android的五種數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)方式
- 文件存儲(chǔ)
- SharedPreferences
- SQLite數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)存儲(chǔ)
- ContentProvider
- 網(wǎng)絡(luò)存儲(chǔ)
一、文件存儲(chǔ)
默認(rèn)存儲(chǔ)路徑:/data/data/<PackageName>/files
文件操作模式:MODE_PRIVATE(默認(rèn)):覆蓋、MODE_APPEND:追加
- 寫入文件
public void save(){
String data = "save something here";
FileOutputStream out = null;
ButteredWriter writer = null;
try{
out = openFileOutput("data",Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
writer = new ButteredWriter(new OutputSreamWriter(out));
writer.write(data);
}catch(IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
try{
if(writer!=null){
writer.close();
}
}catch(IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
- 讀取數(shù)據(jù)
public String load(){
FileInputStream in = null;
ButteredReader reader = null;
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
try{
in = openFileInput("data");
reader = new ButteredReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
String line= "";
while((line = reader.readline()) != null){
builder.append();
}
}catch(IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
if(reader != null){
try{
reader.close();
}catch(IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
二、SharedPreferences
默認(rèn)存儲(chǔ)路徑:/data/data/<PackageName>/shared_prefs
操作模式:MODE_PRIVATE(默認(rèn)):只有當(dāng)前的應(yīng)用程序才能對(duì)文件進(jìn)行讀寫、MODE_MULTI_PROCESS:用于多個(gè)進(jìn)程對(duì)同一個(gè)SharedPreferences進(jìn)行讀寫。
存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)格式:鍵值對(duì)
獲取SharedPreferences對(duì)象的方法
- Context的getSharedPreferences()方法,參數(shù)一是文件名,參數(shù)二是操作模式
- Activity的getPreferences()方法,參數(shù)為操作模式,使用當(dāng)前應(yīng)用程序包名為文件名
- PreferenceManager的getDefaultSharedPreferences()靜態(tài)方法,接收Context參數(shù),使用當(dāng)前應(yīng)用程序包名為文件名
存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)
- 調(diào)用SharedPreferences對(duì)象的edit()方法獲取一個(gè)SharedPreferences.Editor對(duì)象
- 向Editor對(duì)象中添加數(shù)據(jù)putBoolean、putString等
- 調(diào)用commit()方法提交數(shù)據(jù)
SharedPreferences.Editor editor = getSharedPreferences("data",MODE_PRIVATE).edit();
editor.putString("name","ZhangSan");
editor.putInt("age",12);
editor.putBoolean("isMarried",false);
editor.commit();
從SharedPreferences文件中讀取數(shù)據(jù)
SharedPreferences pref = getSharedPreferences("data",MODE_PRIVATE);
String name = pref.getString("name");
int age = pref.getInt("age");
boolean isMarried = pref.getBoolean("isMarried");
三、SQLite數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)存儲(chǔ)
默認(rèn)存儲(chǔ)路徑:/data/data/<PackageName>/databases
數(shù)據(jù)類型
- integer 整型
- real 浮點(diǎn)型
- text 文本類型
- blob 二進(jìn)制類型
public class MyDatabaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper{
public static final String CREATE_BOOK = "create table book ( "
+ " id integer primary key autoincrement,"
+ " author text,"
+ "price real,"
+ "pages integer,"
+ "name text)";
private Context context;
public MyDatabaseHelper (Context context, String name, CursorFactory factory, int version) {
super(context, name, factory, version);
this.context = context;
}
@Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
db.execSQL(CREATE_BOOK);
}
//當(dāng)打開數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)時(shí)傳入的版本號(hào)與當(dāng)前的版本號(hào)不同時(shí)會(huì)調(diào)用該方法
@Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
}
}
在MainActivity中
MyDatabaseHelper helper = new MyDatabaseHelper(this,"BookStore.db",null,1);
//檢測(cè)到?jīng)]有BookStore這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),會(huì)創(chuàng)建該數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)并調(diào)用MyDatabaseHelper中的onCreated方法。
helper.getWritableDatabase();
升級(jí)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
public class MyDatabaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper{
......
