并列句由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上并列而又獨(dú)立的簡單句構(gòu)成。在并列句中, 這些簡單句常由并列連詞連在一起。并列連詞所連接的簡單句被稱為分句。
常見的并列連詞
1. and
(1)and 作并列連詞, 意為“和, 并且”, 當(dāng)連接三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上并列的成分時(shí), 一般在最后兩者之間加 and, 其余用逗號(hào)分開。
He bought a book and a pen. 他買了一本書和一支筆。
Solid, liquid and gas are the three states of matter. 固態(tài)、液態(tài)和氣態(tài)是物質(zhì)的三種狀態(tài)。
(2)go (come, stop 等) + and + 動(dòng)詞, and + 動(dòng)詞相當(dāng)于in order to + 動(dòng)詞。
I'll go and bring back your boots.= I'll go in order to bring back your boots. 我去把你的靴子拿來。
(3)“and + 同一動(dòng)詞”表示動(dòng)作長時(shí)間地“繼續(xù)”或“重復(fù)”。
We waited and waited. 我們等呀等。
(4)“祈使句 + and + 陳述句”相當(dāng)于“if 從句 + 主句”。
Work hard and you will succeed.= If you work hard, you will succeed. 努力工作, 你就會(huì)成功。
One more time ( =Give me one more time) and I will succeed.=
If you give me one more time, I will succeed. 再給我一次機(jī)會(huì), 我就會(huì)成功。
2. or
(1)or 表示選擇, 意為“或, 還是”。
Would you prefer tea or coffee? 你喜歡茶還是咖啡?
Are you going to America by boat or by air? 你到美國是坐船還是坐飛機(jī)?
(2)“祈使句 + or (else) + 陳述句”相當(dāng)于“if...not + 主句”。
Hurry up, or you'll be late for school.= If you don't hurry up, you'll be late for school.?
趕快, 否則你上學(xué)就要遲到了。
Dress warmly, or else you'll catch cold. 穿暖和點(diǎn), 否則你會(huì)感冒的。
3. 表示對(duì)比、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列連詞有 but, yet, whereas, while 等。
Jane said she was ill, yet I saw her in the street just now.
簡說她生病了, 但剛才我在街上看到了她。
He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music.
他喜歡流行音樂, 而我喜歡民間音樂。
Some of the studies show positive results, whereas others do not. 有一些研究結(jié)果令人滿意, 然而其他的則不然。
此外 but 還可用于“I'm sorry but...”, “Excuse me but...” 句型中。
I am sorry but I won't be able to come tonight. 對(duì)不起我今晚不能來。
4. 表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞有 so, for 等。
It must have rained last night, for it is wet all over.
昨晚一定下雨了, 因?yàn)榈教幎际菨竦摹?/p>
The shops were closed, so I didn't get any milk.
商店都關(guān)門了, 所以我沒買到牛奶。
5. when 也可用作并列連詞, 意為“那時(shí), 這時(shí)”, 相當(dāng)于and at this/ that time。常用于下列句式:
① sb. was doing sth. when...;
②sb. was about to do/ going to do/ on the point of doing sth. when...;
③sb. had just done sth. when...。
We were having a meeting when someone broke in.
我們正在開會(huì), 這時(shí)有人闖了進(jìn)來。
We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain.
我們正打算動(dòng)身, 突然下起了雨。
I had just finished my homework when Tom came to me.
我剛寫完作業(yè), Tom 就來找我了。
6. 表示并列關(guān)系的有 both...and..., not...but..., either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also...等。
He spoke with both kindness and understanding. 他說話既親切又明事理。
The point is not who said the words, but whether they are true or not. 關(guān)鍵不是誰說了這些話而是這些話是不是對(duì)的。
Either you are mad or I am.( = Either you are mad or I am mad.)不是你瘋了就是我瘋了。
Neither Tom nor Helen is hardworking. 湯姆和海倫都不勤奮。
Not only men but also women were chosen. 選中的不僅有男性還有女性。
題組訓(xùn)練 用并列連詞填空
①Shall we go out to the cinema or stay at home?
②There are many kinds of sports, but my favorite is swimming.
③Henry is very smart, so many of his classmates like him.
④Work hard and you will be admitted to a key university.
⑤Hurry up or you will be late for the bus.
