1.parent

配置了parent屬性的bean可以繼承指定的bean的屬性。
例子：
Singer.java

public class Singer {

    private String gender;
    private String country;
    private String name;

    // 省略setter和getter...
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "[" + country + " " + gender + " " + name + "]";
    }
}

context.xml，定義的Jane和Bibi都指定ChineseFemaleSinger為parent，她們將繼承ChineseFemaleSinger的country和gender屬性。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd" default-autowire="byName">

    <bean id="ChineseFemaleSinger" class="source.Singer" abstract="true" >
        <property name="country" value="中國"/>
        <property name="gender" value="女"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="Jane" parent="ChineseFemaleSinger">
        <property name="name" value="張靚穎"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="Bibi" parent="ChineseFemaleSinger">
        <property name="name" value="周筆暢"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

App.java

public class App {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:context.xml");
        Singer jane = (Singer)context.getBean("Jane");
        Singer bibi = (Singer)context.getBean("Bibi");
        System.out.println(jane);
        System.out.println(bibi);
    }
}

執(zhí)行App的main方法，輸出：

[中國 女 張靚穎]
[中國 女 周筆暢]

2.depends-on

配置了depends-on的bean會(huì)在被指定的bean初始化之后初始化，銷毀前銷毀。
例子：
BeanA.java

public class BeanA {

    public void init() {
        System.out.println("beanA is initialized");
    }

    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("beanA is destroyed");
    }
}

BeanB.java

public class BeanB {

    public void init() {
        System.out.println("beanB is initialized");
    }

    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("beanB is destroyed");
    }
}

context.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd" default-autowire="byName">

    <bean id="beanA" class="source.BeanA" init-method="init" destroy-method="destroy"/>
    <bean id="beanB" class="source.BeanB" depends-on="beanA" init-method="init" destroy-method="destroy"/>
</beans>

beanA和beanB都配置了init-method和destroy-method，在初始化和銷毀時(shí)輸出一些信息，以便判斷初始化和銷毀的順序。
App.java

public class App {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:context.xml");
        ((ClassPathXmlApplicationContext) context).close();
    }
}

執(zhí)行main方法，輸出

beanA is initialized
beanB is initialized
beanB is destroyed
beanA is destroyed

可以看到，beanB在beanA初始化后初始化，在beanA銷毀前銷毀。

3.factory-bean、factory-method

factory-bean屬性指定一個(gè)bean，factory-method指定某個(gè)返回一個(gè)對(duì)象的方法。
例子：
Phone.java

public class Phone {

    private String brand;
    private String model;
    private String ram;
    private String cpu;
    private String assembledBy;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Phone{" +
                "brand='" + brand + '\'' +
                ", model='" + model + '\'' +
                ", ram='" + ram + '\'' +
                ", cpu='" + cpu + '\'' +
                ", assembledBy='" + assembledBy + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
    // 省略setter和getter
}

IphoneFactory.java

public class IPhoneFactory {

    private String factoryName;

    public String getFactoryName() {
        return factoryName;
    }

    public void setFactoryName(String factoryName) {
        this.factoryName = factoryName;
    }
    public Phone getPhone() throws Exception {
        Phone p = new Phone();
        p.setBrand("APPLE");
        p.setCpu("A12");
        p.setModel("X");
        p.setRam("4GB");
        p.setAssembledBy(factoryName);
        return p;
    }
}

context.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd" default-autowire="byName">

    <bean id="iphoneFactory" class="source.IPhoneFactory">
        <property name="factoryName" value="Foxconn" />
    </bean>
    <bean id="iphone" factory-bean="iphoneFactory" factory-method="getPhone">
    </bean>
</beans>

App.java

public class App {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:context.xml");
        System.out.println(context.getBean("iphone"));
    }
}

執(zhí)行main方法，輸出

Phone{brand='APPLE', model='X', ram='4GB', cpu='A12', assembledBy='Foxconn'}