6.4 確定研究問題
1.指出研究空白
Sample
However,while there have been I many general papers. on the effects of using hydrated sorbent for C02/S02 capture, few have investigated the kinetics often gas-solid reaction of H20 with CaO.
2.提出質(zhì)疑或不同意見
Sample
However, the previous mentioned methods suffer from some limitations mainly concerning the treatment of the vortex wake formation and its interaction with the body.
3.拓展研究
Sample
...doping limestone with mineral acids was found to result in a pronounced improvement in the CO2 uptake often doped sorbent. However, these modification techniques risk being cost- ineffective due to the relatively high cost of chemicals and treatment procedures and require further development.
常用詞語與句式
Feature 1:Use words with negative meanings
- little information / attention / work / research ...
- Few studies / investigations / researchers / attempts ...
- No studies /data / calculations ... 泛指，表示：到目前為止還沒有...
- None of these studies / findings / calculations ... 表示：在特定的范圍中還沒有...
Sample
a) Unfortunately, few educational opportunities exist to teach farmers and rural homeowners effective water supply management.
b) There is, however,little qualitative information regarding purple loosestrife vegetative reproduction.
Verbs with negative meaning
| concentrated on | disregarded | failed to consider |
|---|---|---|
| ignored/overlooked/neglected | been limited/restricted to | suffered from |
| overestimated | underestimated | misinterpreted |
Adjective with negative meanings
| controversial | incomplete | inconclusive |
|---|---|---|
| ineffective | insufficient | misleading |
| problematic | unconvincing | unsatisfactory |
| uneconomic | unfounded | unproven |
| unrealistic | unresolved | time-consuming |
Nouns with negative meanings
| the absence of | a challenge | a difficulty |
|---|---|---|
| a defect | a disadvantage | a drawback |
| a flaw | a gap in out knowledge | a limitation |
| an obstacle | a problem | a risk |
Feature 2:Raise questions /hypothesis
- However,it remians unclear weather...
- It would thus be of insterst to learn how...
- If these results could be confirmed, they would provide strong evidence for...(虛擬語氣)
- It would seem, therefore, that further investigations are needed in order to...(虛擬語氣)
Feature 3:Use comparative structure
- The research has tended to focus on..., rather than on...
- These studies have emphasized, as opposed to...
- Although considerable research has been devoted to..., rather less attention has been paid to...
Be organized
Sample:
The relatively sparse research on food deprivation has left room for further research. **First, much of the research has focused either on** chronic starvation at one end of the continuum **or on** missing a single meal at the other end (Green et al., 1995). **Second, some of the findings have been contradictory**. One study found that skipping breakfast impairs certain aspects of cognition, such as problem -solving abilities (Pollitt,Lewis, Garza, & Shulman, 1983). However, other research by M. W.Green, N. A. Elliman, and P. J. Rogers (1995, 1997) has found that food deprivation ranging from missing a single meal to 24 hours without eating does not significantly impair cognition. **Third, not all groups of people have been sufficiently studied.** Studies have been done on 9-11 year- -olds (Pollitt et al., 1983), obese subjects (Crumpton, Wine, &Drenick, 1966), college- -age men and women (Green et al., 1995, 1996,1997), and middle- -age males (Kollar et al., 1964). 