最近老板給推薦了個(gè)CMU的ORA，個(gè)人覺得真的很合適做sna，dynamic network analysis，link analysis，multi-agent system之類的任務(wù)，綜合了pajek gephi ucinet citespace等等的功能，且給出了很完整的user guide。（竟然可以topic analysis，我驚了）當(dāng)然也可以配合CMU CASOS tools，UCINET, KeyPlayer, and Analyst's Notebook等進(jìn)行額外分析?？傊绻愕臄?shù)據(jù)量不大（agents<2000) 且不想買高階版時(shí)非常好用，尤其是當(dāng)你的ucinet等突然打不開的時(shí)候（沒錯(cuò)就是我最近），墻裂推薦。當(dāng)然只要熟悉統(tǒng)計(jì)分析思路，是不限于使用軟件的。附CASOS: Center for Computational Analysis of Social and Organizational Systems (http://www.casos.cs.cmu.edu/index.html)

軟件大概200多M（記不清楚了哈哈），有student版本和付費(fèi)版本，不同版本能處理的節(jié)點(diǎn)及關(guān)系數(shù)量的能力不同。以下對(duì)于一些可能常用到的動(dòng)作和功能作個(gè)記錄：

Preface：

ORA uses a Java interface for ease of use, and a C++ computational backend. The most current edition of ORA software, Version 3, is available in two versions. ORA-LITE is available on the CASOS website: http://casos.cs.cmu.edu/projects/ora/. It contains hundreds of social network, dynamic network metrics, trail metrics, procedures for grouping nodes, identifying local patterns, comparing and contrasting networks, groups, and individuals from a dynamic meta-network perspective.

GETTING STARTED

1. File format 能支持的數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入格式

• DyNetML (.xml) -- stored as default

• DL - Data Language (.dl) 一定要儲(chǔ)存為plain text
  大概是這樣

  
  
  DL.png

• UCINET (.##h and .##d)

• CSV - Comma Seperated Values (.csv)

  
  
  Again note that the cell A1 is blank. This is common in all network files created in this manner. .png

• Text Files (.txt)

• Pajek (.net)

• GraphML (.graphml)

2. Quickstart

User interface 主要兩個(gè)界面：editor 以及visualizer
Versions：Lite-學(xué)生教育版本，max 2000個(gè)nodes
下載地址：Go to http://casos.cs.cmu.edu/projects/ora/software.php

2.1 Main Interface

image.png

2）Meta-network
包含noteset和network，可點(diǎn)擊查看
Nodeset: nodes and attibutes.

Nodeset class: Nodesets (and hence the contained nodes) can be classified as "Agent", "Organization", "Knowledge", "Resource", "Belief", "Event", "Task", "Location", "Role", "Action" or "Unknown".Multiple nodesets in a metanetwork can be assigned to the same nodeset class. Many predefined ORA analyses use the nodeset class to determine inputs.

Node
Attribute

Networks:

• Binary, weighted;
• Self-looped

Dynamic network

image.png

2.2 Import file 基本操作

select File > Data Import Wizard
可以導(dǎo)入矩陣 或node的attributes表 可在選項(xiàng)中選擇

node關(guān)系表

attribute表

第三個(gè)彈出窗口

Match

記得導(dǎo)入data 和 attributes，導(dǎo)入后可查看info和editor

對(duì)于dynamic network， 可以merge meganetwork也可以直接導(dǎo)入file

2.3 Edit data and attributes

To edit a nodeset, select the nodeset in the Metanetwork Manager pane. Then click the Editor tab. 注：在進(jìn)行新操作時(shí)，最好是使用copy后的文件，原文件一旦改動(dòng)則無法undo
對(duì)nodes：可進(jìn)行過濾選擇，可合并節(jié)點(diǎn)，移除節(jié)點(diǎn)，建新節(jié)點(diǎn)
對(duì)attributes：
對(duì)links：可在meta network-->network-->editor-->display options中修改matrixview還是其他view。display options中也同樣可以進(jìn)行排序。同樣在Editor的Convert Links中一些名詞解釋：Binarize ->Change all link values to 1 (non-links remain 0) 表示有無聯(lián)系，Remove self-loops (diagonal) -》Remove all links that point from a node to itself. 還有各種remove links的操作

2.4 Visualizations

在Visualizer的界面下：

image.png

左側(cè)的configure bar可以把自己常用的功能放在一起

2.5 Reports

有4個(gè)最重要的reports
1）Key Entity : Identifies key entities and groups who, by virtue of their position in the network, are critical to its operation.
2）Standard Social Network Analysis : Calculates the standard network analysis measures.
3）View Role and Sphere of Influence : For each individual, identifies the set of actors, groups, knowledge, resources, etc. that influence, and are influenced, by that actor.

For example

4）Locate Groups : Identifies the groups present in the network using various grouping algorithms. Algorithms work on unimodal or bimodal parts of the meta-network.

這些reports可以分析的對(duì)象包括：
1）Actors；
2）Region; Once the key locations are discovered agents connected to that location can be analyzed.

3. Time. 如果有time data

General contents

• 1, 2 or n Mode Data

  
  
  
  
  3 mode
• Aggregation (更多指時(shí)空的組合，這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)我還不曉得怎么輸入）
• Correlation

• Cube analysis: 可以做mental model分析
  Three key communicative dimensions.
  Intensity/consensus : Weighted degree or number of graphs of individual's mental models or number of reports the tie is presented in.
  Conductivity : in-degree*out-degree or betweenness
  Density : degree

  
  
  Concept Embedding
• Aggregation 比如把多個(gè)放在一個(gè)time period里
• 指數(shù)隨機(jī)圖模型. 使用ERGM模型時(shí)要記住的一點(diǎn)是，一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)被建模為一個(gè)單一的多變量觀測(cè)，這限制了它們?cè)谟糜谝欢螘r(shí)間內(nèi)的建模網(wǎng)絡(luò)。此外，只適用于二進(jìn)制網(wǎng)絡(luò)。
• Hamming Distance. 兩個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)（同一維度）的Hamming距離是一個(gè)鏈路存在于一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中但不存在于另一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的次數(shù)。然后，可以通過除以可能的鏈接數(shù)來規(guī)范化該計(jì)數(shù)。
• Monte Carlo Methods. The method is useful for obtaining numerical solutions to problems which are too complicated to solve analytically. The most common application of the Monte Carlo method is Monte Carlo integration.
• Moran-I and Geary-C.

References 整理

1）Where to Learn More: Barnes, J. A. (1954). Class and committees in a Norwegian island parish. Human relations, 7(1), 39-58.
2）Scott, J., (2012). Social Networks (3rd edition), Sage.
3）Wasserman, S. & Faust, K. (1994). Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications (Vol. 8). Cambridge University Press.
4）Carley, K. M., (2003). Dynamic Network Analysis. In Breiger, R., Carley, K. M., & Pattison, P. (Eds.) Dynamic Social Network Modeling and Analysis: Workshop Summary and Papers, (pp. 133-145). Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
5）Carley, K. M., (2002). Smart Agents and Organizations of the Future. In Lievrouw, L. & Livingstone, S. (Eds.) The Handbook of New Media, (pp. 206-220). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

6. Davis, A. et al. (1941). Deep South. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
7. Breiger R. (1974). The duality of persons and groups. Social Forces, 53, 181-190.
8. G. Robins, P. Pattison, Y. Kalish, D. Lusher, An introduction to exponential random graph (p*) models for social networks, Social Networks, Volume 29, Issue 2, May 2007, Pages 173191.