實(shí)驗(yàn)題目

設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)多文檔界面的Windows應(yīng)用程序，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)對(duì)文檔的簡(jiǎn)單處理，包括：打開(kāi)、關(guān)閉、保存文件，復(fù)制、剪切、粘貼、撤銷等文本處理功能，同時(shí)可以做出相關(guān)拓展。

實(shí)驗(yàn)方案

1、新建一個(gè)Windows窗體應(yīng)用
2、分析：根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)要求，首先需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建一個(gè)父窗體，父窗體包含對(duì)富文本編輯的相關(guān)功能菜單，然后子窗體是富文本輸入編輯框，其中還需要實(shí)現(xiàn)查找與替換功能，所以需要設(shè)計(jì)這三個(gè)主要的界面。

• 父窗體設(shè)計(jì)
  Name：Form1；屬性IsMdiContainer設(shè)置為“True”。

  
  
  父窗體.png

• 子窗體設(shè)計(jì)
  窗口名稱為：Form2；富文本（RichText）編輯界面名稱使用默認(rèn)名稱（rTBDoc），屬性Dock值設(shè)置為：Fill（鋪滿窗口），屬性Modifiers值設(shè)置為：Public。

  
  
  子窗體.png

• 查找與替換
  窗口Name：FormFind,修改屬性MaximizeBox=False，MinimizeBox=False，表示沒(méi)有最大化和最小化按鈕，既不能最大化和最小化。FormBorderStyle=FixedDialog，窗口不能修改大小。
  屬性Text="查找和替換"。
  在窗體中增加兩個(gè)Label控件，屬性Text分別為"查找字符串"和"替換字符串"。兩個(gè)TextBox控件，屬性Text=""。
  兩個(gè)按鈕，屬性Text分別為"查找下一個(gè)"和"替換"。修改屬性TopMost=true，使該窗口打開(kāi)時(shí)總在其它窗體的前邊。

  
  
  查找和替換.png

實(shí)現(xiàn)功能

基本的修改字體格式、顏色、復(fù)制、粘貼、撤銷、插入圖片等功能。
大部分的功能實(shí)現(xiàn)起來(lái)比較簡(jiǎn)單，使用函數(shù)即可，下面詳細(xì)介紹幾個(gè)稍微復(fù)雜一點(diǎn)功能的實(shí)現(xiàn)。

1.查找與替換功能

• 實(shí)現(xiàn)的重點(diǎn)在于 FindRichTextBoxString(string FindString)和 ReplaceRichTextBoxString(string ReplaceString)兩個(gè)函數(shù)。
• 基本思路是將textbox中接受到的字符串在文本中尋找，因?yàn)榭赡懿恢挂粋€(gè)位置，所以設(shè)置變量FindPostion來(lái)記錄查找位置。在每次查找任務(wù)下達(dá)后，F(xiàn)indPostion置為零。開(kāi)始查找后，F(xiàn)indPostion隨著查找而增加。一直查找到文章末尾，F(xiàn)indPostion置為零。
• 有一個(gè)小細(xì)節(jié)是找到一次之后FindPostion要加上字符串長(zhǎng)度，使得下次查找的開(kāi)始位置在此次找到字符串之后。
• 另外一個(gè)小細(xì)節(jié)是每次找到之后要使用focus函數(shù)講焦點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移到原來(lái)的窗口上，這樣才能看到找到的標(biāo)藍(lán)位置。

• 功能展示

  
  
  查找.png
  
  
  查找.png
  
  
  查找.png

替換.png

2.保存和另存為的功能

• 保存文檔時(shí)課本上的代碼沒(méi)有考慮到是新建文檔還是打開(kāi)已有文檔，可能會(huì)造成保存多個(gè)相似文檔，用戶體驗(yàn)不太好。
• 思路：設(shè)置一個(gè)bool變量isSaved，在文檔新建、保存，等時(shí)候設(shè)置記錄文檔的狀態(tài)，再次保存的時(shí)候，加一個(gè)if判斷即可。
• 拓展：可以再設(shè)置一個(gè)bool變量isChanged，這樣在關(guān)閉的時(shí)候可以檢測(cè)是否保存過(guò)給予提醒

• 功能展示

  
  
