• 目錄
  Text　　Some Strategies for Learning English
  翻譯
  語法
  課后習(xí)題及參考答案　　Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ, Ⅶ, Ⅷ, Ⅸ
  Reading Activity　　How to Improve Your Study Habits
  翻譯
  課后習(xí)題及參考答案　　Exercise A, B, C
  Guided Writing　　Part Ⅰ, Ⅱ

• Text

As we are at the start of the course, this seems a good moment to offer some advice on how to make the task of learning English easier.

Some Strategies for Learning English

-
　　Learning English is by no means easy. It takes great diligence and prolonged effort.
　　Nevertheless, while you cannot expect to gain a good command of English without sustained hard work, there are various helpful learning strategies you can employ to make the task easier. Here are some of them.
　　1. Do not treat words in exactly the same way. Have you ever complained about your memory because you find it simply impossible to memorize all the new words you are learning? But, in fact, it is not your memory that is fault. If you head with too many words at a time, some of them are bound to be crowded out. What you need to do is to deal with new words in different ways according to how frequently they occur in every day use. While active words demand constant practice and useful words must be committed to memory, words that do not often occur in everyday situations require just a nodding acquaintance. You will find concentrating on active and useful words the most effective route to enlarging your vocabulary.
　　2. Watch out for idiomatic ways of saying things. Have you ever wondered why we say, “ I’m interested in English”, but “ I am good at French”? And have you ever asked yourself why native English speakers say, “learn the new or secret”, but “l(fā)earn of someone’s success or arrival”? These are all examples of idiomatic usage. In learning English, you must pay attention not only to the meaning of a word, but also to the way native speakers use it in their daily lives.
　　3. Listen to English every day. Listening to English on a regular basis will not only improve your ear, but will also help you build your speaking skills. In addition to language tapes especially prepared for your course, you can also listen to English radio broadcasts, watch English TV, and see English movies. The first time you listen to a taped conversation or passage in English, you may not be able to catch a great deal. Try to get its general meaning first and listen to it over and over again. You will find that with each repetition you will get something more.
　　4. Seize opportunities to speak. It is true that there are few situations at school where you have to communicate in English, but you can seek out opportunities to practice speaking the language. Talking with your classmates, for example, can be an easy and enjoyable way to get some practice. Also try to find native speakers on your campus and feel free to talk with them. Perhaps the easiest way to practice speaking is to rehearse aloud, since this can be done at any time, in any place, and without a partner. For instance, you can look at pictures or objects around you and try to describe them in detail. You can also rehearse everyday situations. After you have made a purchase in a shop or finished a meal in a restaurant and paid the check, pretend that all this happened in an English-speaking county and try to act it out in English.
　　5. Read widely. It is important to read widely because in our learning environment, reading is the main and reliable source of language input. When you choose reading materials, look for things you find interesting, that you can understand without relying too much on dictionary. A page a day is a good way to start. As you go on, you will find that you can do more pages a day and handle materials at a higher level of difficulty.
　　6. Write regularly. Writing is a good way to practice what you already know. Apart from compositions assigned by your teacher, you may find your own reasons for writing. A pen pal provides good motivation; you will learn a lot by trying to communicate with someone who shares your interests, but comes from a different culture. Other ways to write regularly include keeping a diary, writing a short story and summarizing the daily news.
　　Language learning is a process of accumulation. It pays to absorb as much as you can from reading and listening and then try to put what you have learned into practice through speaking and writing.
[717 words]

