Nginx配置(ngx_http_upstream_module)

Directives
     upstream
     server
     zone
     state
     hash
     ip_hash
     keepalive
     keepalive_requests
     keepalive_time
     keepalive_timeout
     ntlm
     least_conn
     least_time
     queue
     random
     resolver
     resolver_timeout
     sticky
     sticky_cookie_insert
Embedded Variables

上游服務(wù)，負(fù)載均衡模塊。

配置

round-robin 輪詢：

upstream app {
    server nginx2;
    server nginx3;
}
location /up {
    proxy_pass http://app;
}

加權(quán)輪詢：

upstream app {
    server nginx2 weight=1;
    server nginx3 weight=2;
}

max_fails 與 fail_timeout 參考：參考

upstream app {
    server nginx2 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=10;
    server nginx3 weight=2;
    server nginx backup;
}
location /up {
    proxy_pass http://app;
    proxy_connect_timeout 3s;
    proxy_read_timeout 3s;
    proxy_next_upstream http_500; # 定義server unavaliable 的條件。
}

ip_hash 與 hash 策略：

upstream app {
    #ip_hash;
    hash user_$arg_username;
    server nginx2 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=10;
    server nginx3 weight=2;
    #server nginx backup;
}

hash 策略在某臺(tái) server down 掉或者新加 server 的時(shí)候，hash 固有的缺陷就顯現(xiàn)了，一致性 hash ：

53-1.png
53-2.png

使用很簡(jiǎn)單，添加 consistent ：

upstream app {
    #ip_hash;
    hash user_$arg_username consistent;
    server nginx2 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=10;
    server nginx3 weight=2;
    #server nginx backup;
}

least_conn 以及 使用 zone ，用共享內(nèi)存解決 worker 之間共享信息的問題：

upstream app {
    #ip_hash;
    #hash user_$arg_username;
    least_conn;
    zone xx 64k;
    server nginx2 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=10;
    server nginx3 weight=2;
    #server nginx backup;
}

與 upstream 保持 keepalive ：

location /up {
    proxy_pass http://app;
    proxy_connect_timeout 3s;
    proxy_read_timeout 3s;
    #proxy_next_upstream http_500;
    proxy_http_version 1.1; # 不設(shè)置下面這兩句的話 keepalive 不會(huì)生效。
    proxy_set_header Connection "";
}

proxy_http_version 1.1; 和 proxy_set_header Connection ""; 基本為固定寫法。proxy_http_version 默認(rèn)為 1.0 ，雖然也可以使用 proxy_set_header Connection "Keep-Alive" ，但是不建議。

upstream 設(shè)置 keepalive ：

upstream app {
    #ip_hash;
    #hash user_$arg_username;
    #least_conn;
    zone xx 64k;
    server nginx2 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=10;
    #server nginx3 weight=2;
    #server nginx backup;
    keepalive 1; # 必須設(shè)置，意為每個(gè) nginx worker 可以保持的 keepalive conn 最大數(shù)。不建議設(shè)置過大值。
    keepalive_requests 4; # 每個(gè) keepalive conn 最大處理請(qǐng)求數(shù)。
    keepalive_timeout 60s; # keepalive conn 超時(shí)關(guān)閉時(shí)間。
}

tcpdump 查看 keepalive 效果：

15:25:37.264143 IP 172.18.0.1.57220 > purelight-php_nginx_1.purelight-php_web-network.80: Flags [S], seq 16320911, win 65495, options [mss 65495,sackOK,TS val 645953038 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0
15:25:37.265068 IP purelight-php_nginx_1.purelight-php_web-network.45708 > 8181b9d298c6.80: Flags [S], seq 2511631817, win 64240, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 4203609952 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0
15:25:37.265110 IP 8181b9d298c6.80 > purelight-php_nginx_1.purelight-php_web-network.45708: Flags [S.], seq 2536051365, ack 2511631818, win 65160, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 3638293007 ecr 4203609952,nop,wscale 7], length 0
15:25:37.265194 IP purelight-php_nginx_1.purelight-php_web-network.45708 > 8181b9d298c6.80: Flags [.], ack 1, win 502, options [nop,nop,TS val 4203609952 ecr 3638293007], length 0
15:25:37.265392 IP purelight-php_nginx_1.purelight-php_web-network.45708 > 8181b9d298c6.80: Flags [P.], seq 1:70, ack 1, win 502, options [nop,nop,TS val 4203609953 ecr 3638293007], length 69: HTTP: GET /up HTTP/1.1
15:25:37.265413 IP 8181b9d298c6.80 > purelight-php_nginx_1.purelight-php_web-network.45708: Flags [.], ack 70, win 509, options [nop,nop,TS val 3638293008 ecr 4203609953], length 0
15:25:37.265558 IP 8181b9d298c6.80 > purelight-php_nginx_1.purelight-php_web-network.45708: Flags [P.], seq 1:246, ack 70, win 509, options [nop,nop,TS val 3638293008 ecr 4203609953], length 245: HTTP: HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error
15:25:37.265707 IP purelight-php_nginx_1.purelight-php_web-network.45708 > 8181b9d298c6.80: Flags [.], ack 246, win 501, options [nop,nop,TS val 4203609953 ecr 3638293008], length 0

