關(guān)于Java自動(dòng)裝箱和拆箱
- 基本數(shù)據(jù)(Primitive)類(lèi)型的自動(dòng)裝箱(autoboxing)、拆箱(unboxing)是自J2SE 5.0開(kāi)始提供的功能
- 自動(dòng)裝箱,個(gè)人感覺(jué)也就是為了所謂的java泛型,泛型就是一種糖,裝箱是一種糖也就更好解釋了。并且兩者都是編譯器提供的,都存在于編譯期(當(dāng)然編譯器做的越多,JVM就可以解釋的越快),我想通過(guò)反編譯,可以輕松的發(fā)現(xiàn)。
- 自動(dòng)裝箱:把基本類(lèi)型用它們對(duì)應(yīng)的引用類(lèi)型包裝起來(lái),使它們具有對(duì)象的特質(zhì) Integer a=3(Integer源碼,注釋的信息量很大啊( ̄ ̄)")
/**
* Returns an {@code Integer} instance representing the specified
* {@code int} value. If a new {@code Integer} instance is not
* required, this method should generally be used in preference to
* the constructor {@link #Integer(int)}, as this method is likely
* to yield significantly better space and time performance by
* caching frequently requested values.
*
* This method will always cache values in the range -128 to 127,
* inclusive, and may cache other values outside of this range.
*
* @param i an {@code int} value.
* @return an {@code Integer} instance representing {@code i}.
* @since 1.5
*/
public static Integer valueOf(int i) {
assert IntegerCache.high >= 127;
if (i >= IntegerCache.low && i <= IntegerCache.high)
return IntegerCache.cache[i + (-IntegerCache.low)];
return new Integer(i);
}
- 自動(dòng)拆箱:將Integer及Double這樣的引用類(lèi)型的對(duì)象重新簡(jiǎn)化為基本類(lèi)型的數(shù)據(jù) int i = new Integer(2)
/**
* Returns the value of this {@code Integer} as an
* {@code int}.
*/
public int intValue() {
return value;
}
基本類(lèi)型防迷惑
- 基本類(lèi)型不管多大,==都返回true,因?yàn)榛绢?lèi)型不會(huì)比較地址,更不存在equals
/**
* 基本類(lèi)型不管多大,==都返回true,因?yàn)榛绢?lèi)型不會(huì)比較地址,更不存在equals
*/
int a1 = 121,a2 = 121;
int b1 = 128,b2 = 128;
System.out.println(a1 == a2);//true
System.out.println(b1 == b2);//true
包裝類(lèi)所提供的緩存機(jī)制
- 每個(gè)整形的包裝類(lèi),包括Long、Integer、Short、Byte、Character,都提供了緩存機(jī)制(一種優(yōu)化手段),但是Float、Double沒(méi)有,也就沒(méi)有==比較的有趣現(xiàn)象了。
//Integer
Integer l1 = 12;
Integer l2 = 12;
Integer l3 = 128;
Integer l4 = 128;
System.out.println(l1 == l2);//true
System.out.println(l3 == l4);//false
//Long
Long l5 = 128L;
Long l6 = 128L;
System.out.println(l5 == l6);//false
Double d1 = 12d;
Double d2 = 12d;
System.out.println(d1 == d2);//false
- 調(diào)整JVM參數(shù)-XX:AutoBoxCacheMax=250,最大緩存值可以達(dá)到-128—250 ,只能調(diào)整上限,這和Integer緩存算法實(shí)現(xiàn)有關(guān),當(dāng)然這個(gè)參數(shù)只對(duì)Integer有效,Long...無(wú)法調(diào)節(jié),通過(guò)源碼可以清楚的看到這一點(diǎn)。
/**
* 調(diào)節(jié)虛擬機(jī)參數(shù):-XX:AutoBoxCacheMax=250后,最大緩存值可以達(dá)到-128——250
*/
@org.junit.Test
public void test2(){
Integer l3 = 250;
Integer l4 = 250;
System.out.println(l3 == l4);//true
}
- 關(guān)于包裝類(lèi)的equals
/**
* Compares this object to the specified object. The result is
* {@code true} if and only if the argument is not
* {@code null} and is an {@code Integer} object that
* contains the same {@code int} value as this object.
*
* @param obj the object to compare with.
* @return {@code true} if the objects are the same;
* {@code false} otherwise.
*/
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (obj instanceof Integer) {
return value == ((Integer)obj).intValue();
}
return false;
}
- 關(guān)于==,說(shuō)-128—127存在所謂的常量池(因?yàn)榫彺婢褪且粋€(gè)靜態(tài)數(shù)組,可以認(rèn)為存在常量池),不如說(shuō)是整形包裝類(lèi)停供的緩存機(jī)制,因?yàn)楫?dāng)-128—127是從緩存(xxxCache數(shù)組)中取。
- 每一個(gè)整形包裝類(lèi)里面都有一個(gè),私有靜態(tài)內(nèi)部類(lèi)XXXCache,里面含有對(duì)應(yīng)類(lèi)型的固定長(zhǎng)度(其實(shí)通過(guò)JVM參數(shù)可以調(diào)節(jié))的final cache數(shù)組 。見(jiàn)下面源碼(注意注釋):
/**
* Cache to support the object identity semantics of autoboxing for values between
* -128 and 127 (inclusive) as required by JLS.
*
* The cache is initialized on first usage. The size of the cache
* may be controlled by the -XX:AutoBoxCacheMax=<size> option.
* During VM initialization, java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high property
* may be set and saved in the private system properties in the
* sun.misc.VM class.
*/
private static class IntegerCache {
static final int low = -128;
static final int high;
static final Integer cache[];
static {
// high value may be configured by property
int h = 127;
String integerCacheHighPropValue =
sun.misc.VM.getSavedProperty("java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high");
if (integerCacheHighPropValue != null) {
int i = parseInt(integerCacheHighPropValue);
i = Math.max(i, 127);
// Maximum array size is Integer.MAX_VALUE
h = Math.min(i, Integer.MAX_VALUE - (-low) -1);
}
high = h;
cache = new Integer[(high - low) + 1];
int j = low;
for(int k = 0; k < cache.length; k++)
cache[k] = new Integer(j++);
}
private IntegerCache() {}
}
再看一下Long的(很簡(jiǎn)單):
private static class LongCache {
private LongCache(){}
static final Long cache[] = new Long[-(-128) + 127 + 1];
static {
for(int i = 0; i < cache.length; i++)
cache[i] = new Long(i - 128);
}
}
- 再看一下valueOf的源碼,就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)如果值在-128—127,會(huì)直接從cache(就是一個(gè)數(shù)組,在XXXCache私有靜態(tài)內(nèi)部類(lèi)中)中取。
public static Long valueOf(long l) {
final int offset = 128;
//判斷
if (l >= -128 && l <= 127) { // will cache
return LongCache.cache[(int)l + offset];
}
//否則直接返回new出來(lái)的
return new Long(l);
}