• 翻譯

課程開始之際，就如何使學(xué)習(xí)英語的任務(wù)更容易提出一些建議似乎正當(dāng)其時(shí)。
-
　　學(xué)習(xí)英語絕非易事。它需要刻苦和長期努力。
　　雖然不經(jīng)過持續(xù)的刻苦努力便不能期望精通英語，然而還是有各種有用的學(xué)習(xí)策略可以用來使這一任務(wù)變得容易一些。以下便是其中的幾種。
　　1. 不要以完全同樣的方式對待所有的生詞。你可曾因?yàn)楹喼睙o法記住所學(xué)的所有單詞而抱怨自己的記憶里太差？其實(shí)，責(zé)任并不在你的記憶力。如果你一下子把太多的生詞塞進(jìn)頭腦，必定有一些生詞會(huì)被擠出來。你需要做的是根據(jù)生詞日常使用的頻率以不同的方式對待它們。積極詞匯需要經(jīng)常練習(xí)，有用的詞匯必須牢記，而在日常情況下不經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的詞只需見到時(shí)認(rèn)識即可。你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)把注意力集中于積極有用的詞上是擴(kuò)大詞匯量最有效的途徑。
　　2. 密切注意地道的表達(dá)方式。你可曾納悶多，為什么我們說“我對英語感興趣”是“I'm interested in English”，而說“我精于法語”則是“I'm good at French”？你可曾問過自己，為什么以英語為母語的人說“獲悉消息或秘密”是“l(fā)earn the news or secret”，而“獲悉某人的成功或到來”卻是“l(fā)earn of someone's success or arrival”？這些都是慣用法的例子。在學(xué)習(xí)英語時(shí)，你不僅必須注意詞義，還必須注意以英語為木魚的人在日常生活中如何使用它。
　　3. 每天聽英語。經(jīng)常聽英語不僅會(huì)提高你的聽力，而且有助你培養(yǎng)說的技能。除了專門為課程準(zhǔn)備的語言磁帶外(現(xiàn)在磁帶這玩意兒應(yīng)該很少了吧)，你還可以聽英語廣播，看英語電視和英語電影。第一次聽錄好音的英語對話或語段，你也許不能聽懂很多。先試著聽懂大意，然后再反復(fù)地聽。你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)每次重復(fù)都會(huì)聽懂更多的東西。
　　4. 抓住機(jī)會(huì)說。的確，在學(xué)校里必須用英語進(jìn)行交流的場合并不多，但你還是可以找到練習(xí)講英語的機(jī)會(huì)。例如，跟你的同班同學(xué)進(jìn)行交談可能就是得到一些聯(lián)系的一種輕松愉快的方式。還可以找校園里以英語為母語的人跟他們隨意交談。或許練習(xí)講英語最容易的方式是高聲朗讀，因?yàn)檫@在任何時(shí)間，任何地方，不需要搭檔就可以做到。例如，你可以看著圖片或身邊的物件，試著對它們詳加描述。你還可以復(fù)述日常情景。在商店里購物或在餐廳里吃完飯付過賬后，假裝這一切都發(fā)生在一個(gè)講英語的國家，試著用英語把它表演出來。
　　5. 廣泛閱讀。廣泛閱讀很重要，因?yàn)樵谖覀兊膶W(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境中，閱讀是最重要、最可靠的語言輸入來源。在選擇閱讀材料時(shí)，要找你認(rèn)為有趣的、不需要過多依賴詞典就能看懂的東西。開始時(shí)每天讀一頁是個(gè)好辦法。接下去，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)你每天可以讀更多頁，而且能對付難度更高的材料。
　　6. 經(jīng)常寫。寫作是聯(lián)系你已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)的東西的好方法。除了老師布置的作業(yè)，你還可以找到自己要寫的理由。有個(gè)筆友可以提供很好的動(dòng)力；與某個(gè)跟你趣味相投但來自不同文化的人進(jìn)行交流，你會(huì)學(xué)到很多東西。經(jīng)常寫作的其他方式還有記日記，寫小故事或概述每天的新聞。
　　語言學(xué)習(xí)是一個(gè)積累的過程。從讀和聽中吸收經(jīng)量多的東西，然后再試著把學(xué)到的東西通過說和寫加以運(yùn)用，定會(huì)大有收益。

• 語法

-
　　Have you ever complained about your memory because you find it simply impossible to memorize all the new words you are learning?
　　在這個(gè)一般疑問句中有一個(gè)because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句: because you find it simply impossible to memorize all the new words you are learning, 其中 it 是 find + it + adj + to 結(jié)構(gòu)的形式賓語, to memorize ... learning 是真正的賓語. 例如:
　　It is important to read widely because in our learning enviroment, reading is the main and most reliable source of language input.
　　you are learning 是省略了引導(dǎo)詞 that 的定語從句, 修飾 new words; complained about sht. 是固定搭配, 意為"抱怨, 埋怨某事".
　　While active words demand constant practice and useful words must be committed to memory, words that do not often occur in everyday situations require just a nodding acquaintance.
　　本句中的 while 是轉(zhuǎn)折連詞(相當(dāng)于 although), 引導(dǎo)了兩個(gè)并列的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系從句: active words ... and useful words ... memory; words that ... acquaintance 是主句部分. 主句中 that do not often occur in everyday situations 是定語從句.
　　Listening to English on a regular basis will not only improve your ear, but will also help you build your speaking skills.
　　not only ... but also 句型表示"不僅...而且..."的意思, 注意前后兩部分連接的句型結(jié)構(gòu), 單詞詞性要一致. 例如:
　　He reads English not only in the moring but also in the evening.
　　Not only America and Russia but also China can send people to the moon now.
　　After you have made a purchase in a shop or finished a meal in a restaurant and paid the check, pretend that all this happened in an English-speaking county and try to act it out in English.
　　本文中用了很多由 when / after / before 等引導(dǎo)的從句+命令句型. 例如:
　　When you choose reading materials, look for things that you find interesting, that you can understand without relying too much on a dictionary.
　　命令句中的邏輯主語和從句中的主語應(yīng)該一致.
　　Other ways to write regularly include keeping a diary, writing a short story and summarizing the daily news.
　　include 后面要跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞(+ing)形式. 例如:
　　The curriculum includes courses in computing.

