Retrofit2
1.Retrofit2概述
1,Retrofit框架是Square公司出品的目前非常流行的網(wǎng)絡(luò)框架.
效率高,實(shí)現(xiàn)簡(jiǎn)單,運(yùn)用注解和動(dòng)態(tài)代理.
極大簡(jiǎn)化了網(wǎng)絡(luò)請(qǐng)求的繁瑣步驟,非常適合REST ful網(wǎng)絡(luò)請(qǐng)求.
目前Retofit版本是2
2,Retrofit其實(shí)我們可以理解為OkHttp的加強(qiáng)版。
它也是一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)加載框架。底層是使用OKHttp封裝的。
準(zhǔn)確來(lái)說(shuō),網(wǎng)絡(luò)請(qǐng)求的工作本質(zhì)上是OkHttp完成,而 Retrofit 僅負(fù)責(zé)網(wǎng)絡(luò)請(qǐng)求接口的封裝。
它的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)是包含了特別多注解,方便簡(jiǎn)化你的代碼量。
并且還支持很多的開源庫(kù)(著名例子:Retrofit + RxJava)
2.Retrofit2的好處
1,超級(jí)解耦
解耦?解什么耦?
我們?cè)谡?qǐng)求接口數(shù)據(jù)的時(shí)候,API接口定義和API接口使用總是相互影
響,什么傳參、回調(diào)等,耦合在一塊。有時(shí)候我們會(huì)考慮一下怎么封裝我們的代
碼讓這兩個(gè)東西不那么耦合,這個(gè)就是Retrofit的解耦目標(biāo),也是它的最大的特點(diǎn)。
2,可以配置不同HttpClient來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)請(qǐng)求,如OkHttp、HttpClient...
3,支持同步、異步和RxJava
4,可以配置不同的反序列化工具來(lái)解析數(shù)據(jù),如json、xml...
5,請(qǐng)求速度快,使用非常方便靈活
3.Retrofit2配置
1,官網(wǎng):http://square.github.io/retrofit/
2,依賴:
implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.5.0'
3,OkHttp庫(kù)依賴
由于Retrofit是基于OkHttp,所以還需要添加OkHttp庫(kù)依賴
implementation 'com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.12.0'
4,添加網(wǎng)絡(luò)權(quán)限
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
4,Retrofit2的使用步驟
1,定義接口(封裝URL地址和數(shù)據(jù)請(qǐng)求)
2,實(shí)例化Retrofit
3,通過(guò)Retrofit實(shí)例創(chuàng)建接口服務(wù)對(duì)象
4,接口服務(wù)對(duì)象調(diào)用接口中的方法,獲取Call對(duì)象
5,Call對(duì)象執(zhí)行請(qǐng)求(異步、同步請(qǐng)求)
Retrofit2發(fā)送GET、POST請(qǐng)求(異步、同步)
1.Retrofit2發(fā)送GET
//主機(jī)地址
String URL = "http://api.shujuzhihui.cn/api/news/";//必須以反斜杠結(jié)尾
//接口服務(wù)
public interface MyServer {
//GET
@GET("categories?appKey=908ca46881994ffaa6ca20b31755b675")
Call<ResponseBody> getData1();
@GET("categories?")
Call<ResponseBody> getData2(@Query("appKey") String appkey);
@GET("categories?")
