作者：Jakob Nielsen，[原文鏈接]，原文時(shí)間：1995-01-01
Summary: Jakob Nielsen's 10 general principles for interaction design. They are called "heuristics" because they are broad rules of thumb and not specific usability guidelines.
1.Visibility of system status（通過(guò)有效的反饋信息提供顯著的系統(tǒng)狀態(tài)）The system should always keep users informed about what is going on, through appropriate feedback within reasonable time.
2.Match between system and the real world（符合用戶(hù)的真實(shí)世界）The system should speak the users' language, with words, phrases and concepts familiar to the user, rather than system-oriented terms. Follow real-world conventions, making information appear in a natural and logical order.
3.User control and freedom（用戶(hù)自由控制權(quán)）Users often choose system functions by mistake and will need a clearly marked "emergency exit" to leave the unwanted state without having to go through an extended dialogue. Support undo and redo.
4.Consistency and standards（一致性和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)性）Users should not have to wonder whether different words, situations, or actions mean the same thing. Followplatform conventions.
5.Error prevention（預(yù)防出錯(cuò)）Even better than good error messages is a careful design which prevents a problem from occurring in the first place. Either eliminate error-prone conditions or check for them and present users with a confirmation option before they commit to the action.
(Read full article on preventing user errors.)
6.Recognition rather than recall（識(shí)別而不是回憶）Minimize the user's memory load by making objects, actions, and options visible. The user should not have to remember information from one part of the dialogue to another. Instructions for use of the system should be visible or easily retrievable whenever appropriate.(Read full article on recognition vs. recall in UX.)
7.Flexibility and efficiency of use（方便快捷的使用）Accelerators -- unseen by the novice user -- may often speed up the interaction for the expert user such that the system can cater to both inexperienced and experienced users. Allow users to tailor frequent actions.
8.Aesthetic and minimalist design（美觀(guān)，精簡(jiǎn)的設(shè)計(jì)）Dialogues should not contain information which is irrelevant or rarely needed. Every extra unit of information in a dialogue competes with the relevant units of information and diminishes their relative visibility.
9.Help users recognize, diagnose, and recover from errors（協(xié)助用戶(hù)認(rèn)識(shí)，分析和改正錯(cuò)誤）Error messages should be expressed in plain language (no codes), precisely indicate the problem, and constructively suggest a solution.
10.Help and documentation（幫助和說(shuō)明）Even though it is better if the system can be used without documentation, it may be necessary to provide help and documentation. Any such information should be easy to search, focused on the user's task, list concrete steps to be carried out, and not be too large.