• 課后習(xí)題及參考答案

Ⅲ. Vocabulary Activities

1.
_____1) by no means easy
_____2) great diligence and prolonged effort
_____3) how frequently they occur
_____4) demand constant practice
_____5) be committed to memory
_____6) enlarge your vocabulary
_____7) on a regular basis
_____8) seek out opportunities
_____9) make a purchase in a shop
_____10) It pays to absorb ...

a. happening very frequently
b. memorized
c. regularly
d. try to find
e. certainly not
f. brings a good result or advantage
g. careful and hard work
h. buy something
i. increase
j. often

keys: e g j a b i c d h f

2.
1) Young as she is, Mary is very good at _____ difficult customers.
2) After explaining his plan in great detail, Bob _____ its main points in a few sentences.
3) The newly-elected government has begun the painful _____ of working out its policies and strategies.
4) At first, Tom found it difficult to _____ what his teachers said in class.
5) You _____ fail the exam if you don’t do any revision(復(fù)習(xí)).
6) Please _____ to call on us whenever you like.
7) There are jobs more dangerous than truck driving, _____, training lions.
8) The marketing department is working on new _____ to improve the company’s share of the market.
9) Many of the students _____ that the exam was too hard.
10) After reading the text three times, the clever boy _____ it _____.
11) The doctor insisted that everything would be alright. _____, I cannot help feeling anxious about the safety of the child.
12) Nowadays we _____ more and more _____ computers to help us in doing everything.
13) _____ being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill.
14) After spending a year in Australia, the little girl has gained quite a good _____ of spoken English.

keys:
1) handing
2) summarized
3) process
4) absorb
5) are bound to
6) feel free
7) for instance
8) strategies
9) complained
10) has committed; to memory
11) Nevertheless
12) rely; on
13) Apart from
14) command

3.
Model:
The police said that the taxi driver was _____ —— he should have slowed down. (fault)
The police said that the taxi driver was at fault —— he should have slowed down.

1) I have warned you _____ to keep away from drugs. (over)
2) If you try to learn too many things _____ , you may get confused. (time)
3) We won’t know if the play will work until we _____ . (practice)
4) You can’t learn English well without _____ idiomatic ways of saying things. (watch)
5) Perter has tried may things with no particular success, but he is _____ an incapable person. (means)
6) Can you turn the music down, please? I can’t _____ my work. (concentrate)
7) _____ teaching at the university, Professor Wilson also works as a legal adviser(法律顧問) to a high-tech company. (addition)
8) If you come to my office, I’ll tell you the story _____. (detail)

keys:
1) over and over again
2) at a time
3) put into practice
4) watching out for
5) by no means
6) concentrate on
7) In addition to
8) in detail

Ⅳ. Enriching Your Word Power

1.

2.
1) add, addition, additional
a) The Us is sending _____ troops to cope with the increasing violence in the region.
b) If the tea is too strong, you can _____ some more water.
c) Most working environments are improved by the _____ of a few plants and pictures.
d) In _____ to his flat in London, he has a villa(別墅) in Italy and a castle in Scotland.

2) effect, effective, effectively
a) These tablets(藥片) work more _____ if you take them before a meal.
b) I tried to persuade him to work hard, but with little _____ .
c) The new drug recommended(推薦) by my doctor is much more _____ in treating headaches.
d) Parents worry about the harmful _____ of TV violence on their children.

3) help(v.), help(n.), helpful, helpless, helpfully, helplessly
a) Sometimes it’s _____ to make a list of what you have to do.
b) If there’s anything I can do to _____, just give me a call.
c) I felt _____ and unable to give her the support she needed.
d) I’m sorry I haven’t been of much _____ to you.
e) Unable to swim, she could do nothing but watch _____ as the boy struggled desperately(拼命地) in the water.
f) The librarian(圖書管理員) _____ told Mary where to find the books she wanted.
g) You’ll find this dictionary most _____ for learners of English.

