第三周第四天

分?jǐn)?shù)類，運(yùn)算符重載，歐幾里得算法

// 短除法(歐幾里得算法)
// x和y的最大公約數(shù)跟y%x和x的最大公約數(shù)是一樣的
// Greatest Common Divisor
func gcd(x: Int, _ y: Int) -> Int {
    if x > y {
        return gcd(y, x)
    }
    else if y % x != 0 {
        return gcd(y % x, x)
    }
    else {
        return x
    }
}

class Fraction {
    private var _num: Int
    private var _den: Int
    var info: String {
        get {//分子為0 或者分母為1都返回分子
            return _num == 0 || _den == 1 ? "\(_num)" : "\(_num)/\(_den)"
        }
    }
    init(num: Int, den: Int) {
        _num = num
        _den = den
        simplify()
        normalize()
    }
   //返回類型盡量用自己的少用初始的
    func add(other: Fraction) -> Fraction {
        return Fraction(num: _num * other._den + other._num * _den, den: _den * other._den)
    }
    func sub(other: Fraction) -> Fraction {
        return Fraction(num: _num * other._den - other._num * _den, den: _den * other._den)
    }
    func mul(other: Fraction) -> Fraction {
        return Fraction(num: _num * other._num, den: _den * other._den)
    }
    func div(other: Fraction) -> Fraction {
        return Fraction(num: _num * other._den, den: _den * other._num)
    }
    func normalize() -> Fraction {
        if _den < 0 {
            _num = -_num
            _den = -_den
        }//如果分母為負(fù)數(shù)分子分母同時(shí)取相反數(shù)
        return self
    }
    func simplify() -> Fraction {
        if _num == 0 {
            _den = 1
        }
        else {
            let x = abs(_num)
            let y = abs(_den)
            let g = gcd(x, y)
            _num /= g
            _den /= g
        }
        return self
    }
}

// 運(yùn)算符重載(為自定義的類型定義運(yùn)算符)

func +(one: Fraction, two: Fraction) -> Fraction {
    return one.add(two)
}

func -(one: Fraction, two: Fraction) -> Fraction {
    return one.sub(two)
}

func *(one: Fraction, two: Fraction) -> Fraction {
    return one.mul(two)
}

func /(one: Fraction, two: Fraction) -> Fraction {
    return one.div(two)
}

學(xué)生類，文檔注釋，屬性的分類

// 存儲(chǔ)屬性通常是private的 因?yàn)閿?shù)據(jù)要保護(hù)起來
// 方法一般是public的 因?yàn)榉椒ㄊ菍?duì)象接受的消息
// 如果自定義的類沒有打算在其他項(xiàng)目中使用 可以不寫訪問修飾符
// 直接使用默認(rèn)的internal修飾符表示在本項(xiàng)目中公開對(duì)其他項(xiàng)目私有

/// 學(xué)生
public class Student {
    private var _name: String
    private var _age: Int
    
    /// 學(xué)生姓名隱去最后一個(gè)字符
    public var name: String {
        get {
            let displayName = _name.substringToIndex(_name.endIndex.advancedBy(-1))
            return displayName + "*"
        }
    }
    
    /// 學(xué)生的年齡
    public var age: Int {
        get { return _age }
    }
    
    /**
     初始化方法
     - parameter name: 姓名
     - parameter age:  年齡
     */
    public init(name: String, age: Int) {
        _name = name
        _age = age
    }
    
    /**
     吃飯
     - parameter food: 吃的東西
     */
    public func eat(food: String) {
        print("\(_name)正在吃飯.")
    }
    
    
    /**
     學(xué)習(xí)
     - parameter courseName: 課程的名稱
     - parameter hour: 學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間
     - returns: 學(xué)會(huì)了返回true否則返回false
     */
    public func study(courseName: String, hour: Int) -> Bool {
        print("\(_name)正在學(xué)習(xí)\(courseName).")
        return hour > 180 ? true : false
    }
    
