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簡介

Mojo::UserAgent 是一個全功能的非阻塞 I/O HTTP 和 WebSocket 的用戶代理, 支持 IPv6, TLS, SNI, IDNA, Comet (long polling), keep-alive, connection pooling, timeout, cookie, multipart, proxy, gzip 壓縮和多種事件循環(huán)支持.

如果通過fork產(chǎn)生一個新的進程, 全部的連接相關(guān)的信息會被 reset. 所以這個允許多個進程安全的共享Mojo::UserAgent對象。

事件

Mojo::UserAgent 從Mojo::EventEmitter中繼承了全部的事件，并支持了start事件。

$ua->on(start => sub {
  my ($ua, $tx) = @_;
  ...
});

當有任何新的事務(wù)開始之后，在發(fā)起請求之前，會觸發(fā)一次start事件。這包含在proxy中自動發(fā)起的請求和重定向。

$ua->on(start => sub {
  my ($ua, $tx) = @_;
  $tx->req->headers->header('X-Bender' => 'Bite my shiny metal ass!');
});

屬性

Mojo::UserAgent實現(xiàn)的屬性如下。

ca

my $ca = $ua->ca;
$ua    = $ua->ca('/etc/tls/ca.crt');

用于指定TLS證書授權(quán)文件所在的路徑，默認是MOJO_CA_FILE環(huán)境變量的值，使用這個屬性會激活主機名驗證。

 # Show certificate authorities for debugging
 IO::Socket::SSL::set_defaults( SSL_verify_callback => sub { say "Authority: $_[2]" and return $_[0] });

cert

my $cert = $ua->cert;
$ua      = $ua->cert('/etc/tls/client.crt');

指定TLS證書文件所在路徑，默認是MOJO_CERT_FILE環(huán)境變量的值。

connect_timeout

my $timeout = $ua->connect_timeout;
$ua         = $ua->connect_timeout(5);

建立連接所需的最長時間，單位為：秒(s)。如果連接在這個時間內(nèi)還沒有建立完成，則當前請求會被取消。默認值是MOJO_CONNECT_TIMEOUT環(huán)境變量的值或者是10。

cookie_jar

my $cookie_jar = $ua->cookie_jar;
$ua            = $ua->cookie_jar(Mojo::UserAgent::CookieJar->new);

對用戶代理（Mojo::UserAgent對象）的請求進行Cookie管理的類，默認是Mojo::UserAgent::CookieJar對象。

# Ignore all cookies
$ua->cookie_jar->ignore(sub { 1 });

# Ignore cookies for public suffixes
my $ps = IO::Socket::SSL::PublicSuffix->default;
$ua->cookie_jar->ignore(sub {
  my $cookie = shift;
  return undef unless my $domain = $cookie->domain;
  return ($ps->public_suffix($domain))[0] eq '';
});

# Add custom cookie to the jar
$ua->cookie_jar->add(
  Mojo::Cookie::Response->new(
    name   => 'foo',
    value  => 'bar',
    domain => 'mojolicious.org',
    path   => '/perldoc'
  )
);

inactivity_timeout

my $timeout = $ua->inactivity_timeout;
$ua         = $ua->inactivity_timeout(15);

連接在關(guān)閉之前被允許處于inactive狀態(tài)的最長時間。默認為MOJO_INACTIVITY_TIMEOUT 環(huán)境變量的值或20。如果設(shè)置為0則表示允許連接一直處于inactive狀態(tài)。

ioloop

my $loop = $ua->ioloop;
$ua = $ua->ioloop(Mojo::IOLoop->new);

用于阻塞I/O操作的事件循環(huán)對象。默認是Mojo::IOLoop對象。

key

my $key = $ua->key;
$ua     = $ua->key('/etc/tls/client.crt');

TLS密鑰文件的路徑，默認為MOJO_KEY_FILE環(huán)境變量的默認值。

local_address

my $address = $ua->local_address;
$ua         = $ua->local_address('127.0.0.1');

要綁定的本地地址。

max_connections

my $max = $ua->max_connections;
$ua     = $ua->max_connections(5);