4) rely, reliance, reliant, reliable, reliably
a) Old and sick, Mrs. Smith is completely _____ on her next-door neighbor to do all her shopping and cleaning.
b) Jenny is very _____ —— if she says she’ll do something she’ll do it.
c) Don’t place too much _____ on what he says. He’s not so _____ .
d) The success of this project(課題) _____ on everyone making an effort.
f) The new machine has now performed _____ for 2,000 hours.

5) repeat, repetition, repeated, repeatedly
a) Their performance improved with each _____ .
b) Would you mind _____ what you’ve just said?
c) The doctors have _____ warned him not to work so hard.
d) In spite of our _____ requests, he still hasn’t sent us his report.
e) His books are full of _____ and irrelevant(不想關(guān)的) information.

keys:
1) additional, add, addition, addition;
2) effectively, effect, effective, effect;
3) helpful, help, helpless, help, helplessly, helpfully, helpful;
4) reliant, reliable, reliance, reliable, relies, reliably;
5) repetition, repeating, repeatedly, repeated, repetition.

Ⅴ. Usage

1. __________ (在我看來), Mr. Parker was to blame for the accident because he was driving too fast.
2. __________ (據(jù)瑪麗說), the new couple aren’t getting on very well at the moment.
3. __________ (據(jù)我們看來), the President should concentrate on international affairs at present.
4. __________ (根據(jù)今天的報(bào)紙), there have been more road accidents in the city recently.
5. __________ (多數(shù)醫(yī)生認(rèn)為), patients have a right to be told about their true condition.

keys:
1. In my opinion
2. According to Mary
3. In our opinion
4. According to today’s papers
5. In most doctors’ opinion 或 According to most doctors

Ⅵ. Structure(結(jié)構(gòu))

1.
Models:
In learning English, you must pay attention to the meaning of a word.
In learning English, you must pay attention to the way native speakers use a word in their daily lives.
In learning English, you must pay attention not only to the meaning of a word, but also to the way native speakers use it in their daily lives.
-
Listening to English on a regular basis will improve your ear.
Listening to English on a regular basis will help you build your speaking skills.
Listening to English on a regular basis will not only improve your ear, but will also help you build your speaking skills.
-
1) Shakespeare was a dramatist(劇作家).
Shakespeare was an actor.
_________________________________
2) Miss Crain took me home in her car.
Miss Crain came the next day to see if I had recovered.
_________________________________
3) Hainan Island attracts tourists in winter.
Hainan Island attracts tourists in summer.
_________________________________
4) There is always a black market in Britain.
There is always a black market in other European countries.
_________________________________
5) At the Athens Olympics in 2004, Liu Xiang Won a gold medal in the 110-meter hurdles(跨欄賽跑).
At the Athens Olympics in 2004, Liu Xiang broke the Olympic record in the 110-meter hurdles.
_________________________________

Keys:
1) Shakespeare was not only a dramatist but also an actor.
2) Miss Crain not only took me home in her car, but also came the next day to see if I had recovered.
3) Hainan Island attracts tourists not only in winter but also in summer.
4) There is always a black market not only in Britain, but also in other European countries.
5) At the Athens Olympics in 2004, Liu Xiang not only won a gold medal in the 110-meter hurdles, but also broke the Olympics record.

2.
Model:
Although there are few situations at school where you have to communicate in English, you can seek out opportunities to practice speaking the language.
It is true that there are few situations at school where you have to communicate in English, but you can seek out opportunities to practice speaking the language.
-
1) Although your sentences are all grammatically correct, they don’t make any sense.
_________________________________
2) Although they lost that battle, they still went on fighting.
_________________________________
3) Although Tom’s very clever and hardworking, I still don’t think he is the right person for the job.
_________________________________
4) Although learning English is by no means easy, we can make the task easier by using some learning strategies.
_________________________________

Keys:
1) It is true that your sentences are all grammatically correct, but they don’t make any sense.
2) It is true that they lost that battle, but they still went on fighting.
3) It is true that Tom’s very clever and hardworking, but I still don’t think he is the right person for the job.
4) It is true that learning English is by no means easy, but we can make the task easier by using some learning strategies.

