備份、更換、更新軟件源
- 備份軟件源：
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup
- 修改文件
sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list
- 國內主要軟件源
# Ubuntu 官方源
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
#網易163
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# 阿里云
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# 中科大
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
- 更新軟件源
sudo apt-get update
設置環(huán)境變量
- （bash）修改單用戶環(huán)境變量文件
sudo vi ~/.bashrc
- （bash）修改所有用戶環(huán)境變量文件
sudo vi /etc/profile
root權限和用戶權限切換
- 切換至root權限
sudo su
- 切換至用戶權限
su <username>
- 修改當前賬號（root或普通用戶）的密碼
passwd
- 修改指定用戶密碼
passwd <username>
服務器文件傳輸
- 本地向服務器文件傳輸
scp -r <uesrname>@<服務器ip>：<服務器指定文件夾路徑> <本地所存文件路徑>
服務器文件下載到本地
scp -r <本地所存文件路徑> <uesrname>@<服務器ip>：<服務器指定文件夾路徑>
ssh服務
- 安裝ssh
sudo apt-get install openssh-server
- 啟動ssh服務
service sshd start
- 查看ssh服務是否開啟
ps -e | grep ssh
- 通過ssh遠程訪問服務器
ssh <username>@<ip>
查看系統(tǒng)信息
查看系統(tǒng)版本信息
uname -a
修改主機名
vi /etc/hostname
查看英偉達GPU型號
lspci | grep -i nvidia
查看NVIDIA驅動版本
sudo dpkg --list | grep nvidia-*
Python安裝及包管理
為python3安裝pip
sudo apt install python3-pip
查看python及其第三方庫路徑
python #python3
import os
os.sys.path