允許存在的keep-alive連接的最大數(shù)量，當keep-alive連接數(shù)量超過這個值時，舊的連接將會被關(guān)閉。默認值是5；如果將值設(shè)置為0，則表示禁止使用keep-alive連接保持。

max_redirects

my $max = $ua->max_redirects;
$ua     = $ua->max_redirects(3);

用戶代理在完成一次請求前允許進行重定向的最大次數(shù)。超出這個次數(shù)就會請求失敗。默認值是MOJO_MAX_REDIRECTS環(huán)境變量的值或是0。

max_response_size

用戶代理允許的response的最大值，默認為Mojo::Message::Response中的max_message_size的值。將值設(shè)置為0表示允許無限大的response。

注：如果您嘗試使用Mojo::Message中的方法dom或json來解析一個很大的response，會消耗非常大的內(nèi)在。

proxy

my $proxy = $ua->proxy;
$ua       = $ua->proxy(Mojo::UserAgent::Proxy->new);

代理管理器，默認使用Mojo::UserAgent::Proxy對象。

# Detect proxy servers from environment
$ua->proxy->detect;

# Manually configure HTTP proxy (using CONNECT for HTTPS/WebSockets)
$ua->proxy->http('http://127.0.0.1:8080')->https('http://127.0.0.1:8080');

# Manually configure Tor (SOCKS5)
$ua->proxy->http('socks://127.0.0.1:9050')->https('socks://127.0.0.1:9050');

# Manually configure UNIX domain socket (using CONNECT for HTTPS/WebSockets)
$ua->proxy->http('http+unix://%2Ftmp%2Fproxy.sock')->https('http+unix://%2Ftmp%2Fproxy.sock');

request_timeout

my $timeout = $ua->request_timeout;
$ua         = $ua->request_timeout(5);

建立連接、發(fā)送請求和接收響應的最長時間(秒s)，超時而沒有完成的請求會被用戶代理關(guān)閉。默認為MOJO_RESQUEST_TIMEOUT環(huán)境變量的值或0。將值設(shè)為0表示讓用戶代理一直等待直到。每次重定向都會重值請求時長。

# Total limit of 5 seconds, of which 3 seconds may be spent connecting
$ua->max_redirects(0)->connect_timeout(3)->request_timeout(5);

server

my $server = $ua->server;
$ua        = $ua->server(Mojo::UserAgent::Server->new);

應用程序服務(wù)器，相對路徑的URL會被它處理。默認值為Mojo::UserAgent::Server對象。

# Mock web service
$ua->server->app(Mojolicious->new);
$ua->server->app->routes->get('/time' => sub {
  my $c = shift;
  $c->render(json => {now => time});
});
my $time = $ua->get('/time')->result->json->{now};

# Change log level
$ua->server->app->log->level('fatal');

# Port currently used for processing relative URLs blocking
say $ua->server->url->port;

# Port currently used for processing relative URLs non-blocking
say $ua->server->nb_url->port;

transactor

my $t = $ua->transactor;
$ua   = $ua->transactor(Mojo::UserAgent::Transactor->new);

事務(wù)構(gòu)建器，默認為Mojo::UserAgent::Transactor對象。

# Change name of user agent
$ua->transactor->name('MyUA 1.0');

方法

Mojo::UserAgent從Mojo::EventEmitter中函數(shù)了所有的方法，并實現(xiàn)了以下新方法。

build_tx

my $tx = $ua->build_tx(GET => 'example.com');
my $tx = $ua->build_tx(PUT=>'http://example.com'=>{Accept => '*/*'} => 'Content!');
my $tx = $ua->build_tx(PUT => 'http://example.com' => {Accept => '*/*'} => form => {a => 'b'});
my $tx = $ua->build_tx(PUT => 'http://example.com' => {Accept => '*/*'} => json => {a => 'b'});

使用Mojo::UserAgent::Transactor包中的tx方法創(chuàng)建一個Mojo::Transaction::HTTP對象。

# Request with custom cookie
my $tx = $ua->build_tx(GET => 'https://example.com/account');
$tx->req->cookies({name => 'user', value => 'sri'});
$tx = $ua->start($tx);

