行
Flutter發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)/調用Native端
- 在Flutter中創(chuàng)建
MethodChannel
var channel = MethodChannel("samples.flutter.dev/callNative");
2.在Flutter中通過channel發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)給到Native,通過invokeMethod函數(shù)發(fā)送到Native,然后當返回信息時將其進行顯示
Container(
alignment: Alignment.center,
child: GestureDetector(
child: Text('Click to call Native'),
onTap: () async {
String result = await channel.invokeMethod("callNative", {"id": "1", "value": "Mike"});
showDialog(context: context, builder: (context){
return AlertDialog(title: Text("提示"),content: Text(result));
}
);
},
),
)
3.在Android中定義相關的接受,onMethodCall可以接受到此channel對應的調用,兩端之間channel之間的關聯(lián)是通過name,也就是這里給的samples.flutter.dev/NativeChannel,result.success()是本次調用反饋的結果
class NativeMethodChannel(messenger: BinaryMessenger) : MethodChannel.MethodCallHandler {
val channel = MethodChannel(messenger, "samples.flutter.dev/NativeChannel")
init {
channel.setMethodCallHandler(this)
}
override fun onMethodCall(call: MethodCall, result: MethodChannel.Result) {
if (call.method == "callNative") {
val value = call.argument<String>("value")
result.success("Received it: value is $value")
}
}
}
4.在Native的MainActivity中對NativeMethodChannel進行注冊,這樣它才會持續(xù)監(jiān)聽
override fun configureFlutterEngine(flutterEngine: FlutterEngine) {
super.configureFlutterEngine(flutterEngine)
NativeMethodChannel(flutterEngine.dartExecutor.binaryMessenger)
}

Android發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)/調用Flutter端
Android端
channel.invokeMethod("callFlutter","張三",object:MethodChannel.Result{
override fun success(result: Any?) {
Log.e("Mike","result $result")
}
override fun error(errorCode: String?, errorMessage: String?, errorDetails: Any?) {
}
override fun notImplemented() {
}
})
Flutter端接收
@override
void initState() {
super.initState();
channel.setMethodCallHandler((call) {
print("flutter called by native ${call.arguments}");
return Future.value("res");
});
}
BasicMessageChannel
EventChannel
他們的功能以及使用方式與MethodChannel相似
MethodChannel,BasicMessageChannel,EventChannel的區(qū)別與選擇
-
MethodChannel使用異步的方式與原生進行交流,用于比如需要調用原生的某些功能,但是原生需要耗時返回的情況,這種事有返回值的調用,支持數(shù)據(jù)雙向傳遞 -
EventChannel是用來返回監(jiān)聽各個階段的狀態(tài),沒有返回值,并且只支持單向,只支持原生傳遞數(shù)據(jù)給Flutter,可以用來監(jiān)聽某些特殊原生功能的狀態(tài) -
BasicMessageChannel用于傳遞字符串和半結構化的消息
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Android 知識整理