爬蟲入門
功能:
知乎算是對爬蟲比較友好的網(wǎng)站了,但是!
現(xiàn)在登陸驗證碼很惡心,需要點擊圖中倒立的文字!這讓我們這種本來識字就不多的人情何以堪/(ㄒoㄒ)/~~。于是采用替換url參數(shù)的方法,換個登陸驗證碼登陸,驗證碼需要手動輸入。
#coding=utf-8
import urllib2
import re
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests
import time
url = "https://www.zhihu.com/#signin"
requests.adapters.DEFAULT_RETRIES = 511
###
定義函數(shù),輸出驗證碼
###
def captcha(captcha_data):
with open("captcha.jpg","wb")as f:
f.write(captcha_data)
text = raw_input("請輸入驗證碼:")
return text
###
通過抓包可以發(fā)現(xiàn),驗證碼圖片是由unix時間戳生成的,于是我們可以自己抓出登陸時的四位數(shù)字字母驗證碼
###
def zhihulogin():
while True:
try:
sess = requests.Session()
sess.keep_alive = False
headers = {"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/62.0.3202.94 Safari/537.36"}
html = sess.get(url,headers = headers).text
bs = BeautifulSoup(html,"lxml")
_xsrf = bs.find("input",attrs={"name":"_xsrf"}).get("value")
captcha_url = "https://www.zhihu.com/captcha.gif?r=%d&type=login" %(time.time() * 1000)
captcha_data = sess.get(captcha_url,headers =headers).content
text = captcha(captcha_data)
data = {
"_xsrf":_xsrf,
"email":email,
"password":pwd,
"captcha":text
}
response = sess.post("https://www.zhihu.com/login/email",data = data,headers = headers)
print response.text
print captcha_url
print _xsrf
break
except:
###
這里不加sleep的話,好像會報ssl最大連接數(shù)的錯誤,具體的錯誤日志忘了(lll¬ω¬)
###
time.sleep(5)
if __name__ == "__main__":
zhihulogin()
結(jié)束語
執(zhí)行時需要把腳本里面的用戶名和密碼換成有效的,然后執(zhí)行腳本,打開抓出的圖片,輸入驗證碼,就可以登陸知乎啦