1. 散點圖

• 假設(shè)通過爬蟲你獲取到了北京2016年3,10月份每天白天的最高氣溫(分別位于列表a,b),那么此時如何尋找出氣溫和隨時間(天)變化的某種規(guī)律?

  數(shù)據(jù)如下所示：

  a = [11,17,16,11,12,11,12,6,6,7,8,9,12,15,14,17,18,21,16,17,20,14,15,15,15,19,21,22,22,22,23]

  b = [26,26,28,19,21,17,16,19,18,20,20,19,22,23,17,20,21,20,22,15,11,15,5,13,17,10,11,13,12,13,6]

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager

my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname="C:\Windows\Fonts\msyh.ttc")
y_3 = [11,17,16,11,12,11,12,6,6,7,8,9,12,15,14,17,18,21,16,17,20,14,15,15,15,19,21,22,22,22,23]
y_10 = [26,26,28,19,21,17,16,19,18,20,20,19,22,23,17,20,21,20,22,15,11,15,5,13,17,10,11,13,12,13,6]

x_3 = range(1, 32)
x_10 = range(51, 82)
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80)

plt.scatter(x_3, y_3, label="3月")
plt.scatter(x_10, y_10, label = "10月")

# 調(diào)整x軸的刻度
_x = list(x_3) + list(x_10)
_xtick_labels = ["3月{}號".format(i) for i in x_3]
_xtick_labels += ["3月{}號".format(i) for i in x_3]
plt.xticks(_x[::3], _xtick_labels[::3], fontproperties = my_font, rotation = 45)

# 添加圖例
plt.legend(prop = my_font, loc = "best")

# 添加描述信息
plt.xlabel("時間", fontproperties = my_font)
plt.ylabel("溫度", fontproperties = my_font)
plt.title("3月份和10月份的氣溫變化", fontproperties = my_font)

plt.show()

結(jié)果展示：

散點圖

2. 條形圖

假設(shè)你獲取到了2017年內(nèi)地電影票房前20的電影(列表a)和電影票房數(shù)據(jù)(列表b),那么如何更加直觀的展示該數(shù)據(jù)?

a = ["戰(zhàn)狼2","速度與激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","變形金剛5：最后的騎士","摔跤吧！爸爸","加勒比海盜5：死無對證","金剛：骷髏島","極限特工：終極回歸","生化危機6：終章","乘風破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大鬧天竺","金剛狼3：殊死一戰(zhàn)","蜘蛛俠：英雄歸來","悟空傳","銀河護衛(wèi)隊2","情圣","新木乃伊",]

b=[56.01,26.94,17.53,16.49,15.45,12.96,11.8,11.61,11.28,11.12,10.49,10.3,8.75,7.55,7.32,6.99,6.88,6.86,6.58,6.23] 單位:億

代碼如下所示：

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager

my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname="C:\Windows\Fonts\msyh.ttc")
x = ["戰(zhàn)狼2","速度與激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","變形金剛5：最后的騎士","摔跤吧！爸爸","加勒比海盜5：死無對證","金剛：骷髏島","極限特工：終極回歸","生化危機6：終章","乘風破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大鬧天竺","金剛狼3：殊死一戰(zhàn)","蜘蛛俠：英雄歸來","悟空傳","銀河護衛(wèi)隊2","情圣","新木乃伊",]

y = [56.01,26.94,17.53,16.49,15.45,12.96,11.8,11.61,11.28,11.12,10.49,10.3,8.75,7.55,7.32,6.99,6.88,6.86,6.58,6.23]

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(20,8), dpi=80)
# 畫條形圖
plt.bar(x,y,width = 0.4, color = "orange")
# 調(diào)整x軸的刻度
plt.xticks(range(len(x)), x, fontproperties = my_font, rotation=90)
plt.show()