  保存.png

3.插入圖片

• 功能比較簡(jiǎn)單，模仿新建文檔即可.
• 要把SaveFileDialog換成OpenFileDialog。

private void 插入圖片_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            OpenFileDialog openFileDialog1 = new OpenFileDialog();
            openFileDialog1.Filter = "圖片文件|*.jpg|所有文件|*.*";
            formRichText = (Form2)this.ActiveMdiChild;
            if (openFileDialog1.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
            {
                Clipboard.SetDataObject(Image.FromFile(openFileDialog1.FileName), false);
                formRichText.rTBDoc.Paste();
            }
        }

• 功能展示

  
  
  插入圖片.png

代碼展示

Form1

em;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Drawing.Text;
using System.Web;
//using System.Web.UI;

namespace SimpleMDIExample
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form2 formRichText;
        int FindPostion = 0;
        public void FindRichTextBoxString(string FindString)//查找
        {
            formRichText = (Form2)this.ActiveMdiChild;
            if (FindPostion >= formRichText.Text.Length)//已查到文本底部
            {
                MessageBox.Show("已到文本底部,再次查找將從文本開(kāi)始處查找", "提示", MessageBoxButtons.OK);
                FindPostion = 0;
                return;
            }//下邊語(yǔ)句進(jìn)行查找，返回找到的位置，返回-1，表示未找到，參數(shù)1是要找的字符串
             //參數(shù)2是查找的開(kāi)始位置，參數(shù)3是查找的一些選項(xiàng)，如大小寫是否匹配，查找方向等
            FindPostion = formRichText.rTBDoc.Find(FindString,FindPostion, RichTextBoxFinds.MatchCase);
            if (FindPostion == -1)//如果未找到
            {
                MessageBox.Show("已到文本底部,再次查找將從文本開(kāi)始處查找",
            "提示", MessageBoxButtons.OK);
                FindPostion = 0;//下次查找的開(kāi)始位置
            }
            else//已找到
            {
                ((Form2)this.ActiveMdiChild).rTBDoc.Focus();//主窗體成為注視窗口
                //formRichText.Focus();
                FindPostion += FindString.Length;
            }//下次查找的開(kāi)始位置在此次找到字符串之后
        }

        public void ReplaceRichTextBoxString(string ReplaceString)//替換
        {
            if (formRichText.rTBDoc.SelectedText.Length != 0)//如果選取了字符串
                formRichText.rTBDoc.SelectedText = ReplaceString;//替換被選的字符串
        }
            public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();

        }

        private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {

        }

        private void MenuStrip1_ItemClicked(object sender, ToolStripItemClickedEventArgs e)
        {

        }
        private int _Num = 1;
        private void Form1_Load_1(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            tSCbBoxFontName.DropDownItems.Clear();
            InstalledFontCollection ifc = new InstalledFontCollection();
            FontFamily[] ffs = ifc.Families;
            foreach (FontFamily ff in ffs)
                tSCbBoxFontName.DropDownItems.Add(ff.GetName(1));
            LayoutMdi(MdiLayout.Cascade);
            Text = "多文本編輯器";
            WindowState = FormWindowState.Maximized;
        }

        private void 窗口層疊ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            LayoutMdi(MdiLayout.Cascade);
            this.窗口層疊ToolStripMenuItem.Checked = true;
            this.垂直平鋪ToolStripMenuItem.Checked = false;
            this.水平平鋪ToolStripMenuItem.Checked = false;
        }

        private void 水平平鋪ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            LayoutMdi(MdiLayout.TileHorizontal);
            this.窗口層疊ToolStripMenuItem.Checked = false;
            this.垂直平鋪ToolStripMenuItem.Checked = false;
            this.水平平鋪ToolStripMenuItem.Checked = true;
        }

        private void 垂直平鋪ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            LayoutMdi(MdiLayout.TileVertical);
            this.窗口層疊ToolStripMenuItem.Checked = false;
            this.垂直平鋪ToolStripMenuItem.Checked = true;
            this.水平平鋪ToolStripMenuItem.Checked = false;
        }
        private void NewDoc()
        {
            formRichText = new Form2();
            formRichText.MdiParent = this;
            formRichText.Text = "文檔" + _Num;
            formRichText.WindowState = FormWindowState.Maximized;
            formRichText.Show();
            formRichText.Activate();
            _Num++;
            formRichText.isSaved = false;
        }

        private void 新建ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            NewDoc();
        }