Ⅶ. Cloze (完形填空)

1.
　　Learning s_____(1) help make the difficult task of studying English easier. For instance, it is beneficial to treat new words in different ways according to how f_____(2) they occur in everyday use: active words you must practice o_____(3); useful word you must c_____(4); words that seldom occur in everyday situations require just a nodding a_____(5). It also pays to w_____(6) idiomatic ways of saying things in English. As idiomatic usage often causes difficulties for Chinese students, you must pay close attention to the way native speakers c_____(7).
　　Language learning is, in fact, an active p_____(8). Students who make a conscious effort to practice English, who seek out o_____(9) to use what day have learned, are more successful than those who r_____(10) the teacher to do the whole job. Undoubtedly, it is all important to p_____(11) through speaking and writing what you have a_____(12) from reading and listening.

keys:
(1) strategies
(2) frequently
(3) over and over again
(4) commit to memory
(5) acquaintance
(6) watch our for
(7) communicate
(8) process
(9) opportunities
(10) rely on
(11) put into practice
(12) absorbed

2.
　　Many of you are studying English and you may be wondering why it is so difficult to learn. It is actually not that difficult to learn _____ (1) you know some basic facts _____ (2) the language and culture that _____ (3) reflects(反映) .
　　Perhaps the first thing you need to _____ (4) about English is that it is made _____ (5) of several other language such _____ (6) French, German, Latin, Greek and Anglo-Saxon. In _____ (7) , there are words from Spanish in English and many American Indian words and names; _____ (8) some Chinese and Japanese words have found their way _____ (9) the English language. This borrowing of words from _____ (10) languages is one of the key reasons _____ (11) some of the difficulties that people meet with _____ (12) they are learning English.

Keys:
(1) if
(2) about
(3) it
(4) know
(5) up
(6) as
(7) addition
(8) even
(9) into
(10) other
(11) for
(12) while

Ⅷ. Spot Dictation

-
　　When I began learning English, I thought I had to do was to _____ (S1) new words. It seemed to me that to express one’s ideas in English was just _____ (S2) putting words together according to the rules of grammar. When I was _____ (S3) to say “I see many books on the _____ (S4)” and “I am going to see the doctor”, I thought I had learned everything about the word see. I did not _____ (S5) until later that we do not say “see a book or newspaper” but “read a book or newspaper” when we mean “l(fā)ook at and understand something _____ (S6) or printed”. I became more interested in English and since then I have been trying to watch out for _____ (S7) ways of saying things. I have now learned to say “join a club” but “_____ (S8) a discussion”, “make a model plane” but “do one’s homework”. I have also learned the _____ (S9) between after and since, between hear and listen to. In a word, I have come to see that we have to pay close attention to English usage in order to _____ (S10) of the language.

Keys:
(S1) memorize
(S2) a matter of
(S3) taught
(S4) shelf
(S5) realize
(S6) written
(S7) idiomatic
(S8) join in
(S9) difference
(S10) gain a good command

Ⅸ. Translation

1. 史密斯太太對我抱怨說，她經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)與自己十六歲的女兒簡直無法溝通。
________________________________________________________
2. 我堅(jiān)信，閱讀簡寫的(simplified)英文小說是擴(kuò)大我們詞匯量的一種輕松愉快的方法。
________________________________________________________
3. 我認(rèn)為我們在保護(hù)環(huán)境不受污染(pollution)方面還做得不夠。
________________________________________________________
4. 除了每周寫作文外，我們的英語老師還給我們不知了八本書在暑假里閱讀。
________________________________________________________
5. 我們從可靠的消息來源獲悉下學(xué)期一位以英語為母語的人將要教我們英語口語。
________________________________________________________
6. 經(jīng)?？措娪安粌H會(huì)提高你的聽力，而且還會(huì)幫助你培養(yǎng)說的技能。
________________________________________________________
7. 如果你們對這些學(xué)習(xí)策略有什么問題，請隨便問我。我將更詳細(xì)地進(jìn)行講解。
________________________________________________________
8. 那個(gè)加拿大女孩善于抓住每個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)講漢語。這就是她為什么三年不到就熟練掌握了漢語口語的原因。
________________________________________________________

Keys:
1. Mrs. Smith complained to me that she often found it simply impossible to communicate with her 16-year-old daughter.
2. I firmly believe that reading simplified English novels is an easy and enjoyable way of enlarging our vocabulary.
3. I don’t think we’re doing enough to protect our environment from pollution.
4. In addition to / Apart from writing compositions on a weekly basis, our English teacher assigned us eight books to read during the summer vacation.
5. We’ve learned from reliable sources that a native English speaker is going to teach us spoken English next term/semester.
6. Seeing English movies on a regular basis will not only improve your ear, but will also help you build your speaking skills.
7. If you have any questions about these learning strategies, please feel free to ask me. And I’ll explain them in greater detail.
8. The Canadian girl is good at seizing every opportunity to speak Chinese. That’s why she has gained a good command of spoken Chinese in less than three years.

