Module 1 Mentoring a new employee

1. ?Mentorship

Mentorship is a relationship between a knowledgeable, experienced person, the mentor, and someone who wants to learn, the mentee. The mentor is someone with an area of expertise who guides the less experienced person. These kinds of relationships are common in the academic and business worlds.

In business, mentorship is common as a way of helping new or less experienced employees advance their careers and reach their potential. It can be an important part of professional development. The mentor will typically help the mentee identify areas where there is room for improvement and offer support and advice.

Honest and open communication is critical for the success of mentoring. The mentee must trust that the mentor has knowledge or experience that is relevant to him or her, and the mentor must believe that the mentee has the sincere desire to listen and learn.

2. ?Professional development

• role 角色
• mentor 導(dǎo)師
• advance 增進(jìn)
• language proficiency 語言能力
• professional development 職業(yè)發(fā)展
• map out a path 繪制出路徑
• next level 下一個級別
• career 職業(yè)

表達(dá)輔導(dǎo)的詞組搭配
詞組搭配是一些常常一起使用的單詞。這是一些和輔導(dǎo)相關(guān)的詞組搭配。

• The company is very focused on professional development. 這個公司很注重職業(yè)發(fā)展。
• My role as a mentor is to help you reach your potential. 作為導(dǎo)師我的職責(zé)是幫助你發(fā)掘你的潛能。
• We need to map out a path to advance your career. 我們需要來規(guī)劃一下你的職業(yè)發(fā)展路徑。
• One area to work on is language proficiency. 需要改善的一個方面是語言能力。
• We can tailor the training to meet your needs. 我們可以量身定制培訓(xùn)內(nèi)容來滿足你的需求。

• My role as a mentor is to help you succeed. 作為導(dǎo)師我的職責(zé)是幫助你成功。
• We need to map out a path to advance your career. 我們需要來規(guī)劃一下你的職業(yè)發(fā)展路徑。
• One area to work on is language proficiency. 需要改善的一個方面是語言能力。
• We can tailor the training to meet your needs. 我們可以量身定制培訓(xùn)來滿足你的需求。
• I'm doing everything I can to reach my potential. 我盡我所能來實現(xiàn)我的潛能。
• Every employee needs professional development. 每一個員工都需要職業(yè)發(fā)展。

3. ?Training plan

找出有提升空間的方面。
制定培訓(xùn)計劃的時候要做的第一件事是找出某人需要提高的方面。 使用像這樣的表達(dá)方式：
We need to identify areas where there is room for improvement. 我們需要找出有提升空間的方面。

• A: Is there anything you're struggling with? 有什么事是你做起來比較困難的呢？
• B: I'm having a lot of problems meeting my deadlines. 我很難趕上最后的期限。

• A: What is an area where you think there's room for improvement? 你認(rèn)為有提升空間的一個方面是什么？
• B: My proficiency in the language is less than I'd like. 我的語言能力不如我想的好。

• A: My role is to support you. Where do you think you could use some help? 我的角色是支持你。哪些方面你認(rèn)為你需要一些幫助呢？
• B: I could use some help figuring out a better way to manage my time. 我需要一些幫助來找到一個更好的方法來管理我的時間。

制定一個行動計劃
一旦你已經(jīng)找出需要提高的方面，你可以制定一個行動計劃。

• What are our next steps? 我們的下幾步是什么？
• It seems as if you have three areas to work on. 看起來你有三個方面要提高。
• Initially, let's focus on your language needs. 首先，讓我們來著重看一下你的語言需求。
• We'll often be working side by side. 我們將會常常一起并肩工作。
• We should have weekly check-ins. 我們應(yīng)該每周有檢查。

• He's working side by side with his mentor. 他正和他的導(dǎo)師并肩工作。
• Professional development is one area to work on. 職業(yè)發(fā)展是我需要加強(qiáng)的一個方面。
• I could use some help figuring out the next steps. 我需要一些幫助來弄清楚下一步是什么。
• Identify areas with room for improvement. 找出有提升空間的方面。
• She needs to work on her language proficiency. 她需要加強(qiáng)她的語言能力。
• He's struggling with managing his time. 他在管理他的時間方面有困難。