        private void 打開(kāi)ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            OpenFileDialog openfiledialog1 = new OpenFileDialog();
            openfiledialog1.Filter =
                "RTF格式(*.rtf)|*.rtf|文本文件（*.txt)|*.txt|所有文件（*.*）|*.*";
            openfiledialog1.Multiselect = false;
            formRichText = new Form2();
            if (openfiledialog1.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
            {
                try
                {
                    NewDoc();
                    _Num--;
                    formRichText.isSaved = true;
                    if (openfiledialog1.FilterIndex == 1)
                        ((Form2)this.ActiveMdiChild).rTBDoc.LoadFile
                        (openfiledialog1.FileName, RichTextBoxStreamType.RichText);
                    else
                        ((Form2)this.ActiveMdiChild).rTBDoc.LoadFile
                        (openfiledialog1.FileName, RichTextBoxStreamType.PlainText);
                    ((Form2)this.ActiveMdiChild).Text = openfiledialog1.FileName;
                }
                catch
                {
                    MessageBox.Show("打開(kāi)失??！", "錯(cuò)誤", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
                }
            }
            openfiledialog1.Dispose();
        }

        private void 保存ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            Save();  
                }

        private void 關(guān)閉ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if(this.MdiChildren.Count()>0)
            {
                //if(!((Form2)this.ActiveMdiChild).isSaved)
                  if (MessageBox.Show("當(dāng)前文件還未保存，確定要關(guān)閉當(dāng)前文檔嗎", "提示", MessageBoxButtons.OKCancel, MessageBoxIcon.Information) == DialogResult.OK)
                    ((Form2)this.ActiveMdiChild).Close();
                //else ((Form2)this.ActiveMdiChild).Close();
            }
            
        }

        private void 退出ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if(MessageBox.Show("確定退出應(yīng)用程序嗎？","提示",MessageBoxButtons.OKCancel,MessageBoxIcon.Information)==DialogResult.OK)
            {
                foreach (Form2 fd in this.MdiChildren)
                    fd.Close();
                Application.Exit();
            }
        }

        private void TSCbBoxFontName_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if(this.MdiChildren.Count()>0)
            {
                RichTextBox tempRTB = new RichTextBox();
                int RtbStart = ((Form2)this.ActiveMdiChild).rTBDoc.SelectionStart;
                int len = ((Form2)this.ActiveMdiChild).rTBDoc.SelectionLength;
                int tempRtbStart = 0;
                Font font = ((Form2)this.ActiveMdiChild).rTBDoc.SelectionFont;
                if(len<=0&&null!=font)
                {
                    ((Form2)this.ActiveMdiChild).rTBDoc.Font = new Font(tSCbBoxFontName.Text, Font.Size, font.Style);
                    return;
                }
                tempRTB.Rtf = ((Form2)this.ActiveMdiChild).rTBDoc.SelectedRtf;
                for(int i=0;i<len;i++)
                {
                    tempRTB.Select(tempRtbStart + i, 1);
                    tempRTB.SelectionFont = new Font(tSCbBoxFontName.Text, tempRTB.SelectionFont.Size, tempRTB.SelectionFont.Style);
                }
                tempRTB.Select(tempRtbStart, len);
                ((Form2)this.ActiveMdiChild).rTBDoc.SelectedRtf = tempRTB.SelectedRtf;
                ((Form2)this.ActiveMdiChild).rTBDoc.Focus();
                tempRTB.Dispose();
            }
        }

        private void ChangeRTBFontStyle(RichTextBox rtb,FontStyle style)
        {
            if (style != FontStyle.Bold & style != FontStyle.Italic && style != FontStyle.Underline)
                throw new System.InvalidProgramException("字體格式錯(cuò)誤");
            RichTextBox tempRTB = new RichTextBox();
            int curRtbStart = rtb.SelectionStart;
            int len = rtb.SelectionLength;
            int tempRtbStart = 0;
            Font font = rtb.SelectionFont;
            if(len<=0&&font!=null)
            {
                if (style == FontStyle.Bold && font.Bold || style == FontStyle.Italic && font.Italic || style == FontStyle.Underline && font.Underline)
                    rtb.Font = new Font(font, font.Style ^ style);
                else
                    if (style == FontStyle.Bold && !font.Bold || style == FontStyle.Italic && !font.Italic || style == FontStyle.Underline && !font.Underline)
                    rtb.Font = new Font(font, font.Style | style);
                return;