Call<ResponseBody> getData3(@QueryMap Map<String,Object> map);
}
//Get異步
private void initGetEnqueue() {
//1.創(chuàng)建Retrofit對(duì)象
Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
.baseUrl(MyServer.URL)
.build();
//2.獲取MyServer接口服務(wù)對(duì)象
MyServer myServer = retrofit.create(MyServer.class);
//3.獲取Call對(duì)象
//方式一
Call<ResponseBody> call1 = myServer.getData1();
//方式二
Call<ResponseBody> call2 = myServer.getData2("908ca46881994ffaa6ca20b31755b675");
//方式三
Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("appKey","908ca46881994ffaa6ca20b31755b675");
Call<ResponseBody> call = myServer.getData3(map);
//4.Call對(duì)象執(zhí)行請(qǐng)求
call.enqueue(new Callback<ResponseBody>() {
@Override
public void onResponse(Call<ResponseBody> call,Response<ResponseBody> response) {
try {
String result = response.body().string();
Log.e("retrofit", "onResponse: "+result);
tv.setText(result);//默認(rèn)直接回調(diào)主線程
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void onFailure(Call<ResponseBody> call, Throwable t) {
Log.e("retrofit", "onFailure: "+t.getMessage());
}
});
}
//GET同步
private void initGetExecute() {
//1.創(chuàng)建Retrofit對(duì)象
Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
.baseUrl(MyServer.URL)
.build();
//2.獲取MyServer接口服務(wù)對(duì)象
MyServer myServer = retrofit.create(MyServer.class);
//3.獲取Call對(duì)象
final Call<ResponseBody> call = myServer.getData1();
new Thread(){//子線程執(zhí)行
@Override
public void run() {
super.run();
try {
//4.Call對(duì)象執(zhí)行請(qǐng)求
Response<ResponseBody> response = call.execute();
final String result = response.body().string();
Log.e("retrofit", "onResponse: "+result);
runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
tv.setText(result);//默認(rèn)直接回調(diào)主線程
}
});
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}.start();
}
2.Retrofit2發(fā)送POST
String URL = "http://api.shujuzhihui.cn/api/news/";//必須以反斜杠結(jié)尾
public interface MyServer {
//POST("categories?") POST("categories")相同
@POST("categories?")
@FormUrlEncoded
Call<ResponseBody> postData1(@Field("appKey") String appKey);
@POST("categories")
@FormUrlEncoded
Call<ResponseBody> postData2(@FieldMap Map<String,Object> map);
}
//POST異步
private void initPostEnqueue() {
//1.創(chuàng)建Retrofit對(duì)象
Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
.baseUrl(MyServer.URL)
.build();
//2.獲取MyServer接口服務(wù)對(duì)象
MyServer myServer = retrofit.create(MyServer.class);
//3.獲取Call對(duì)象
//方式一
Call<ResponseBody> call1 = myServer.postData1("908ca46881994ffaa6ca20b31755b675");
//方式二
Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("appKey","908ca46881994ffaa6ca20b31755b675");
Call<ResponseBody> call = myServer.postData2(map);
//4.Call對(duì)象執(zhí)行請(qǐng)求
call.enqueue(new Callback<ResponseBody>() {
@Override
public void onResponse(Call<ResponseBody> call,Response<ResponseBody> response) {
try {
String result = response.body().string();
Log.e("retrofit", "onResponse: "+result);
tv.setText(result);//默認(rèn)直接回調(diào)主線程
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void onFailure(Call<ResponseBody> call, Throwable t) {
Log.e("retrofit", "onFailure: "+t.getMessage());
}
});
}
Retrofit注解
注解代碼 請(qǐng)求格式
請(qǐng)求方式:
@GET GET請(qǐng)求
@POST POST請(qǐng)求
@DELETE DELETE請(qǐng)求
@HEAD HEAD請(qǐng)求
@OPTIONS OPTIONS請(qǐng)求
@PATCH PATCH請(qǐng)求
請(qǐng)求頭:
@Headers("K:V") 添加請(qǐng)求頭,作用于方法
@Header("K") 添加請(qǐng)求頭,參數(shù)添加頭
@FormUrlEncoded 用表單數(shù)據(jù)提交,搭配參數(shù)使用
@Multipart 用文件上傳提交 multipart/form-data
請(qǐng)求參數(shù):
@Query 替代參數(shù)值,通常是結(jié)合get請(qǐng)求的