Module 2 Describing leadership qualities

1. ?Leadership vocabulary

• hierarchical 等級制度的
• autocratic 專制的
• charismatic 魅力超凡的
• drive 動力
• people skills 人際交往能力
• empathy 同理心
• throwback 老土
• anachronism 年代錯誤
• underestimate 低估
• deceptive 欺詐的，迷惑的，虛偽的

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能的詞匯
許多名詞的形容詞形式以 -ic 結(jié)尾。請看以下各例：

• autocrat – autocratic 獨裁者 - 獨裁的
• empathy – empathetic 同感能力 - 感同身受的
• charisma – charismatic 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)魅力 - 有魅力的
• anachronism – anachronistic 過時 - 過時的

名詞的形容詞形式有多種不同的結(jié)尾：

• hierarchy – hierarchical 等級制度 - 等級制度的
• drive – driven 驅(qū)動 - 被迫的
• deception – deceptive 欺騙 - 騙人的
• skill – skilled 技能 - 有技術(shù)的，熟練的

以下還有一些談?wù)擃I(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能的詞匯：

• She has great people skills. People like her and want to work for her. 她擅長人際交往。人人都喜歡她，希望為她效力。
• He's a throwback; his ideas are so out of date and old-fashioned! 他是個老古董，想法過時而守舊！
• You should never underestimate your competitors. 你永遠(yuǎn)都不該低估你的對手。

• She's highly skilled and very driven. 她技藝純熟，干勁十足。
• The system's hierarchical and anachronistic. 這個系統(tǒng)等級森嚴(yán)，不合時宜。
• We underestimated his ability. 我們低估了他的能力。
• Empathy is an important part of leadership. 同感能力是一種重要的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能。
• She has a lot of charisma and great people skills. 她具有迷人的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)魅力和優(yōu)秀的人際交往技巧。
• Don't trust him. He can be deceptive. 不要相信他。他靠不住。

2. ?Phrases with '-ing' verbs 含有動詞 '-ing' 形式的短語

你可以使用含有動詞 -ing 形式的短語補(bǔ)充句子信息。這些短語類似 who、that 和 which 等詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句，但更短。請看下例：

• The leaders meeting in New York signed an economic agreement. 那些在紐約參加會議的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人簽署了一項經(jīng)濟(jì)條約。

如果是定語從句，句子則會類似：

• The leaders who were meeting in New York signed an economic agreement. 那些在紐約參加會議的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人簽署了一項經(jīng)濟(jì)條約。

含有動詞 -ing 形式的短語可以明確我們正在談?wù)摰氖挛?。在本例中，我們說的不僅僅是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，而是希望成為行之有效的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。

• Leaders wanting to be effective should be empathetic. 希望成為行之有效的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者應(yīng)該設(shè)身處地為人著想。

3. ?Elaborating on a point 詳細(xì)闡述一種觀點

人們常常會 elaborate（詳細(xì)闡述）一種觀點，確保為人所理解。一種方法是改述。在該視頻中，Stuart 表示，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)需要 empathy，然后用不同的方式重新解釋了同感能力的意義。
Today's leaders – they need people skills; they need empathy. Empathy, in a way that they need to be able to put themselves in other people's shoes. They need to understand what people want and how they feel. 如今的領(lǐng)導(dǎo) - 他們需要人際交往能力，需要同感能力。所謂同感，是指他們需要能夠設(shè)身處地為他人著想。他們需要理解人們想要的東西及其感受。

另一種詳細(xì)闡述的方法是舉例。Stuart 談到了一種人們可以彼此交流的環(huán)境，之后舉例說明。
A leader has to create an environment where a large number of people can communicate with each other, openly, to work efficiently and effectively together, toward a common goal. 一位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)必須營造一種大部分人可以開誠布公地彼此交流的環(huán)境，討論如何高效而有效地協(xié)作，實現(xiàn)共同的目標(biāo)。

重復(fù)信息也是一種詳細(xì)闡述的方法。Stuart 談及 Elizabeth 時便用的此種方法。注意下面他是如何重復(fù) underestimate 一詞的。
Elizabeth taught me that you should never underestimate your enemy. I never have and I never will underestimate Elizabeth. Elizabeth 教導(dǎo)我永遠(yuǎn)都不要低估自己的對手。我從來沒有，將來也不會低估 Elizabeth。

同時他還使用了同義詞 throwback 和 anachronism 來強(qiáng)調(diào)自己的看法。
Elizabeth is a throwback. She's an anachronism. Elizabeth 是個老古董，她是個不合時宜的人。