            }
            tempRTB.Rtf = rtb.SelectedRtf;
            tempRTB.Select(len - 1, 1);//克隆選中文字Font，用來(lái)判斷
            Font tempFont = (Font)tempRTB.SelectionFont.Clone();
            for(int i=0;i<len;i++)
            {
                tempRTB.Select(tempRtbStart + i, 1);
                if (style == FontStyle.Bold && tempFont.Bold ||
                    style == FontStyle.Italic && tempFont.Italic ||
                    style == FontStyle.Underline && tempFont.Underline)
                    tempRTB.SelectionFont = new Font(tempRTB.SelectionFont, tempRTB.SelectionFont.Style ^ style);
                else
                    if (style == FontStyle.Bold && !tempFont.Bold ||
                    style == FontStyle.Italic && !tempFont.Italic ||
                    style == FontStyle.Underline && !tempFont.Underline)
                    tempRTB.SelectionFont = new Font(tempRTB.SelectionFont, tempRTB.SelectionFont.Style | style);
            }
            tempRTB.Select(tempRtbStart, len);
            rtb.Select(curRtbStart, len);
            rtb.Focus();
            tempRTB.Dispose();

        }

        private void 粗體toolStripButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            formRichText = (Form2)this.ActiveMdiChild;
            //Font newFont = new Font(formRichText.rTBDoc.Font, FontStyle.Bold);
            //formRichText.rTBDoc.Font = newFont;
            if (this.MdiChildren.Count() > 0)
            ChangeRTBFontStyle(formRichText.rTBDoc, FontStyle.Bold);
        }

        private void 斜體toolStripButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (this.MdiChildren.Count() > 0)
                ChangeRTBFontStyle(((Form2)this.ActiveMdiChild).rTBDoc, FontStyle.Italic);
        }

        private void 下畫線toolStripButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (this.MdiChildren.Count() > 0)
                ChangeRTBFontStyle(((Form2)this.ActiveMdiChild).rTBDoc, FontStyle.Underline);
        }

        private void 復(fù)制CToolStripButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            Form2 formRichText = (Form2)this.ActiveMdiChild;
            formRichText.rTBDoc.Copy();
        }

        private void 剪切UToolStripButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            Form2 formRichText = (Form2)this.ActiveMdiChild;
            formRichText.rTBDoc.Cut();
        }

        private void 粘貼PToolStripButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            Form2 formRichText = (Form2)this.ActiveMdiChild;
            formRichText.rTBDoc.Paste();
        }

        private void 撤銷toolStripButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            Form2 formRichText = (Form2)this.ActiveMdiChild;
            formRichText.rTBDoc.Undo();
        }

        private void 新建NToolStripButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            NewDoc();
        }

        private void 打開(kāi)OToolStripButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            OpenFileDialog openfiledialog1 = new OpenFileDialog();
            openfiledialog1.Filter =
                "RTF格式(*.rtf)|*.rtf|文本文件（*.txt)|*.txt|所有文件（*.*）|*.*";
            openfiledialog1.Multiselect = false;
            formRichText = new Form2();
            if (openfiledialog1.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
            {
                formRichText.isSaved = true;
                try
                {
                    NewDoc();
                    _Num--;
                    if (openfiledialog1.FilterIndex == 1)
                        ((Form2)this.ActiveMdiChild).rTBDoc.LoadFile
                        (openfiledialog1.FileName, RichTextBoxStreamType.RichText);
                    else
                        ((Form2)this.ActiveMdiChild).rTBDoc.LoadFile
                        (openfiledialog1.FileName, RichTextBoxStreamType.PlainText);
                    ((Form2)this.ActiveMdiChild).Text = openfiledialog1.FileName;
                }
                catch
                {
                    MessageBox.Show("打開(kāi)失?。?, "錯(cuò)誤", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
                }
            }
            openfiledialog1.Dispose();
        }

        private void 保存SToolStripButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            Save();
        }

        private void 幫助LToolStripButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            About about = new About();
            about.Show();
        }

        private void ToolStripButton1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)//字體顏色
        {
            formRichText = (Form2)this.ActiveMdiChild;
            ColorDialog colorDialog = new ColorDialog();
            if (colorDialog.ShowDialog() != DialogResult.Cancel)
            {
                formRichText.rTBDoc.SelectionColor = colorDialog.Color;//將當(dāng)前選定的文字改變字體
            }