# Deactivate gzip compression
my $tx = $ua->build_tx(GET => 'example.com');
$tx->req->headers->remove('Accept-Encoding');
$tx = $ua->start($tx);

# Interrupt response by raising an error
my $tx = $ua->build_tx(GET => 'http://example.com');
$tx->res->on(progress => sub {
  my $res = shift;
  return unless my $server = $res->headers->server;
  $res->error({message => 'Oh noes, it is IIS!'}) if $server =~ /IIS/;
});
$tx = $ua->start($tx);

build_websocket_tx

my $tx = $ua->build_websocket_tx('ws://example.com');
my $tx = $ua->build_websocket_tx('ws://example.com' => {DNT => 1} => ['v1.proto']);

使用mojo::UserAgent::Transactor包中的websocket方法生成一個Mojo::Transaction::HTTP對象。

# Custom WebSocket handshake with cookie
my $tx = $ua->build_websocket_tx('wss://example.com/echo');
$tx->req->cookies({name => 'user', value => 'sri'});
$ua->start($tx => sub {
  my ($ua, $tx) = @_;
  say 'WebSocket handshake failed!' and return unless $tx->is_websocket;
  $tx->on(message => sub {
    my ($tx, $msg) = @_;
    say "WebSocket message: $msg";
    $tx->finish;
  });
  $tx->send('Hi!');
});
Mojo::IOLoop->start unless Mojo::IOLoop->is_running;

delete

my $tx = $ua->delete('example.com');
my $tx = $ua->delete('http://example.com' => {Accept => '*/*'} => 'Content!');
my $tx = $ua->delete('http://example.com' => {Accept => '*/*'} => form => {a => 'b'});
my $tx = $ua->delete('http://example.com' => {Accept => '*/*'} => json => {a => 'b'});

執(zhí)行阻塞的HTTP DELETE請求，并返回Mojo::Transaction::HTTP的對象，除了默認使用了DELETE方法之外和調(diào)用Mojo::UserAgent::Transactor中的tx函數(shù)使用相同的參數(shù)。如果在后面附加了回調(diào)函數(shù)，則可以執(zhí)行非阻塞的DELETE請求。

$ua->delete('http://example.com' => json => {a => 'b'} => sub {
  my ($ua, $tx) = @_;
  say $tx->result->body;
});
Mojo::IOLoop->start unless Mojo::IOLoop->is_running;

get

my $tx = $ua->get('example.com');
my $tx = $ua->get('http://example.com' => {Accept => '*/*'} => 'Content!');
my $tx = $ua->get('http://example.com' => {Accept => '*/*'} => form => {a => 'b'});
my $tx = $ua->get('http://example.com' => {Accept => '*/*'} => json => {a => 'b'});

執(zhí)行阻塞的HTTP GET請求，并返回Mojo::Transaction::HTTP的對象，除了默認使用了GET方法之外和調(diào)用Mojo::UserAgent::Transactor中的tx函數(shù)使用相同的參數(shù)。如果在后面附加了回調(diào)函數(shù)，則可以執(zhí)行非阻塞的GET請求。

$ua->get('http://example.com' => json => {a => 'b'} => sub {
  my ($ua, $tx) = @_;
  say $tx->result->body;
});
Mojo::IOLoop->start unless Mojo::IOLoop->is_running;

head

my $tx = $ua->head('example.com');
my $tx = $ua->head('http://example.com' => {Accept => '*/*'} => 'Content!');
my $tx = $ua->head('http://example.com' => {Accept => '*/*'} => form => {a => 'b'});
my $tx = $ua->head('http://example.com' => {Accept => '*/*'} => json => {a => 'b'});

執(zhí)行阻塞的HTTP HEAD請求，并返回Mojo::Transaction::HTTP的對象，除了默認使用了HEAD方法之外和調(diào)用Mojo::UserAgent::Transactor中的tx函數(shù)使用相同的參數(shù)。如果在后面附加了回調(diào)函數(shù)，則可以執(zhí)行非阻塞的HEAD請求。

