當(dāng)今傳統(tǒng)區(qū)塊鏈面臨的核心問(wèn)題：擴(kuò)展性問(wèn)題
所有區(qū)塊鏈交易所面臨的最基本的需求就是交易處理能力：傳統(tǒng)區(qū)塊鏈處理每秒7個(gè)，visa是8000個(gè)，自從分片概念提出以后，傳統(tǒng)區(qū)塊鏈以太坊和后起之秀小鮮肉BILLIQA便同時(shí)開始在分片技術(shù)的實(shí)現(xiàn)上走上一條不歸路。
目前公有鏈主要面臨兩大擴(kuò)展性問(wèn)題：
1）吞吐量低:比特幣和以太坊每秒處理小于10比交易，不能滿足目前的需求
2）存儲(chǔ)空間占用： 記賬節(jié)點(diǎn)需要保存所有的歷史交易記錄，比特幣已經(jīng)從09年到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)用150G的
分片技術(shù)主要用于解決以上兩個(gè)問(wèn)題：
1）交易分片：各個(gè)分片分別處理部分交易，提高交易效率
2）存儲(chǔ)分片：各個(gè)分片分別存儲(chǔ)部分交易記錄，減低單節(jié)點(diǎn)的存儲(chǔ)壓力
功能上的區(qū)別：
1）以太坊實(shí)現(xiàn)2種分片
2）Zilliqa只能實(shí)現(xiàn)交易分片
以太坊之分片
以太坊V神路演之后提出你可以把分片看成是一個(gè)區(qū)塊鏈，上面有上百個(gè)不同的宇宙，每個(gè)宇宙都是獨(dú)立的賬戶空間一個(gè)賬戶，一個(gè)合約的生成和發(fā)起都可以在不同的宇宙上，也可以在多個(gè)宇宙間發(fā)起一筆交易，而這個(gè)交易僅僅會(huì)對(duì)涉及到的宇宙產(chǎn)生影響。
? ? ? ? ? ? 分片機(jī)制：
? ? ? 主鏈--分層--分片
各個(gè)分片是獨(dú)立賬戶，生成區(qū)塊的頭部，主鏈?zhǔn)占鱾€(gè)區(qū)塊的頭部，每個(gè)分片把區(qū)塊頭部發(fā)送到主鏈，然后生成主鏈區(qū)塊。
這里的意思是主鏈只保存各個(gè)分片的區(qū)塊頭，并不保存具體交易。多個(gè)分片可以并行處理交易，分散主鏈壓力，提升整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的吞吐量。分片節(jié)點(diǎn)保存與交易相關(guān)的歷史記錄，主鏈節(jié)點(diǎn)也不用包含分片的具體交易信息，從而大大降低節(jié)點(diǎn)的存儲(chǔ)壓力。
分片共識(shí)：pos
進(jìn)度：3-5年
吞吐量：整體提升，主鏈沒(méi)有
各個(gè)分片是獨(dú)立賬戶，生成區(qū)塊的頭部，主鏈?zhǔn)占鱾€(gè)區(qū)塊的頭部，每個(gè)分片把區(qū)塊頭部發(fā)送到主鏈，然后生成主鏈區(qū)塊。
ZILLIQA 分片
ZILLIQA的核心優(yōu)勢(shì)：
對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)區(qū)塊鏈萊說(shuō)，所有挖掘者都爭(zhēng)先恐后的解決一個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)問(wèn)題，獲勝者才能得到獎(jiǎng)金，這是一個(gè)贏家通吃的游戲，這種競(jìng)爭(zhēng)結(jié)構(gòu)使得剩下的99%的失敗者浪費(fèi)了計(jì)算機(jī)算力和消消耗大量能源。
例如傳統(tǒng)區(qū)塊鏈有8000個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)，他們同時(shí)解決一個(gè)問(wèn)題，而分片是分出10個(gè)分片，每個(gè)分片是800個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)，分別解決不同問(wèn)題，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)變成合作，計(jì)算機(jī)的耗能更加有效。隨著挖掘者的不斷增多，可以處理更多的問(wèn)題，區(qū)塊鏈可以實(shí)現(xiàn)更多的交易，隨著運(yùn)行效率的增加，整個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的交易成本也會(huì)大大降低，挖掘者獲利不變。
分片的機(jī)制：運(yùn)行在同一個(gè)空間
全部礦工隨機(jī)分配 篩選出一個(gè)boss分片+n個(gè)工作分片，每個(gè)工作分片分出y個(gè)礦工，全網(wǎng)節(jié)點(diǎn)首先進(jìn)行一次數(shù)學(xué)競(jìng)賽，最先勝出的m個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)組成boss分片。
剩余的節(jié)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行第二次競(jìng)賽，最先勝出的n*m 節(jié)點(diǎn)分配到n個(gè)工作片中，每個(gè)分片都并行處理部分交易，形成子區(qū)塊，發(fā)送到boss分片，Boss驗(yàn)證，打包，生成最終區(qū)塊。無(wú)論是boss分片還是工作分片都工作在主鏈上，沒(méi)有獨(dú)立空間，每個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)都保存的所有的歷史記錄。
分片共識(shí)：PBFT
進(jìn)度：測(cè)試網(wǎng)絡(luò)已經(jīng)發(fā)布
吞吐量：主鏈提升
優(yōu)點(diǎn)：
節(jié)點(diǎn)之間是合作關(guān)系，而不像傳統(tǒng)區(qū)塊鏈?zhǔn)歉?jìng)爭(zhēng)關(guān)系。
ZILLIQA 代幣（ZIL) 登陸 交易平臺(tái)：
火幣pro：huobi.pro
cate.io
idex.market
lola
區(qū)塊鏈研習(xí)社精英群成員
2018.1.28
心痛小姐姐的辛苦匯總的幣豪們，小姐姐接受eos,eth,btc以及各種幣幣打賞
謝謝比豪和未來(lái)的幣豪們：
幣幣打賞地址：
ZILLIQA地址：
0x79d1280bc971dff6327d0a00360f23c507c25a33
BTC地址:
1PibSCEynK44Q9ef5b5WYurEb5y9dCd79y
ETH地址：
0xe9aab08d1e11b49648c768e1351879e53270c5f2
EOS地址：
0xe9aab08d1e11b49648c768e1351879e53270c5f2
QYB(區(qū)塊鏈研習(xí)社代幣）：
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最新消息：
https://www.techinasia.com/talk/singapore-based-blockchain-compete-visa
As crypto hasseen massive growth in 2017, the biggest platforms are running into fundamentalproblems due to scale (neither bitcoin nor Ethereum can support more than threeto seven transactions per second). It doesn’t matter what you do to the blocksize or what other fixes you use, blockchain is no competition againstsomething like Visa that processes 8,000 transactions per second.
To make mattersworse, “traditional” blockchains (bitcoin or Ethereum) don’t scale as theygrow. As more and more people enter the world of crypto, they will have to bidagainst each other to get their transactions in a block, while more miningpower will compete for the consequently bigger block rewards.