• She needs empathy, to understand how others feel. 她需要設(shè)身處地，理解別人的感受。
• An open environment is where people communicate freely. 開放的環(huán)境是人們可以自由交流的環(huán)境。
• Never underestimate him. Never, EVER underestimate him. 永遠(yuǎn)不要低估他，永遠(yuǎn)永遠(yuǎn)不要低估他。
• We need efficiency, a more effective way of working. 我們需要效率，一種更有效的工作方式。
• He's a throwback, a complete anachronism. 他是個老古董，完全不合時宜。

Module 3 Describing a leader you admire

1. ?Leadership qualities領(lǐng)導(dǎo)素質(zhì)

我們仰慕好的和優(yōu)秀的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者所擁有的素質(zhì)。學(xué)習(xí)一些幫助你談?wù)擃I(lǐng)導(dǎo)素質(zhì)的詞匯。

• He is a just man. He has a keen sense of fairness. 他是一個公平的人。他有強(qiáng)烈的公平感。
• She's a powerful woman, but she's still very approachable. 她是一個強(qiáng)勢的女人，可是她仍然是容易接近的。
• He was a true visionary, way ahead of his time. 他是一個真正的夢想家，超前于他的時代一大截。
• She's not afraid of any challenge. She's fearless. 她不怕任何的挑戰(zhàn)。她是無畏的。
• He's a truly ethical and moral man. He always tries to do the right thing. 他是一個真正的有道德的和正派的人。他總是試圖做正確的事。
• The story of her life is inspiring. 她的生活的故事很鼓舞人心。
• He was a brilliant man but never thought he was better than others. 他是一個才華橫溢的人但是從不覺得他比別人強(qiáng)。

• He was a true visionary, way ahead of his time. 他是一個真正的夢想家，超前于他的時代一大截。
• The story of her life and career is inspiring. 她的生活和事業(yè)的故事很鼓舞人心。
• He's very moral. He tries to do the right thing. 他很正派。他試圖做正確的事。
• He's incredibly clever. In fact, he's brilliant. 他極其聰明。實際上，他很優(yōu)秀。
• She's the CEO, but she's very approachable. 她是首席執(zhí)行官，但是她是很容易接近的。
• She's not afraid of any challenge. She's fearless. 她不怕任何的挑戰(zhàn)。她是無畏的。

2. ?Talking about a company's hierarchy

• a former CEO 前CEO
• considerably below his rank 遠(yuǎn)低于他的等級
• carried right down 自上而下地執(zhí)行
• people who worked on the paper machines 操作過造紙機(jī)的人
• annual meeting 年度會議
• the managers of the box plants 紙盒廠經(jīng)理

談?wù)摴镜牡燃壷贫?br> Horizontal 或 flat 公司沒有嚴(yán)格分明的等級制度。管理層與非管理層員工，甚至定期與客戶合作共事。Vertical 或 tall 類型的公司通常等級分明，CEO 處于最上層，發(fā)號施令，傳達(dá)至最底層。這種架構(gòu)通常稱為 top-down。

• The CEO's order carried down through all levels of the company. 首席執(zhí)行官的命令自上而下傳達(dá)至公司的每一個階層。
• Our company is organized vertically, and it's quite difficult to climb the executive ladder. 我們的公司采用垂直型架構(gòu)，要升到管理層相當(dāng)困難。
• Horizontal management has people of all positions working together. 水平化管理讓所有職位不同的人合作共事。

公司內(nèi)部的最高管理職位有時被稱為 C-level，這些職位的首字母都是 C，其中包括 CEO、COO、CFO 和 CTO。
The CEO will address the board of directors next week. 首席執(zhí)行官下周將在董事會上發(fā)言。

在談?wù)撍说墓ぷ骷墑e時，我們可以談及他們職責(zé)方面的信息。

• As HR manager, she is in charge of all hiring. 身為人力資源經(jīng)理，她負(fù)責(zé)所有的招聘事宜。
• The CTO is responsible for 15 engineers. 那位首席技術(shù)官負(fù)責(zé) 15 位工程師。
• He's head of the accounting department. 他是財會部門的主管。
• All department directors report to the CEO. 所有部門主管向首席執(zhí)行官匯報工作。