$ua->head('http://example.com' => json => {a => 'b'} => sub {
  my ($ua, $tx) = @_;
  say $tx->result->body;
});
Mojo::IOLoop->start unless Mojo::IOLoop->is_running;

options

my $tx = $ua->options('example.com');
my $tx = $ua->options('http://example.com' => {Accept => '*/*'} => 'Content!');
my $tx = $ua->options('http://example.com' => {Accept => '*/*'} => form => {a => 'b'});
my $tx = $ua->options('http://example.com' => {Accept => '*/*'} => json => {a => 'b'});

執(zhí)行阻塞的HTTP OPTIONS請求，并返回Mojo::Transaction::HTTP的對象，除了默認使用了OPTIONS方法之外和調(diào)用Mojo::UserAgent::Transactor中的tx函數(shù)使用相同的參數(shù)。如果在后面附加了回調(diào)函數(shù)，則可以執(zhí)行非阻塞的OPTIONS請求。

$ua->options('http://example.com' => json => {a => 'b'} => sub {
  my ($ua, $tx) = @_;
  say $tx->result->body;
});
Mojo::IOLoop->start unless Mojo::IOLoop->is_running;

patch

my $tx = $ua->patch('example.com');
my $tx = $ua->patch('http://example.com' => {Accept => '*/*'} => 'Content!');
my $tx = $ua->patch('http://example.com' => {Accept => '*/*'} => form => {a => 'b'});
my $tx = $ua->patch('http://example.com' => {Accept => '*/*'} => json => {a => 'b'});

執(zhí)行阻塞的HTTP PATCH請求，并返回Mojo::Transaction::HTTP的對象，除了默認使用了PATCH方法之外和調(diào)用Mojo::UserAgent::Transactor中的tx函數(shù)使用相同的參數(shù)。如果在后面附加了回調(diào)函數(shù)，則可以執(zhí)行非阻塞的PATCH請求。

$ua->patch('http://example.com' => json => {a => 'b'} => sub {
  my ($ua, $tx) = @_;
  say $tx->result->body;
});
Mojo::IOLoop->start unless Mojo::IOLoop->is_running;

post

my $tx = $ua->post('example.com');
my $tx = $ua->post('http://example.com' => {Accept => '*/*'} => 'Content!');
my $tx = $ua->post('http://example.com' => {Accept => '*/*'} => form => {a => 'b'});
my $tx = $ua->post('http://example.com' => {Accept => '*/*'} => json => {a => 'b'});

執(zhí)行阻塞的HTTP POST請求，并返回Mojo::Transaction::HTTP的對象，除了默認使用了POST方法之外和調(diào)用Mojo::UserAgent::Transactor中的tx函數(shù)使用相同的參數(shù)。如果在后面附加了回調(diào)函數(shù)，則可以執(zhí)行非阻塞的POST請求。

$ua->post('http://example.com' => json => {a => 'b'} => sub {
  my ($ua, $tx) = @_;
  say $tx->result->body;
});
Mojo::IOLoop->start unless Mojo::IOLoop->is_running;

put

my $tx = $ua->put('example.com');
my $tx = $ua->put('http://example.com' => {Accept => '*/*'} => 'Content!');
my $tx = $ua->put('http://example.com' => {Accept => '*/*'} => form => {a => 'b'});
my $tx = $ua->put('http://example.com' => {Accept => '*/*'} => json => {a => 'b'});

執(zhí)行阻塞的HTTP PUT請求，并返回Mojo::Transaction::HTTP的對象，除了默認使用了PUT方法之外和調(diào)用Mojo::UserAgent::Transactor中的tx函數(shù)使用相同的參數(shù)。如果在后面附加了回調(diào)函數(shù)，則可以執(zhí)行非阻塞的PUT請求。

