韓語(yǔ)是一種表音文字,在學(xué)完發(fā)音部分之后,大家基本上見(jiàn)到韓文字的時(shí)候,即便不知道詞意都幾乎能準(zhǔn)確拼讀出來(lái)啦(所謂無(wú)形裝X最為致命)。
但是還是有一些詞語(yǔ)在念的時(shí)候會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)跟自己平時(shí)聽(tīng)韓國(guó)人講的時(shí)候不一樣,這時(shí)候就是韓語(yǔ)的音變規(guī)則在“作祟”。那么這一期內(nèi)容就為大家梳理一遍平時(shí)常用的音變規(guī)則,?? ???
1. 緊音化(???)
①收音為“?(?, ?, ?, ?), ?(?, ?, ?, ?, ?), ?(?, ?, ?, ?)”后面與以“?, ?, ?, ?, ?”為開(kāi)頭的字相連時(shí),“?, ?, ?, ?, ?”都需要發(fā)成緊音[?, ?, ?, ?, ?]。比如:
??[??]? ? ? ? ???[??]
???[???]? ???[??]
??[??]? ? ? ? ???[??]
??[??]? ? ? ? ???[??]
②詞干收音為“?(?), ?(?), ?,?”與以“?, ?, ?, ?”開(kāi)頭的語(yǔ)尾相結(jié)合,“?, ?, ?, ?”發(fā)成緊音[?, ?, ?, ?]。比如:
??[??]? ??[??]
??[??]? ??[??]
???[???]
③在漢字詞中,收音?后接以“?,?,?,?,?”開(kāi)頭的詞時(shí),“?,?,?,?,?”分別發(fā)音成[?, ?, ?, ?, ?]。比如:
??[??]?? ??[??]
??[??]?? ??[??]
④冠形詞形語(yǔ)尾-?/-?與以“?,?,?,?,?”開(kāi)頭的詞相連時(shí),“?,?,?,?,?”分別發(fā)成緊音[?,?,?,?,?]。比如:
? ??[???]? ? ??[???]
? ??[???]? ?? ??[????]
2. 關(guān)于?的特殊規(guī)則
①收音為“?(?, ?)”的字與以“?, ?, ?”為開(kāi)頭的詞結(jié)合時(shí),“?, ?, ?”會(huì)發(fā)音為[?, ?, ?];收音為“?(?), ?, ?(?), ?(?)”的字與以“?”開(kāi)頭的字結(jié)合時(shí),后面的字的頭音會(huì)發(fā)成[?, ?, ?, ?]。比如:
??[??]? ??[??]
??[??]? ??[??]
??[??]?????[???]
②收音為“?(?, ?)”的字后接以“?”開(kāi)頭的字時(shí),“?”發(fā)成緊音[?]。比如:
??[??]?? ??[??]
③收音為“?(?, ?)”的字后接以元音開(kāi)頭的語(yǔ)尾或后綴時(shí),“?”不發(fā)音。比如:
??[??]?? ??[??]
??[??]? ????[???]
3.鼻音化(???)
①收音為“?(?, ?, ?, ?), ?(?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?), ?(?, ?, ?, ?)”的韓、字與以“?, ?”為開(kāi)頭的字相連的時(shí)候,收音的發(fā)音分別會(huì)變成[?, ?, ?]。比如:
??[??]? ??[??]
??[??]? ??[??]
??[??]? ??[??]
??[??]?? ???[???]
? ???[????]
? ???[????]
? ???[????]
②收音為“?,?”的字后面與以“?”開(kāi)頭的字相連時(shí),[?]發(fā)音變?yōu)閇?],然后[?, ?]的發(fā)音遵循①的原則變?yōu)閇?, ?]。比如:
??[??→??]? ? ?[??→??]
??[??→??]? ? ?[??→??]
③“?, ?”收音后接以“?”為開(kāi)頭的字時(shí),“?”會(huì)發(fā)成[?]。比如:
??[??]? ??[??]
???[???]
4.流音化(???)
“?”無(wú)論跟在“?”的后面還是在前面,都會(huì)受到影響發(fā)“?”的音。比如:
??[??]?? ??[??]
??[??]?? ??[??]
???[???]? ???[???]
但是也有例外,這時(shí)與上述情況剛好相反,是“?”會(huì)發(fā)成“?”的音,比如:
???[???]?? ???[???]
???[???]? ????[???]
???[???]
5.顎化(????)
收音“?, ?(?)”后面接元音“?”進(jìn)行連讀的時(shí)候,[?, ?]會(huì)發(fā)成[?, ?]的音。比如:
??[??]?? ???[???]
??[??]? ????[???]
???[???]
PS:收音“?”后接“?”的時(shí)候,發(fā)生的送氣音現(xiàn)象也會(huì)受這條規(guī)則影響[?]發(fā)成[?]
???[???]
???[???]
???[???]
6.添加音現(xiàn)象(?? ??)
①[?]音的添加
在合成詞和派生詞中,前面那個(gè)詞或者前綴詞的最后一個(gè)字有收音,以及后面那個(gè)詞或者后綴詞的第一個(gè)字為“?, ?, ?, ?, ?”的時(shí)候,要添加“?”作為輔音,即“?, ?, ?, ?, ?”發(fā)[?, ?, ?, ?, ?]的音。比如:
???(?-??)[???]
??(?-?)[??]
???(?-??)[???]
???(??-?)[???]
???(??-?)[???→???]
???(??-?)[???→???]
? ?[??→??]
? ??[???→???]
?? ?[???]
②[?]音的添加
一般在合成詞中會(huì)在前面單詞的最后一個(gè)字加“?”作為收音,又被成為????。此時(shí)依舊遵循上面提到的緊音化和鼻音化等規(guī)則,在緊音化的時(shí)候收音“?”可以按規(guī)則發(fā)[?]的音也可以不發(fā)音。比如:
??[??/??]? ??[??/??]
??[??/??]??[??→??]
???[???→???]
???[???→???]
當(dāng)“????”后面接“?”時(shí),后面的元音”?”會(huì)添加輔音?,“?”受其影響會(huì)發(fā)[?]的音,比如:
??[??→??]
???[???→???]
???[???→???]