    /**
     看片
     */
    public func watchJapaneseAV() {
        if _age >= 18 {
            print("\(_name)正在觀看島國(guó)愛情動(dòng)作片.")
        }
    }
}

一張牌類

import Foundation

enum Direction: Int {
    case Up, Right, Down, Left
}

// GET: 枚舉是定義符號(hào)常量的最佳方式
// GET: 符號(hào)常量總是優(yōu)于字面常量
/**
 花色的枚舉
 
 - Spade:   黑桃
 - Heart:   紅心
 - Club:    草花
 - Diamond: 方塊
 */
enum Suite: String {
    case Spade = "??"http://特殊字符無(wú)法顯示
    case Heart = "??"
    case Club = "??"
    case Diamond = "??"
}

/// 一張牌
class Card {
    var suite: Suite
    var face: Int
    /**
     初始化方法
     - parameter suite: 花色
     - parameter face:  點(diǎn)數(shù)
     */
    init(suite: Suite, face: Int) {
        self.suite = suite
        self.face = face
    }
    /// 牌的信息
    var info: String {
        get {
            var str = suite.rawValue
            switch face {
            case 1: str += "A"
            case 11: str += "J"
            case 12: str += "Q"
            case 13: str += "K"
            default: str += "\(face)"
            }
            return str
        }
    }
}

一副牌類

import Foundation

func randomInt(min: UInt32, _ max: UInt32) -> Int {
    return Int(arc4random_uniform(max - min + 1) + min)
}

/// 一副牌
class Poker {
    var cardsArray: [Card] = []
    
    init() {
        reset()
    }
    
    /**
     重置所有的牌
     */
    func reset() {
        // 移除數(shù)組中剩下的牌
        cardsArray.removeAll()
        // 將52張牌按照黑紅梅方的順序放到數(shù)組中
        let suitesArray = [Suite.Spade, .Heart, .Club, .Diamond]
        for suite in suitesArray {
            for face in 1...13 {
                let card = Card(suite: suite, face: face)
                cardsArray.append(card)
            }
        }
    }
    
    /**
     洗牌
     */
    func shuffle() {
        // 洗牌之前先重置所有的牌
        reset()
        // 通過隨機(jī)亂序的方式打亂牌的位置
        for i in 0..<cardsArray.count {
            let j = randomInt(0, UInt32(cardsArray.count - 1))
            (cardsArray[i], cardsArray[j]) = (cardsArray[j], cardsArray[i])
        }
    }
    
    /**
     發(fā)牌
     - returns: 當(dāng)前剩下牌中的第一張牌或nil
     */
    func deal() -> Card? {
        if hasMoreCards {
            return cardsArray.removeFirst()
        }
        return nil
    }
    
    /// 還有沒有更多的牌
    var hasMoreCards: Bool {
        get { return cardsArray.count > 0 }
    }
}

玩家類

import Foundation

func <(one: Card, two: Card) -> Bool {
    return one.face < two.face
}

class Player {
    var nickname: String
    var cardsOnHand: [Card] = []
    
    init(nickname: String) {
        self.nickname = nickname
    }
    
    func getOneCard(card: Card) {
        cardsOnHand.append(card)
    }
    
    func sortCards() {
        cardsOnHand.sortInPlace(<)
    }
}

調(diào)用這些類，和這些類的展示

import Foundation

func showPlayerCards(player: Player) {
    print("\(player.nickname)", terminator: ": ")
    player.sortCards()
    for card in player.cardsOnHand {
        print(card.info, terminator: " ")
    }
    print("")
}

// 撲克游戲
let p = Poker()
p.shuffle()

let playersArray = [
    Player(nickname: "張尼瑪"),
    Player(nickname: "王尼瑪"),
    Player(nickname: "李尼瑪"),
    Player(nickname: "劉尼瑪")
]

for _ in 1...3 {
    for player in playersArray {
        if p.hasMoreCards {
            player.getOneCard(p.deal()!)
        }
    }
}

for player in playersArray {
    showPlayerCards(player)
}