        }

        private void 字體_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            formRichText = (Form2)this.ActiveMdiChild;
            FontDialog fontDialog = new FontDialog();
            if (fontDialog.ShowDialog() != DialogResult.Cancel)
            {
                formRichText.rTBDoc.SelectionFont = fontDialog.Font;//將當(dāng)前選定的文字改變字體
            }
        }

        private void 搜索_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            FindPostion = 0;
            FormFind FindReplaceDialog = new FormFind(this);//注意this
            FindReplaceDialog.Show();//打開(kāi)非模式對(duì)話框使用Show()方法
        }

        private void Replace_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            FindPostion = 0;
            FormFind FindReplaceDialog = new FormFind(this);//注意this
            FindReplaceDialog.Show();//打開(kāi)非模式對(duì)話框使用Show()方法
        }
        //保存文件
        private void Save()
        {
            String str;
            formRichText = (Form2)this.ActiveMdiChild;

   

            //如果文檔保存過(guò)（也就是不需要另存為）
            if (formRichText.isSaved)
            {
                
                formRichText = (Form2)this.ActiveMdiChild;       //獲取當(dāng)前窗口
                str = formRichText.Text.Trim();
                formRichText.rTBDoc.SaveFile(str, RichTextBoxStreamType.PlainText);
                //formRichText.isChanged = false;
                MessageBox.Show("保存成功！");
            }
            //否則，另存為
            else
            {
                SaveAs();
            }
        }

        //另存為
        private void SaveAs()
        {
            string str;
            formRichText = (Form2)this.ActiveMdiChild;
            SaveFileDialog saveFileDialog1 = new SaveFileDialog();
            saveFileDialog1.DefaultExt = "txt";
            saveFileDialog1.Filter = "文本文件 (*.txt)|*.txt|全部文件 (*.*)|*.*";


            if (saveFileDialog1.ShowDialog(this) == DialogResult.OK)
            {
                str = saveFileDialog1.FileName;

                MessageBox.Show(str);

                if (str != "")
                {
                    formRichText.rTBDoc.SaveFile(str, RichTextBoxStreamType.PlainText);
                    formRichText.isSaved = true;
                    //formRichText.isChanged = false;
                }
                else
                {
                    MessageBox.Show("請(qǐng)輸入文件名！", "提示", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Exclamation);
                }
            }
        }

        private void 另存為ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            SaveAs();
        }

        private void 插入圖片_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            OpenFileDialog openFileDialog1 = new OpenFileDialog();
            openFileDialog1.Filter = "圖片文件|*.jpg|所有文件|*.*";
            formRichText = (Form2)this.ActiveMdiChild;
            if (openFileDialog1.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
            {
                Clipboard.SetDataObject(Image.FromFile(openFileDialog1.FileName), false);
                formRichText.rTBDoc.Paste();
            }
        }
    }
    
        }

Form2

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace SimpleMDIExample
{
    public partial class Form2 : Form
    {
        //public bool isChanged = true;
        public bool isSaved;
        public Form2()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }
    }
}

FormFind

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace SimpleMDIExample
{
    public partial class FormFind : Form
    {
        Form1 MainForm1;

        private void FormFind_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {

        }

        private void Search_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (findText.Text.Length != 0)//如果查找字符串不為空,調(diào)用主窗體查找方法
                MainForm1.FindRichTextBoxString(findText.Text);//上步增加的方法
            else
                MessageBox.Show("查找字符串不能為空", "提示", MessageBoxButtons.OK);
        }

        public FormFind(Form1 form1)
        {           
            InitializeComponent();
            MainForm1 = form1;
        }

       

        private void Replace_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (replaceText.Text.Length != 0)//如果查找字符串不為空,調(diào)用主窗體替換方法
                MainForm1.ReplaceRichTextBoxString( replaceText.Text);
            else//方法MainForm1.ReplaceRichTextBoxString見(jiàn)(26)中定義
                MessageBox.Show("替換字符串不能為空", "提示", MessageBoxButtons.OK);
        }
    }
}

實(shí)驗(yàn)小結(jié)

感覺(jué)綜合實(shí)驗(yàn)作業(yè)不太有做完的時(shí)候，從基本功能的實(shí)現(xiàn)到一步步拓展，永遠(yuǎn)都有做得不太好的地方。代碼先留在這里，希望以后可以實(shí)現(xiàn)更多的功能！歡迎評(píng)論區(qū)批評(píng)指正！哈哈哈

參考網(wǎng)站

C#做文本編輯器時(shí)如何實(shí)現(xiàn)文本中插入圖片？
C#教程之實(shí)現(xiàn)文本編輯器查找替換功能
【可視化編程】實(shí)驗(yàn)4：C#窗體和控件綜合設(shè)計(jì)（多文本編輯器）