But wouldn’t itbe better if blockchains could scale their transactions as the ecosystemscales? Of course it would. But due to the fundamental setup of theseblockchains, there’s no real solution. The only option is to move most of thetransactions off-chain or into side chains (think the Lightning Network, forinstance). But isn’t the whole idea of a blockchain to have alltransactionson the blockchain?
Looking for change
A team from theNational University of Singapore (NUS) is challenging these assumptionswithZilliqa. Led by its CEO, Dong Xinshu, theZilliqa proposal has been on the table since 2015 but is only now ready for themarket. The team is mostly Singapore-based and draws a lot of raw talent fromNUS.
The startup is ablockchain infrastructure quite like Ethereum but structured in a way wherehigh levels of scale and speed are possible without the excessivecosts. The fundamental premise is that transactions scale while thenetworks scale—more miners equals more transaction throughput, making a moreuseful blockchain.
All this isachieved through a concept called sharding. In a traditional blockchain, allminers work on a very hard mathematical problem. They each compete to solve itfirst, and once that’s done, the winner gets a reward. It’s a winner-takes-allgame. This system works well but has a big downside: everyone who’snotthewinner wastes his time (or computer power, in this case). Due to the way thecompetition is structured, essentially 99 percent of the computer power usedgoes to waste.
Sharding breaksthe winner-takes-all dynamic and the cryptographic task (validating thetransactions) down into small segments or “shards.” That means that instead of8,000 miners competing to solve a problem, for example, these miners are automaticallysplit into 10 shards of 800 each, working on separate problems.
This way, youget computational cooperation rather than competition. More computer power isused fruitfully.
This setup leadsto a couple of interesting consequences:
As the network grows, the cryptographic? ? difficulty doesn’t scale. Rather, more shards get created, where more? ? miners can work on more problems. As an effect, more transactions come? ? through the blockchain.
Because of this, GPUs can do the mining rather? ? than specialized mining hardware.
We get way more cryptographic work done for the? ? same electricity output. It’s much greener.
Because everything runs much more efficiently,? ? the transaction costs throughout the network can be much lower while still? ? being equally profitable for miners.
Future andchallenges
Zilliqa has beenin development since 2015. In recent testing on an internal testnet of AmazonWeb Services (AWS) instances, the network breached 2,488 transactions persecond. That’s more than 100x more than bitcoin and Ethereum combined.
But that waspre-scale. If all Ethereum miners (~22,000) work on Zilliqa, that would allowfor about 15,000 transactions per second. That’s more than twice as many asVisa (the world’s largest payment processor).
While Zilliqawould be the first project bringing sharding technology to a big publicblockchain, it must be noted that sharding has some challenges too. Thetechnology still needs to be tested and vetted at scale. Sharding could alsopotentially introduce security challenges, as attackers could try to hone in onone shard rather than the entire network.
But for now, thepromise of blockchain linear scalability seems to be driving a lot ofexcitement.
On January 3,2018, the team released the much-anticipated “Durian” alpha sourcecode. Now, everyone can inspect the underlying technology, and developers cantest and improve it. With a stable proof-of-concept already down, the companyis announcing an ICO this month. The team announced they were going tolower their hard capfromUS$30 million down to US$20 million, confident that their roadmap could beexecuted with these resources.
The premise issimple: Whoever can build a stable, reliable blockchain infrastructure that cancompete at the levels of Visa and MasterCard can be a very substantial playerin the global economy.