• Please inform all of your staff of the changes. 請把這些變化傳達(dá)給你手下的所有員工。
• All department heads report directly to the CEO. 所有部門領(lǐng)導(dǎo)直接向首席執(zhí)行官匯報工作。
• Position is less important in a horizontal organization. 在水平型中，職位的重要性更低。
• Vertical companies have a top-down organization. 垂直型公司具有自上而下的組織結(jié)構(gòu)。
• She's in charge of product innovation and development. 她負(fù)責(zé)產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)新和開發(fā)。

3. ?Expressing admiration

• held in the highest esteem 受到最高的推崇
• have the greatest regard for 對...有極大的尊敬
• full of admiration for 對...充滿敬佩
• have nothing but respect for 對...只有尊重

表達(dá)敬佩
如果你 admire 某人，表示你尊敬尊重他。表達(dá)敬佩的方法有很多。注意，respect 的動詞和名詞形式相同。

• I have nothing but respect for the entire team. 我完全是佩服整個團(tuán)隊。
• All of the directors respect the decision of the CEO. 所有主管都尊敬首席執(zhí)行官的決定。
• We are full of admiration for all he has accomplished. 我們對他取得的成就滿懷敬佩。
• He is held in high esteem by all his colleagues. 他深受同事敬重。
• I have the greatest regard for everything she has achieved. 對她取得的一切成就，我都深感敬佩。
• He is in awe of his manager's abilities. 他無比敬佩他的經(jīng)理的才能。

• I have the greatest regard for her empathy. 我對她的感同身受的能力評價極高。
• We are full of admiration for his accomplishments. 我們對他的成就充滿了仰慕之情。
• I have nothing but respect for the entire team. 我對整個團(tuán)隊充滿了敬佩。
• He is in awe of his boss's life and career. 他很敬畏他的老板的生活和事業(yè)。
• He's held in high esteem by all his colleagues. 所有他的同事都很敬重他。

Module 4 Developing leadership qualities

1. ?More leadership vocabulary 更多領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能的詞匯

在下一活動中，你將觀看一段 Forbes Media 董事長兼主編 Steve Forbes 在 Hult School of Business 發(fā)表的關(guān)于 leadership 的演講。

自己做好聽的準(zhǔn)備
在聽 Forbes 演講的同時，思考以下問題：
一位成功的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人具有哪些特點？
我們該如何做好應(yīng)對突發(fā)狀況的準(zhǔn)備？

• leadership 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力
• human nature 人性
• characteristics 特點
• persuading others 勸說他人
• sharing a vision 分享愿景
• sharing hardship 共渡患難
• earning trust 爭取信任
• global currency 全球貨幣
• stability 穩(wěn)定
• monetary policy 貨幣政策

詞組：領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能
詞組是指兩個或兩個以上經(jīng)常搭配在一起的詞。

• Stability is hard to achieve because circumstances change. 環(huán)境變了，所以很難實現(xiàn)穩(wěn)定。
• Successful leadership includes persuading others and earning trust. 成功的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能包括說服他人和贏得信任。
• Good leadership includes both sharing a vision and sharing hardship. 優(yōu)秀的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力不僅包括分享夢想，也包括共擔(dān)患難。
• Human nature doesn't change with circumstances. 人性不會隨著環(huán)境改變。（江山易改，本性難移。）
• Mental agility will help prepare you for the unexpected. 敏捷的思維將有助于你做好應(yīng)對突發(fā)狀況的準(zhǔn)備。

以下短語可用于談?wù)撠泿艈栴}：

• Forbes believes that a global currency is important for stability. Forbes 認(rèn)為，全球通用貨幣對維持穩(wěn)定非常重要。
• Monetary policy has to do with controlling the supply of money. 貨幣政策與控制貨幣供應(yīng)有關(guān)。

• A successful leader earns trust and persuades others. 成功的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人取得信任，說服他人。
• A global currency would lead to stability. 全球性通用貨幣將帶來穩(wěn)定。
• Circumstances change, but human nature does not. 環(huán)境會變，但人性不會變。
• A good leader shares both vision and hardship. 優(yōu)秀的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)分享夢想，共擔(dān)患難。
• Mental agility is a big leadership characteristic. 敏捷的思維是重要的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)特質(zhì)。
• Some people think monetary policy is boring. 有人認(rèn)為貨幣政策很枯燥。