繪圖結(jié)果展示：

條形圖

• 問題：
  • 從圖中可以看出，對于電影名長的，展示的并不是太好
  • 考慮把電影名換到y(tǒng)軸上，即畫橫著的條形圖

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager

my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname="C:\Windows\Fonts\msyh.ttc")
x = ["戰(zhàn)狼2","速度與激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","變形金剛5：最后的騎士","摔跤吧！爸爸","加勒比海盜5：死無對證","金剛：骷髏島","極限特工：終極回歸","生化危機6：終章","乘風破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大鬧天竺","金剛狼3：殊死一戰(zhàn)","蜘蛛俠：英雄歸來","悟空傳","銀河護衛(wèi)隊2","情圣","新木乃伊",]

y = [56.01,26.94,17.53,16.49,15.45,12.96,11.8,11.61,11.28,11.12,10.49,10.3,8.75,7.55,7.32,6.99,6.88,6.86,6.58,6.23]

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(20,8), dpi=80)
plt.barh(x,y,height = 0.4, color = "orange")
plt.yticks(range(len(x)), x, fontproperties = my_font)
plt.show()

繪圖結(jié)果：

橫著的條形圖

• 注意：
  • 橫著的條形圖使用的語法為：plt.barh()
  • barh中的參數(shù)為bottom,width, height。bottom對應(yīng)x軸，withth對應(yīng)y軸，height為條形圖的寬度。

假設(shè)你知道了列表a中電影分別在2017-09-14(b_14), 2017-09-15(b_15), 2017-09-16(b_16)三天的票房,為了展示列表中電影本身的票房以及同其他電影的數(shù)據(jù)對比情況,應(yīng)該如何更加直觀的呈現(xiàn)該數(shù)據(jù)?

a = ["猩球崛起3：終極之戰(zhàn)","敦刻爾克","蜘蛛俠：英雄歸來","戰(zhàn)狼2"]

b_16 = [15746,312,4497,319]

b_15 = [12357,156,2045,168]

b_14 = [2358,399,2358,362]

代碼如下：

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager

my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname="C:\Windows\Fonts\msyh.ttc")

x = ["猩球崛起3：終極之戰(zhàn)","敦刻爾克","蜘蛛俠：英雄歸來","戰(zhàn)狼2"]
y_16 = [15746,312,4497,319]
y_15 = [12357,156,2045,168]
y_14 = [2358,399,2358,362]

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(20,8), dpi=80)
bar_width = 0.2
x_14 = list(range(len(x)))
x_15 = [i+bar_width for i in x_14]
x_16 = [i+bar_width*2 for i in x_14]
plt.bar(x_14,y_14, width = bar_width, label = "9月14號")
plt.bar(x_15,y_15, width = bar_width, label = "9月15號")
plt.bar(x_16,y_16, width = bar_width, label = "9月16號")
plt.xticks(x_15, x, fontproperties = my_font)
plt.legend(prop = my_font,loc="best")
plt.show()

繪制結(jié)果：

畫多個條形圖

• 注意：
  • 在一個圖中畫多個條形圖做對比，后面的條形圖的x軸要往右邊移動一個柱狀的寬度，否則畫出的圖形會重合。

3. 直方圖

假設(shè)你獲取了250部電影的時長(列表a中),希望統(tǒng)計出這些電影時長的分布狀態(tài)(比如時長為100分鐘到120分鐘電影的數(shù)量,出現(xiàn)的頻率)等信息,你應(yīng)該如何呈現(xiàn)這些數(shù)據(jù)?