• Reading Activity

How to Improve Your Study Habits

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　　Perhaps you are an average student with average intelligence. You do well enough in school, but you probably think you will never be a top student. This is not necessarily the case, however. (1) You can receive better grades if you want to. Yes, even students of average intelligence can be top students without additional work. Here’s how:
　　1. Plan your time carefully. Make a list of your weekly tasks. Then make a schedule or chart of your time. Fill in committed time such as eating, sleeping, meetings, classes, etc. Then decide on good, regular times for studying. Be sure to set aside enough time to complete your normal reading and work assignments. (2) Of course, studying shouldn’t occupy all of the free time on the schedule. It’s important to set aside time for relaxation, hobbies, and entertainment as well. This weekly schedule may not solve all of your problems, but it will make you more aware of how you spend your time. Furthermore, it will enable you to plan your activities so that you have adequate time for both work and play.
　　2. Find a good place to study. Choose one place for your study area. It may be a desk or a chair at home or in the school library, but it should be comfortable, and it should not have distractions. When you begin to work, you should be able to concentrate on the subject.
　　3. Skim before you read. This means looking over a passage quickly before you begin to read it more carefully. As you preview the material, you get some idea of the content and how it is organized. Later when you begin to read you will recognize less important material and you may skip some of these portions. (3) Skimming helps double your reading speed and improves your comprehension as well.
　　4. Make good use of your time in class. Listening to what the teacher says in class means less work later. Sit where you can see hand hear well. Take notes to help you remember what the teacher says.
　　5. Study regularly. Go over your notes as soon as you can after class. Review important points mentioned in class as well as points you remain confused about. Read about these points in your textbook. If you know what the teacher will discuss the next day, skim and read that material too. This will help you understand the next class. (4) If you review your notes and textbook regularly, the material will become more meaningful and you will remember it longer. Regular review leads to improved performance on tests.
　　6. Develop a good attitude about tests. The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. The world won’t end if you don’t pass a test, so don’t worry excessively about a single test. Tests provide grades, but they also let you know what you need to spend more time studying, and they help make you new knowledge permanent.
　　There are other techniques that might help you with your studying. Only a few have been mentioned here. You will probably discover many others after you have tried these. Talk with your classmates about their study techniques. Share with them some of the techniques you have found to be helpful. (5) Improving your study habits will improve your grades.