@QueryMap 替代參數(shù)值,通常是結(jié)合get請(qǐng)求的
@Field 替換參數(shù)值,是結(jié)合post請(qǐng)求的
@FieldMap 替換參數(shù)值,是結(jié)合post請(qǐng)求的
請(qǐng)求路徑:
@Path 替換路徑
@Url 路徑拼接
請(qǐng)求體:
@Body(RequestBody) 設(shè)置請(qǐng)求體,是結(jié)合post請(qǐng)求的
文件處理:
@Part Multipart.Part
@Part("key") RequestBody requestBody(單參)
@PartMap Map<String,RequestBody> requestBodyMap(多參)
@Body RequestBody requestBody(自定義參數(shù))
Retrofit2其他常用注解使用
String URL = "http://api.shujuzhihui.cn/api/news/";//必須以反斜杠結(jié)尾
public interface MyServer {
//Path
@GET("wages/{wageId}/detail")
Call<ResponseBody >getImgData(@Path("wageId") String wageId);
//Url
@GET
Call<ResponseBody >getImgData(@Url String url);
@GET
Call<ResponseBody >getImgData(@Url String url,@Query("appKey") String appkey);
//Json
@POST("categories")
@Headers("Content-Type:application/json")
Call<ResponseBody> getFormDataJson(@Body RequestBody requestBody);
//Form
@POST("categories")
@Headers("Content-Type:application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
Call<ResponseBody> getFormData1(@Body RequestBody requestBody);
//復(fù)用URL
@POST()
@Headers("Content-Type:application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
Call<ResponseBody> getFormData2(@Url String url,@Body RequestBody requestBody);
//通用
@POST()
Call<ResponseBody> getFormData3(@Url String url, @Body RequestBody requestBody, @Header("Content-Type") String contentType);
}
//RequestBody參數(shù)拼接
private void initPostBody() {
Retrofit.Builder builder = new Retrofit.Builder();
Retrofit retrofit = builder.baseUrl(MyServer.URL)
.build();
MyServer myServer = retrofit.create(MyServer.class);
//Json類型
String json1 = "{\n" + " \"appKey\": \"908ca46881994ffaa6ca20b31755b675\"\n" + "}";
RequestBody requestBody01 = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("application/json,charset-UTF-8"),json1);
Call<ResponseBody> call01 = myServer.getFormDataJson(requestBody01);
//String類型
//有參形式
RequestBody requestBody02 = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("application/x-www-form-urlencoded,charset-UTF-8"),"appKey=908ca46881994ffaa6ca20b31755b675");
Call<ResponseBody> call02 = myServer.getFormData1(requestBody02);
//無(wú)參形式
RequestBody requestBody3 = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("application/x-www-form-urlencoded,charset-UTF-8"),"");
Call<ResponseBody> call03 = myServer.getFormData1(requestBody3);
//RequestBody (Form表單,鍵值對(duì)參數(shù)形式)
//方式一(requestBody)
FormBody requestBody = new FormBody.Builder()
.add("appKey","908ca46881994ffaa6ca20b31755b675")
.build();
Call<ResponseBody> call1 = myServer.getFormData1(requestBody);
//方式二(url+requestBody)
FormBody requestBody = new FormBody.Builder()
.add("appKey","908ca46881994ffaa6ca20b31755b675")
.build();
Call<ResponseBody> call2 = myServer.getFormData2("categories",requestBody);
//方式三(url+requestBody+header)
FormBody requestBody = new FormBody.Builder()
.add("appKey","908ca46881994ffaa6ca20b31755b675")
.build();
Call<ResponseBody> call3 = myServer.getFormData3("categories",requestBody,"application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
call3.enqueue(new Callback<ResponseBody>() {
@Override
public void onResponse(Call<ResponseBody> call, Response<ResponseBody> response) {
try {
String result = response.body().string();
Log.e("retrofit", "onResponse: "+result);
tv.setText(result);//默認(rèn)直接回調(diào)主線程
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void onFailure(Call<ResponseBody> call, Throwable t) {
Log.e("retrofit", "onFailure: "+t.getMessage());
}
});
}