2. ?Review:reflexive pronouns復(fù)習(xí)：反身代詞

行為發(fā)起與行為接受的人或物相同時，使用反身代詞。在代詞后添加后綴 -self 或 -selves 即可構(gòu)成反身代詞。

• He persuaded himself to trust them. 他說服自己信任他們。
• The leaders convinced themselves of the need for stronger monetary policy. 各國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人說服自己有必要推行更加強(qiáng)硬的貨幣政策。

你可以使用反身代詞加強(qiáng)語氣。注意，在這些例子中，反身代詞直接位于代詞之前或之后。

• She herself brought stability to the company. 她獨力讓公司穩(wěn)定下來。
• Myself – I don't believe in sharing hardship. 我自己 - 我不相信患難與共。
• 注：如果去掉反身代詞，句子意義并不改變，但失去了強(qiáng)調(diào)的語氣。

要強(qiáng)調(diào)某事由人單獨或沒借助他人力量完成，使用反身代詞搭配介詞 by。

• Were you able to do it by yourself? 你自己一個人能行嗎？
• She was able to persuade the others by herself. 她獨自一個人說服了其他人。

• They created the new software by themselves. 他們獨力設(shè)計了這款新軟件。
• You yourself know that it won't work. 你自己清楚這樣做是沒用的。
• I wouldn't do it that way myself. 我自己不會那樣干。
• The company set the precedent itself. 這家公司自身開創(chuàng)了先例。
• She herself led the team successfully. 她自己成功領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了這支團(tuán)隊。

3. ?Focusing on a point

• In terms of leadership itself ... 就領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力自身來講……
• The essence of leadership ... 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的核心……
• What makes a successful leader ... 成功的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者是……
• My one lesson I'll give you today. 我今天要給你上一堂課。
• One of the things you should learn ... 有件事你要學(xué)……
• One of the things I like is ... 我喜歡的一件事是……

集中一點
如果要強(qiáng)調(diào)某事，或是讓聽眾或讀者產(chǎn)生期待，集中一點是不錯的策略。一種辦法是使用類似表達(dá)，將聽眾的注意力集中到話題上：

• In terms of change, good leaders know that circumstances change, but human nature does not. 就改變而言，優(yōu)秀的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人懂得環(huán)境會變，但人性不會變。
• Concerning corporate hierarchy, there are two basic models. 就公司等級制度而言，有兩種基本的形式。
• With regard to leadership characteristics, decisiveness is among the most important. 就領(lǐng)導(dǎo)特質(zhì)而言，果斷是其中最重要的一點。
• Regarding failure, it is not something to be feared. 就失敗而言，它并不可怕。

用疑問詞起句也是一種不錯的方法。

• What makes a successful leader is not the same in all circumstances. 環(huán)境不同，成功領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的必備素質(zhì)也不相同。
• How you speak to someone is just as important as what you say. 怎么講和講什么一樣重要。

此外，使用含有 one 或 one of 的表達(dá)也同樣有效。

• My one lesson I'll give you today is the need for a global currency. 我今天要給大家講授的課程是對于全球通用貨幣的需求。
• One of the things you should learn is the importance of honesty. 誠實的重要性是你應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容之一。

• In terms of leadership, honesty is crucial. 就領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能而言，誠信至關(guān)重要。
• Regarding failure, it is not something to be feared. 就失敗而言，它并不可怕。
• How you speak is just as important as what you say. 怎么講和講什么一樣重要。
• One of the most important things is empathy. 同感是最重要的能力之一。

4. ?Developing leadership qualities

Most human beings are not born with leadership skills. But with honesty, hard work and commitment, leadership qualities can be developed. A first step is to look at your strengths and weaknesses. This is not always an easy task. People can rarely do this entirely by themselves. It's likely you'll need some outside help to evaluate your skills – for example, some feedback from a manager or a colleague.

Once you've identified your strengths, make a plan of action to maximize them. If you are good at connecting with an audience and effectively sharing your vision, find ways to make an even stronger connection. More important, recognize your weaknesses and develop a plan to improve those areas. Some of the things you might work on are communicating effectively; creating enthusiasm for and getting people invested in your vision; treating associates and their ideas with respect; and taking responsibility for what you say. All of these things, along with designing a realistic plan to realize your vision, will help you become the most effective leader you can be.