——如何閱讀一本書(shū)筆記 9
Part 2 Analytical Reading
CH10 Criticizing a Book Fairly
這一章節(jié)，進(jìn)入分析閱讀的第三階段。作者寫(xiě)的邏輯清晰，所以讀起來(lái)特別有勁。
如何公正的評(píng)價(jià)一本書(shū)？
作者說(shuō)：讀書(shū)是一場(chǎng)對(duì)話。
對(duì)話是為了達(dá)成有利的結(jié)果，雙方達(dá)成共識(shí)。對(duì)話的前提是充分的了解對(duì)方，使用一定的溝通技巧，消除誤解，有理有據(jù)的提出自己的觀點(diǎn)，為什么同意，為什么不同意。溝通不是為了爭(zhēng)個(gè)你輸我贏，分出高下，我們要避免爭(zhēng)議，最終達(dá)到溝通的終極目標(biāo)——解決問(wèn)題。
作者深入淺出， 一步一步讓我們明白為什么閱讀不能止于理解作者的觀點(diǎn)，學(xué)會(huì)公正的評(píng)價(jià)一本給書(shū)。
當(dāng)你讀完一本書(shū)，如果充分理解作者傳達(dá)的知識(shí)和觀點(diǎn)，那么你已經(jīng)和作者站在同一個(gè)高度了。這時(shí)候你們之間進(jìn)行交流，就如高手切磋武藝一樣暢快淋漓，而你必定功力大增。
Words & Phrases (每日五詞）
1. lip service
If you say that someone payslip serviceto an idea, you are critical of them because they say they are in favour of it, but they do not do anything to support
空口的應(yīng)酬話；口惠
2.set yourself up as something
to claim to be something that you are not
Students who plainly do not know what the author is saying seem to have no hesitation in setting themselves up as his judges.
He sets himself up as some kind of financial expert.
3. show sb up
使難堪;使尷尬;使丟臉；If someone or something shows you up, they make you feel embarrassed or ashamed of them.Law a person who brings a case against another in a
If all he wants is the empty satisfaction of seeming to show the author up, the reader can get it readily.
4.contentious /k?n?ten??s/ adjective
causing or likely to cause an argument; controversial
（可能）引起爭(zhēng)論的; 有爭(zhēng)議性的：
5. adjure /??d???(r)/verb
formal urge or request (someone) solemnly or earnestly to do something
〈正式〉懇請(qǐng), 祈求：
I adjure you to tell me the truth.
我懇請(qǐng)你告訴我真相。
Summary of chapter 10
Key words: teachability, critical judgment, rhetorical skill, contentiousness, knowledge and opinion
So far, the author have instructed us in the first and second stage of analytical reading.If you apply the rules stated in previous chapters in the course of reading, you should understand a book you are reading. But the activity of reading does not stop with the work of understanding what a book says. It must be completed by criticism.
In this chapter, the author tells us why and how to criticize a book fairly.
Two basic conditions of criticizing a book fairly:
teachability :Teachability is the ability that an active reader should have. Only the most teachable reader could finally respond to a book by great effort to make up his own mind on the the matter the author discussed.
rhetoric skill :Rhetoric skill is knowing how to react to anyone who tries to convince or persuade us.
There are three rules that instruct us to criticize a book fairly:
- Rule 9 : Before make any judgment, you should completely understand a book.
- Rule 10: When you disagree, please be reasonable.
- Rule 11: Respect the difference between knowledge and mere personal opinion, by giving reasons for any critical judgment you make.
感悟：
1.我們生活在一個(gè)溝通無(wú)處不在的大環(huán)境中，這一章作者雖然針對(duì)閱讀而講，卻對(duì)我們的實(shí)際生活有巨大的幫助。
溝通的前提是什么，采用什么措辭，如何提出異議，如何對(duì)待異議，以及如何消除異議，到最終找解決方案等等，這一系列原則完全可以應(yīng)用在我們?nèi)粘５慕涣髦?，讓我們生活更輕松，高效，甚至成為一個(gè)人見(jiàn)人愛(ài)，花見(jiàn)花開(kāi)的人。哈哈，如果真的能做到，你一定是個(gè)交流高手，至少現(xiàn)在我不行。
我以前的老板是個(gè)加拿大人，有一次他語(yǔ)重心長(zhǎng)得跟我說(shuō)，“Maggie,你知道嗎？你反應(yīng)很快，但是有時(shí)候你反應(yīng)太快，我的話還沒(méi)說(shuō)完，你就告訴我結(jié)果。我覺(jué)得你需要更多的時(shí)間思考再回答。” 在他眼里，我是個(gè)欠缺思考的人，因?yàn)槲覜](méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)思考就回答他的問(wèn)題，甚至沒(méi)有足夠的理由來(lái)支撐我的回答。這是他給我上的非常重要的一課。正如作者在書(shū)中所說(shuō)，
Do not begin to talk back until you have listened carefully and are sure you understand.
2.關(guān)于 Rhetoric skill的理解
昨天晚上讀完the Role of Rhetoric 這一段，躺在床上，反復(fù)思考這個(gè)關(guān)鍵的Term - rhetoric用中文該怎么定義。早上起來(lái)的時(shí)候，覺(jué)得用似乎措辭比修辭更容易理解
作者是這么定義rhetorical skill
“Reciprocally, on the part of the reader or listener, rhetorical skill is knowing how to react to anyone who tries to convince or persuade us”
希望大家一起討論。