a=[131, 98, 125, 131, 124, 139, 131, 117, 128, 108, 135, 138, 131, 102, 107, 114, 119, 128, 121, 142, 127, 130, 124, 101, 110, 116, 117, 110, 128, 128, 115, 99, 136, 126, 134, 95, 138, 117, 111,78, 132, 124, 113, 150, 110, 117, 86, 95, 144, 105, 126, 130,126, 130, 126, 116, 123, 106, 112, 138, 123, 86, 101, 99, 136,123, 117, 119, 105, 137, 123, 128, 125, 104, 109, 134, 125, 127,105, 120, 107, 129, 116, 108, 132, 103, 136, 118, 102, 120, 114,105, 115, 132, 145, 119, 121, 112, 139, 125, 138, 109, 132, 134,156, 106, 117, 127, 144, 139, 139, 119, 140, 83, 110, 102,123,107, 143, 115, 136, 118, 139, 123, 112, 118, 125, 109, 119, 133,112, 114, 122, 109, 106, 123, 116, 131, 127, 115, 118, 112, 135,115, 146, 137, 116, 103, 144, 83, 123, 111, 110, 111, 100, 154,136, 100, 118, 119, 133, 134, 106, 129, 126, 110, 111, 109, 141,120, 117, 106, 149, 122, 122, 110, 118, 127, 121, 114, 125, 126,114, 140, 103, 130, 141, 117, 106, 114, 121, 114, 133, 137, 92,121, 112, 146, 97, 137, 105, 98, 117, 112, 81, 97, 139, 113,134, 106, 144, 110, 137, 137, 111, 104, 117, 100, 111, 101, 110,105, 129, 137, 112, 120, 113, 133, 112, 83, 94, 146, 133, 101,131, 116, 111, 84, 137, 115, 122, 106, 144, 109, 123, 116, 111,111, 133, 150]

代碼如下：

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname="C:\Windows\Fonts\msyh.ttc")

a=[131,  98, 125, 131, 124, 139, 131, 117, 128, 108, 135, 138, 131, 102, 107, 114, 119, 128, 121, 142, 127, 130, 124, 101, 110, 116, 117, 110, 128, 128, 115,  99, 136, 126, 134,  95, 138, 117, 111,78, 132, 124, 113, 150, 110, 117,  86,  95, 144, 105, 126, 130,126, 130, 126, 116, 123, 106, 112, 138, 123,  86, 101,  99, 136,123, 117, 119, 105, 137, 123, 128, 125, 104, 109, 134, 125, 127,105, 120, 107, 129, 116, 108, 132, 103, 136, 118, 102, 120, 114,105, 115, 132, 145, 119, 121, 112, 139, 125, 138, 109, 132, 134,156, 106, 117, 127, 144, 139, 139, 119, 140,  83, 110, 102,123,107, 143, 115, 136, 118, 139, 123, 112, 118, 125, 109, 119, 133,112, 114, 122, 109, 106, 123, 116, 131, 127, 115, 118, 112, 135,115, 146, 137, 116, 103, 144,  83, 123, 111, 110, 111, 100, 154,136, 100, 118, 119, 133, 134, 106, 129, 126, 110, 111, 109, 141,120, 117, 106, 149, 122, 122, 110, 118, 127, 121, 114, 125, 126,114, 140, 103, 130, 141, 117, 106, 114, 121, 114, 133, 137,  92,121, 112, 146,  97, 137, 105,  98, 117, 112,  81,  97, 139, 113,134, 106, 144, 110, 137, 137, 111, 104, 117, 100, 111, 101, 110,105, 129, 137, 112, 120, 113, 133, 112,  83,  94, 146, 133, 101,131, 116, 111,  84, 137, 115, 122, 106, 144, 109, 123, 116, 111,111, 133, 150]
# 設(shè)置組距為3
d = 3
# 組數(shù)
num_bins = (max(a)-min(a))//d

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(20,8), dpi=80)
plt.hist(a, num_bins)
plt.xticks(list(range(min(a),max(a)+d,d)))
plt.grid()
plt.show()

繪圖結(jié)果：

直方圖

• 注意：
  • 畫直方圖的語法：plt.hist(數(shù)據(jù)，組數(shù))
  • 把數(shù)據(jù)分為多少組進行統(tǒng)計？
    • 組數(shù)要適當，太少會有較大的統(tǒng)計誤差，太多規(guī)律不明顯
    • 當數(shù)據(jù)在100個以內(nèi)時，按數(shù)據(jù)的多少常分為5-12組。
    • 組距：指的是每兩個端點的距離。
    • 組數(shù)=極差/組距