$ua->put('http://example.com' => json => {a => 'b'} => sub {
  my ($ua, $tx) = @_;
  say $tx->result->body;
});
Mojo::IOLoop->start unless Mojo::IOLoop->is_running;

start

my $tx = $ua->start(Mojo::Transaction::HTTP->new);

對自定義的Mojo::Transaction::HTTP對象執(zhí)行阻塞請求，可以手動或使用build_tx進行準備。如果在調(diào)用此函數(shù)時的參數(shù)的最后有回調(diào)函數(shù)，就可以執(zhí)行非阻塞的請求?；卣{(diào)函數(shù)接收到的參數(shù)是Mojo::UserAgent對象和Mojo::Transaction::HTTP對象。

my $tx = $ua->build_tx(GET => 'http://example.com');
$ua->start($tx => sub {
  my ($ua, $tx) = @_;
  say $tx->result->body;
});
Mojo::IOLoop->start unless Mojo::IOLoop->is_running;

websocket

$ua->websocket('ws://example.com' => sub {...});
$ua->websocket('ws://example.com' => {DNT => 1} => ['v1.proto'] => sub {...});

使用對用戶透明的握手連接方式打開非阻塞的WebSocket連接。與使用Mojo::UserAgent::Transactor中的websocket方法時的參數(shù)完全相同?；卣{(diào)函數(shù)接收的參數(shù)可能是Mojo::Transaction::Websocket對象也可能是Mojo::Transaction::HTTP對象，這取決于握手連接是否成功。

$ua->websocket('wss://example.com/echo' => ['v1.proto'] => sub {
  my ($ua, $tx) = @_;
  say 'WebSocket handshake failed!' and return unless $tx->is_websocket;
  say 'Subprotocol negotiation failed!' and return unless $tx->protocol;
  $tx->on(finish => sub {
    my ($tx, $code, $reason) = @_;
    say "WebSocket closed with status $code.";
  });
  $tx->on(message => sub {
    my ($tx, $msg) = @_;
    say "WebSocket message: $msg";
    $tx->finish;
  });
  $tx->send('Hi!');
});
Mojo::IOLoop->start unless Mojo::IOLoop->is_running;

可以通過設(shè)置報文頭Sec-WebSocket-Extensions參數(shù)的值為permessage-deflate來啟用壓縮，這樣可以提高性能；但這樣會使得每個連接的內(nèi)在使用高達300kb。

$ua->websocket('ws://example.com/foo' => {
  'Sec-WebSocket-Extensions' => 'permessage-deflate'
} => sub {...});

調(diào)試功能

可以通過設(shè)置MOJO_USERAGENT_DEBUG環(huán)境變量來開啟高度功能，這樣就可以從STDERR中獲取一些高級的診斷信息。

MOJO_USERAGENT_DEBUG=1

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Mojo::UserAgent

Mojo::UserAgent

簡介

事件

屬性

ca

cert

connect_timeout

cookie_jar

inactivity_timeout

ioloop

key

local_address

max_connections

max_redirects

max_response_size

proxy

request_timeout

server

transactor

方法

build_tx

build_websocket_tx

delete

get

head

options

patch

post

put

start

websocket

調(diào)試功能

相關(guān)閱讀更多精彩內(nèi)容

友情鏈接更多精彩內(nèi)容

色偷偷精品伊人,欧洲久久精品,欧美综合婷婷骚逼,国产AV主播,国产最新探花在线,九色在线视频一区,伊人大交九 欧美,1769亚洲,黄色成人av

Mojo::UserAgent

簡介

事件

屬性

ca

cert

connect_timeout

cookie_jar

inactivity_timeout

ioloop

key

local_address

max_connections

max_redirects

max_response_size

proxy

request_timeout

server

transactor

方法

build_tx

build_websocket_tx

delete

get

head

options

patch

post

put

start

websocket

調(diào)試功能

相關(guān)閱讀更多精彩內(nèi)容

友情鏈接更多精彩內(nèi)容

色偷偷精品伊人,欧洲久久精品,欧美综合婷婷骚逼,国产AV主播,国产最新探花在线,九色在线视频一区,伊人大交九欧美,1769亚洲,黄色成人av