Within-subjects Design: A research design that uses each participant as his or her own control; for example, the behavior of an experimental participant before receiving treatment might be compared to his or her behavior after receiving treatment.

受試者內(nèi)部設(shè)計：使每個參與者作為他或她自己的控制的研究設(shè)計；例如，實驗參與者在接受治療前的行為可能與他或她接受治療后的行為相比較。

Working Memory: A memory resource that is used to accomplish tasks such as reasoning and language comprehension; consists of the phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and central executive.

工作記憶：用于完成推理和語言理解等任務(wù)的記憶資源；由語音回路、視覺空間畫板和中央執(zhí)行系統(tǒng)組成。

Zygote: The single cell that results when a sperm fertilizes an egg.

受精卵：精子與卵子受精后形成的單細胞。