• 翻譯

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　　你也許是個(gè)智力一般的普通學(xué)生。你在學(xué)校的學(xué)習(xí)成績還不錯(cuò)，可你也許會(huì)覺得自己永遠(yuǎn)也成不了優(yōu)等生。然而實(shí)際情況未必如此。你要是想取得更好的分?jǐn)?shù)，也還是能做到的。是的，即使中等智力水平的學(xué)生，在不增加學(xué)習(xí)負(fù)擔(dān)的情況下，也能成為優(yōu)等生。其訣竅如下：
　　1. 仔細(xì)安排你的時(shí)間。把你每周要完成的任務(wù)一一列出來，然后制定一張時(shí)間表或時(shí)間分配圖。先把用于吃飯、睡覺、開會(huì)、聽課這樣一些非花不可的時(shí)間填上，然后再選定合適的固定時(shí)間用于學(xué)習(xí)。一定要留出足夠的時(shí)間來玩完成正常的閱讀和課外作業(yè)。當(dāng)然，學(xué)習(xí)不應(yīng)把作息表上的空余時(shí)間全都占去，還的給休息、業(yè)余愛好和娛樂活動(dòng)留出一定的時(shí)間，這一點(diǎn)很重要。這張周作息表也許解決不了你所有的問題，但是它會(huì)使你比較清楚地了解你是怎樣使用你的時(shí)間的。此外，它還能讓你安排好各種活動(dòng)，既有足夠的時(shí)間工作，也有足夠的時(shí)間娛樂。
　　2. 尋找一個(gè)合適的地方學(xué)習(xí)。選定某個(gè)地方作為你的“學(xué)習(xí)區(qū)”。這可以是家里或者學(xué)校圖書館里的一張書桌或者一把椅子，但它應(yīng)該是舒適的，而且不該有干擾。在你開始學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)，你應(yīng)該能夠全神貫注與你的功課。
　　3. 閱讀之前先略讀。這就是說，在你仔細(xì)閱讀一篇文章之前，先把它從頭到尾迅速瀏覽一遍。在預(yù)習(xí)材料時(shí)，你就能辨認(rèn)出不太重要的材料，并且可以略去某些章節(jié)不讀。略讀不僅使你的閱讀速度提高一倍，還有助于提高你的理解能力。
　　4. 充分利用課堂上的時(shí)間。上課時(shí)注意聽講意味著課后少花力氣。要坐在能看得見、聽得清的地方。要作筆記來幫助自己記住老師講課的內(nèi)容。
　　5. 學(xué)習(xí)要有規(guī)律。課后要及早復(fù)習(xí)筆記。重溫課堂上提到的要點(diǎn)，復(fù)習(xí)你仍然混淆不清的地方。閱讀教科書上講到這些內(nèi)容的有關(guān)章節(jié)。如果你周到第二天老師要講述的內(nèi)容，那你就把這部分材料瀏覽一下。這有助于你聽懂下一堂課。如果你定期復(fù)習(xí)筆記和課本，你就能更深刻地領(lǐng)會(huì)這些材料的內(nèi)容，你的記憶也會(huì)保持得更長久。定期復(fù)習(xí)是提高考試成績的有效途徑。
　　6. 樹立正確的考試態(tài)度。考試的目的在于考察你掌握某一科目的程度。一次考試不及格，天是不會(huì)塌下來的。因此，不必為個(gè)別的一次考試而過分擔(dān)心。不錯(cuò)，考試是要評定分?jǐn)?shù)的，但考試也讓你知道自己在哪些方面還需要進(jìn)一步下功夫鉆研，而且，考試還有助于你進(jìn)一步鞏固所學(xué)到的新知識。
　　還有另外一些能幫助你提高學(xué)習(xí)效果的方法。這里只是提到寥寥幾種。你嘗試過這幾種方法之后，或許還會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)許多別的方法。跟同學(xué)們一起聊聊它們的學(xué)習(xí)方法。讓他們分享你所發(fā)現(xiàn)的某些行之有效的學(xué)習(xí)方法。改進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣一定會(huì)提高你的學(xué)習(xí)成績。

• 課后習(xí)題及參考答案

Exercise A

1. _____ A student with average intelligence can hardly be a top student unless he or she does a lot of additional work.
2. _____ A weekly schedule will help solve all your problems.
3. _____ You should spend as much time as possible on your work.
4. _____ A good place for study should be quiet, comfortable and spacious.
5. _____ Skimming means reading a passage carefully and slowly.
6. _____ Being attentive and taking notes in class will save you a lot of time after class.
7. _____ If you review your class work regularly, you will get better grades on tests.
8. _____ The main purpose of a test is to provide grades.
9. _____ Improving your study habits means having better learning techniques.
10. _____ The author thinks he has covered most of the important study techniques in this article.

Keys:
1. F. A student with average intelligence can be top students without additional work.
2. F. This weekly schedule may not solve all of your problems.
3. F. Of course, studying shouldn’t occupy all the free time on the schedule. It’s important to set aside time for relaxation, hobbies, and entertainment as well.
4. F. A good place for study may be a desk or a chair at home or in the school library.
5. F. Skimming means looking over a passage quickly before you begin to read it more carefully.
6. T.
7. T.
8. F. The purpose if a test is to show what you have learned about a subject.
9. T.
10. F. The author thinks there are other techniques that might help you with your studying, and only a few have been mentioned here.

Exercise B

1. an average student with average intelligence is a student who ________ .
   a. is neither very bright nor very dull
   b. has a normal ability to learn and understand
   c. does sufficiently well but wins no distinction
   d. all of the above

2. The statement “This is not necessarily the case, however” can best be replaced by ________ .
   a. “But this may not be true”
   b. “But this is absolutely not true”
   c. “This is generally true, though not without exceptions”
   d. “Under no circumstances is this true”

3. According to the author, a weekly schedule is of great importance in that is helps you ________ .
   a. reserve as much time as possible for your homework
   b. spend most of your time fulfilling your obligations as a college student
   c. have adequate time for both work and play
   d. effectively plan all your activities on campus

4. “Committed time” is the time ________ .
   a. required to fulfill one’s obligations and take care of the necessities of life
   b. reserved for a particular purpose
   c. one has to make full use of
   d. during which something meaningful is done

5. Judging from the context, the word “distractions”(Line 3, Para. 3) most probably means ________ .
   a. things that draw away the mind or attention
   b. things that are unusually amusing and entertaining
   c. things that are distressing and annoying
   d. none of the above

6. Which of the following might the author not agree to?
   a. The purpose of a test is to show how well you have learned about a certain subject.
   b. Tests make reading materials more meaningful and help you have a good grasp of what you have learned.
   c. Regular review is definitely a better study habit than waiting to begin reviewing until a quiz or test is announced.
   d. Tests are important but grades are not.

