體系架構(gòu)（Enterprise Architecture, EA）的開山之作，之前一直引用，從來沒有系統(tǒng)的學習，通過翻譯加深理解，與感興趣的朋友一起學習探討。
架構(gòu)概念的提出
為了客觀、獨立的推導和形成信息系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)框架，合乎邏輯的做法是從傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)經(jīng)典的架構(gòu)概念入手。這樣就有可能從相關(guān)領(lǐng)域上千年的發(fā)展中吸取經(jīng)驗。通過分析經(jīng)典架構(gòu)工作的產(chǎn)出物，即工作成果，可以類比推導出信息系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)工作的產(chǎn)出物，在此過程中有助于對我們對架構(gòu)形成清晰的概念和規(guī)范。
Derivation of the architectural concept
In searching for an objective, independent basis upon whichto develop a framework for information systems architecture, it seems onlylogical to look to the field of classical architecture itself. In so doing, itis possible to learn from the thousand or so years of experience that have beenaccumulated in that field. Definition of the deliverables, i.e., the workproduct, of a classical architect can lead to the specification of analogous informationsystems architectural products and, in so doing, can help to classify ourconcepts and specifications.
按照這一思路通過類比抽象出信息系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)的表示方法，下面我們將以傳統(tǒng)建造建筑物過程中的交付物為線索進行深入分析。
With this objective in mind, that is, discovering theanalogous information systems architectural representations, the following isan examination of the classical architect’s deliverables produced in theprocess of constructing a building.
“泡泡”圖。建筑架構(gòu)師創(chuàng)建的第一個架構(gòu)交付物是一個概念性模型，一個“泡泡圖”，它描述了初步的大小、形狀、空間關(guān)系和對結(jié)構(gòu)的初步設(shè)計。這個“泡泡圖”一般是通過建筑架構(gòu)師和未來業(yè)主之間的談話形成的。以下是這類初步談話的示例：
Bubble charts. The firstarchitectural deliverable created by the architect is a conceptualrepresentation, a “bubble chart,” which depicts, in gross terms, the size,shape, spatial relationships, and basic intent of the final structure. Thisbubble chart results from the initial conversations between the architect andprospective owner. A sample of such an initial conversation follows:
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“我想建一棟樓?！?/p>
“你想要什么樣的樓？是在里面??？就餐？還是辦公？”
“嗯，我要住在里面。”
“哦，你想建一棟自己住的房子，對嗎？”
“是的，我想要一棟自己住的房子?！?/p>
“你想要房子有多大？”
“嗯，我的地塊面積是100英尺乘300英尺?！?/p>
“那你大概想要一座大約50英尺乘100英尺的房子”
“是的，差不多?！?/p>
“你需要幾間臥室？”
“嗯，我有兩個孩子，所以我想要三個臥室”
“I’d like to build a building.”
“What kind of building do you have in mind? Do you plan tosleep in it? Eat in it? Work in it?”
“Well, I’d like to sleep in it.”
“Oh, you want to build a house?”
“Yes, I’d like a house.”
“How large a house do you have in mind?”
“Well, my lot size is 100 feet by 300 feet.”
“Then you want a house about 50 feet by 100 feet”
“Yes, that’s about right.”
“How many bedrooms do you need?”
“Well, I have two children, so I’d like three bedrooms.”
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架構(gòu)師的圖紙是對業(yè)主概念性需求的書面表達
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以上每個問題都用于明確一些限制（地塊面積）或確定需求（臥室的數(shù)量），以此來建立大概或近似設(shè)計模型。從上述對話中，建筑架構(gòu)師可以通過一系列“泡泡”描述所有者的想法，泡泡可以用來表示房間、大小、形狀、空間關(guān)系等。（見圖1）
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Thearchitect’s drawings are a transcription of the owner’s perceptualrequirements.
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Notethat each question serves to pose a constraint (the lot size) or identify arequirement (the number of bedrooms) in order to establish the “ballpark,” orapproximate conditions, within which any design will take place. From the abovedialogue, the architect can depict what the owner has in mind in the form of aseries of “bubbles,” each bubble representing a room, its gross size, shape,spatial relationship, etc. (See Figure 1)
圖1 架構(gòu)師的“泡泡圖”
建筑架構(gòu)師準備這個“泡泡圖”有兩個原因。首先，未來的業(yè)主必須表達他的想法，這將作為建筑架構(gòu)師設(shè)計工作的基礎(chǔ)。第二，建筑架構(gòu)師必須讓業(yè)主相信，業(yè)主的愿望得到了充分的理解，這樣業(yè)主就可以為后續(xù)的設(shè)計工作支付費用，并正式啟動項目。
Thearchitect prepares this bubble chart for two reasons. First, the prospectiveowner must express what he or she has in mind that will serve as a foundationor basis for the architect’s actual design work. Second, the architect mustconvince the owner that the owner’s desires are understood well enough so thatthe owner will pay for the creative work to follow, and in effect, initiate theproject.
在與未來業(yè)主達成一致理解后，建筑架構(gòu)師將開始制作下一組架構(gòu)交付物——設(shè)計（架構(gòu)）圖紙。
Havingestablished a basic understanding with the prospective owner, the architectproduces the next set of architectural deliverables, which are calledarchitect’s drawings.
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