------------

15:25:56.812996 IP purelight-php_nginx_1.purelight-php_web-network.45708 > 8181b9d298c6.80: Flags [P.], seq 70:139, ack 246, win 501, options [nop,nop,TS val 4203629536 ecr 3638293008], length 69: HTTP: GET /up HTTP/1.1
15:25:56.813048 IP 8181b9d298c6.80 > purelight-php_nginx_1.purelight-php_web-network.45708: Flags [.], ack 139, win 509, options [nop,nop,TS val 3638312591 ecr 4203629536], length 0
15:25:56.813260 IP 8181b9d298c6.80 > purelight-php_nginx_1.purelight-php_web-network.45708: Flags [P.], seq 246:491, ack 139, win 509, options [nop,nop,TS val 3638312592 ecr 4203629536], length 245: HTTP: HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error
15:25:56.813359 IP purelight-php_nginx_1.purelight-php_web-network.45708 > 8181b9d298c6.80: Flags [.], ack 491, win 501, options [nop,nop,TS val 4203629537 ecr 3638312592], length 0


------------

15:26:06.122308 IP purelight-php_nginx_1.purelight-php_web-network.45708 > 8181b9d298c6.80: Flags [P.], seq 139:208, ack 491, win 501, options [nop,nop,TS val 4203638846 ecr 3638312592], length 69: HTTP: GET /up HTTP/1.1
15:26:06.122378 IP 8181b9d298c6.80 > purelight-php_nginx_1.purelight-php_web-network.45708: Flags [.], ack 208, win 509, options [nop,nop,TS val 3638321901 ecr 4203638846], length 0
15:26:06.122624 IP 8181b9d298c6.80 > purelight-php_nginx_1.purelight-php_web-network.45708: Flags [P.], seq 491:736, ack 208, win 509, options [nop,nop,TS val 3638321901 ecr 4203638846], length 245: HTTP: HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error
15:26:06.122707 IP purelight-php_nginx_1.purelight-php_web-network.45708 > 8181b9d298c6.80: Flags [.], ack 736, win 501, options [nop,nop,TS val 4203638846 ecr 3638321901], length 0

--------

15:26:12.115643 IP purelight-php_nginx_1.purelight-php_web-network.45708 > 8181b9d298c6.80: Flags [P.], seq 208:277, ack 736, win 501, options [nop,nop,TS val 4203644839 ecr 3638321901], length 69: HTTP: GET /up HTTP/1.1
15:26:12.115700 IP 8181b9d298c6.80 > purelight-php_nginx_1.purelight-php_web-network.45708: Flags [.], ack 277, win 509, options [nop,nop,TS val 3638327894 ecr 4203644839], length 0
15:26:12.115951 IP 8181b9d298c6.80 > purelight-php_nginx_1.purelight-php_web-network.45708: Flags [P.], seq 736:981, ack 277, win 509, options [nop,nop,TS val 3638327894 ecr 4203644839], length 245: HTTP: HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error
15:26:12.116054 IP purelight-php_nginx_1.purelight-php_web-network.45708 > 8181b9d298c6.80: Flags [.], ack 981, win 501, options [nop,nop,TS val 4203644839 ecr 3638327894], length 0
15:26:12.116201 IP purelight-php_nginx_1.purelight-php_web-network.45708 > 8181b9d298c6.80: Flags [F.], seq 277, ack 981, win 501, options [nop,nop,TS val 4203644840 ecr 3638327894], length 0
15:26:12.117717 IP 8181b9d298c6.80 > purelight-php_nginx_1.purelight-php_web-network.45708: Flags [F.], seq 981, ack 278, win 509, options [nop,nop,TS val 3638327896 ecr 4203644840], length 0
15:26:12.117768 IP purelight-php_nginx_1.purelight-php_web-network.45708 > 8181b9d298c6.80: Flags [.], ack 982, win 501, options [nop,nop,TS val 4203644841 ecr 3638327896], length 0
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