7. “The world will not end” can best be interpreted as ________ .
   a. “it doesn’t matter whether you pass the test or not”
   b. “don’t take it too seriously; it is, after all, a common occurrence”
   c. “don’t feel much too upset; it is not the worst thing that could happen”
   d. “work hard and you will make it next time”

8. This article is intended for ________ .
   a. students who are hard working but with poor performance on tests
   b. students who are eager to improve their academic performance
   c. students in general
   d. language students at college

keys:
1.d　　2.a　　3.c　　4.a　　5.a　　6.d　　7.c　　8.c

Exercise Ｃ

(1) You can receive better grades if you want to. Yes, even students of average intelligence can be top students without additional work.
______________________________

(2) Of course, studying shouldn’t occupy all of the free time on the schedule. It’s important to set aside time for relaxation, hobbies, and entertainment as well.
______________________________

(3) Skimming helps double your reading speed and improves your comprehension as well.
______________________________

(4) If you review your notes and textbook regularly, the material will become more meaningful and you will remember ti longer.
______________________________

(5) Improving your study habits will improve your grades.
______________________________

Keys:
(1) 如果你想得到更好的成績，你就能得到。是的，即便是智力一般的學(xué)生無需多下功夫也能成為尖子生。
(2) 當(dāng)然，學(xué)習(xí)不應(yīng)該占用時(shí)間表上的全部空余時(shí)間。留出時(shí)間休息，搞一點(diǎn)業(yè)余愛好和娛樂也是很重要的。
(3) 略讀可以幫助你將閱讀速度提高一倍，同時(shí)也可以提高你的理解能力。
(4) 如果你定期復(fù)習(xí)你的筆記和課本，你就能更深刻地領(lǐng)會(huì)這些材料的內(nèi)容，你的記憶也會(huì)保持得更長久。
(5) 改進(jìn)你的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣會(huì)提高你的學(xué)習(xí)成績。

• Guided Writing

Part Ⅰ

Model:
The work is good.
It could be better. (yet)
The work is good, yet it could be better.

1. At first she didn’t want to go.
   Later, she changed her mind. (however)
   ______________________________

2. I have read one of his novels.
   I have read a few of his plays. (as well as)
   ______________________________

3. He doesn’t know what happened.
   He doesn’t care what happened. (neither... not)
   ______________________________

4. It was a cold snowy day.
   He had no money left for food. (and)
   ______________________________

5. It rained heavily last night.
   I went to the show anyway. (but)
   ______________________________

6. The books is due(到期的) tomorrow.
   I have to rush through it tonight. (therefore)
   ______________________________

7. Hurry up.
   You’ll be late. (or)
   ______________________________

8. I enjoy classical(古典的) music.
   She enjoys classical music, too.
   ______________________________

9. You may get there by sea.
   You may get there by air, too. (either... or)
   ______________________________

10. He must be ill.
    He is absent today. (for)
    ______________________________

11. I never saw him again.
    I never heard from him again. (nor)
    ______________________________

12. Mr. White was shocked(被震驚) by the news.
    ______________________________

Keys:
1. As first she didn’t want to go. Later, however, she changed her mind.
2. I have read one of his novels as well as a few of his play.
3. He neither knows nor cares what happened.
4. It was a cold snowy day and he had no money left for food.
5. I rained heavily last night but I went to the show anyway.
6. The book is due tomorrow. Therefore, I have to rush through it tonight.
7. Hurry up, or you’ll be late.
8. I enjoy classical music. So does she.
9. You may get there either by sea or by air.
10. He must be ill, for he is absent today.
11. I never saw him again. Nor did I hear from him.
12. Both Mr. and Mrs. White were shocked by the news.

Part Ⅱ

參考:
One’s listening comprehension and speaking ability grow by practice. To achieve good results, it is necessary to practice listening to English on a regular basis. I will start by listening to tapes based on the materials we use in class. Later, when I am more advanced, listening to taped lectures, stories, and news reports will be a good way to improve may ear. And I will develop my speaking ability by taking an active part in classroom activities and talking with my fellow students after class. Besides, I will try to find native speakers on my campus and make friends with them. A sustained friendship with people from English-speaking countries will provide the motivation to communicate and help improve my spoken English slowly but steadily.

(END)