//當(dāng)打開數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)時(shí)傳入的版本號(hào)與當(dāng)前的版本號(hào)不同時(shí)會(huì)調(diào)用該方法
@Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
db.execSQL("drop table if exists Book");
onCreate(db):
}
}
在MainActivity中只需將version改為大于原來版本號(hào)即可。
MyDatabaseHelper helper = new MyDatabaseHelper(this,"BookStore.db",null,2);
helper.getWritableDatabase();
向數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)添加數(shù)據(jù)
insert()方法,參數(shù)一表名,參數(shù)二是在未指定添加數(shù)據(jù)的情況下給某些可為空的列自動(dòng)賦值為NULL,設(shè)置為null即可,參數(shù)三是ContentValues對(duì)象。
MainActivity
SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put("name","The Book Name");
values.put("author","chen");
values.put("pages",100);
values.put("price",200);
db.insert("Book",null,values);
更新數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中的數(shù)據(jù)
update()方法,參數(shù)一是表名,參數(shù)二是ContentValues對(duì)象,參數(shù)三、四是去約束更新某一行或某幾行的數(shù)據(jù),不指定默認(rèn)更新所有。
MainActivity
SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put("price",120);
db.update("Book",values,"name= ?",new String[]{"The Book Name"});
從數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中刪除數(shù)據(jù)
delete()方法,參數(shù)一是表名,參數(shù)二、三是去約束刪除某一行或某幾行的數(shù)據(jù),不指定默認(rèn)刪除所有。
MainActivity
SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();
db.delete("Book","pages> ?",new String[]{"100"});
查詢數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中的數(shù)據(jù)
query()方法,參數(shù)一是表名,參數(shù)二是指定查詢哪幾列,默認(rèn)全部,參數(shù)三、四是去約束查詢某一行或某幾行的數(shù)據(jù),不指定默認(rèn)查詢所有,參數(shù)五是用于指定需要去group by的列,參數(shù)六是對(duì)group by的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)一步的過濾,參數(shù)七是查詢結(jié)果的排序方式
MainActivity
SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();
Cursor cursor = db.query("Book",null,null,null,null,null,null);
if(cursor.moveToFirst()){
do{
String name = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("name");
String author = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("author");
int pages = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("pages");
double price = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("price");
}while(cursor.moveToNext());
}
cursor.close():
使用SQL語句操作數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
//添加數(shù)據(jù)
db.execSQL("insert into Book(name,author,pages,price) values(?,?,?,?) "
,new String[]{"The Book Name","chen",100,20});
//更新數(shù)據(jù)
db.execSQL("update Book set price = ? where name = ?",new String[]
{"10","The Book Name"});
//刪除數(shù)據(jù)
db.execSQL("delete from Book where pages > ?",new String[]{"100"});
//查詢數(shù)據(jù)
db.execSQL("select * from Book",null);
使用事務(wù)操作
SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();
db.beginTransaction(); //開啟事務(wù)
try{
......
db.insert("Book",null,values);
db.setTransactionSuccessful(); //事務(wù)成功執(zhí)行
}catch(SQLException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
db.endTransaction(); //結(jié)束事務(wù)
}
四、ContentProvider
ContentProvider主要用于不同的程序之間實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)共享的功能。
- 訪問其他應(yīng)用程序中的數(shù)據(jù)
工具類ContentResolver,提供了一系列方法對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行CRUD操作。
ContentResolver的使用方法
1、內(nèi)容URI
內(nèi)容URI是由權(quán)限和路徑組成的,權(quán)限是用于區(qū)分不同的應(yīng)用程序,一般是以包名來命名。路徑是用于區(qū)分同一個(gè)應(yīng)用程序的不同表。
//包名為com.example.app的表table1訪問路徑
Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.example.app.provider/table1");
2、使用Uri對(duì)象進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)操作
- 查詢
Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(uri,null,null,null,null);
if(cursor != null){
while(cursor.moveToNext()){
String column1 = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("column1"));
String column2 = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("column2"));
}
cursor.close();
}
- 插入
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put("column1","text");
values.put("column2",1);
getContentResolver().insert(uri,values);