五、Spring自動裝配

Spring 自動裝配之依賴注入

依賴注入發(fā)生的時間

當(dāng)Spring IOC 容器完成了Bean 定義資源的定位、載入和解析注冊以后,IOC 容器中已經(jīng)管理類Bean定義的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù),但是此時IOC 容器還沒有對所管理的Bean 進行依賴注入,依賴注入在以下兩種情況發(fā)生:

1)、用戶第一次調(diào)用getBean()方法時,IOC 容器觸發(fā)依賴注入。

2)、當(dāng)用戶在配置文件中將<bean>元素配置了lazy-init=false 屬性,即讓容器在解析注冊Bean 定義時進行預(yù)實例化,觸發(fā)依賴注入。

BeanFactory 接口定義了Spring IOC 容器的基本功能規(guī)范,是Spring IOC 容器所應(yīng)遵守的最底層和最基本的編程規(guī)范。BeanFactory 接口中定義了幾個getBean()方法,就是用戶向IOC 容器索取管理的Bean 的方法,我們通過分析其子類的具體實現(xiàn),理解Spring IOC 容器在用戶索取Bean 時如何完成依賴注入。


image.png

在BeanFactory 中我們可以看到getBean(String...)方法,但它具體實現(xiàn)在AbstractBeanFactory 中。

尋找獲取Bean 的入口

AbstractBeanFactory 的getBean()相關(guān)方法的源碼如下:

    //獲取IOC 容器中指定名稱的Bean
    @Override
    public Object getBean(String name) throws BeansException {
        //doGetBean 才是真正向IOC 容器獲取被管理Bean 的過程
        return doGetBean(name, null, null, false);
    }

    //獲取IOC 容器中指定名稱和類型的Bean
    @Override
    public <T> T getBean(String name, @Nullable Class<T> requiredType) throws BeansException {
        //doGetBean 才是真正向IOC 容器獲取被管理Bean 的過程
        return doGetBean(name, requiredType, null, false);
    }

    //獲取IOC 容器中指定名稱和參數(shù)的Bean
    @Override
    public Object getBean(String name, Object... args) throws BeansException {
        //doGetBean 才是真正向IOC 容器獲取被管理Bean 的過程
        return doGetBean(name, null, args, false);
    }

    //獲取IOC 容器中指定名稱、類型和參數(shù)的Bean
    public <T> T getBean(String name, @Nullable Class<T> requiredType, @Nullable Object... args)
            throws BeansException {
        //doGetBean 才是真正向IOC 容器獲取被管理Bean 的過程
        return doGetBean(name, requiredType, args, false);
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    //真正實現(xiàn)向IOC 容器獲取Bean 的功能,也是觸發(fā)依賴注入功能的地方
    protected <T> T doGetBean(final String name, @Nullable final Class<T> requiredType,
                              @Nullable final Object[] args, boolean typeCheckOnly) throws BeansException {
        //根據(jù)指定的名稱獲取被管理Bean 的名稱,剝離指定名稱中對容器的相關(guān)依賴
        //如果指定的是別名,將別名轉(zhuǎn)換為規(guī)范的Bean 名稱
        final String beanName = transformedBeanName(name);
        Object bean;
        //先從緩存中取是否已經(jīng)有被創(chuàng)建過的單態(tài)類型的Bean
        //對于單例模式的Bean 整個IOC 容器中只創(chuàng)建一次,不需要重復(fù)創(chuàng)建
        Object sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName);
        //IOC 容器創(chuàng)建單例模式Bean 實例對象
        if (sharedInstance != null && args == null) {
            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                //如果指定名稱的Bean 在容器中已有單例模式的Bean 被創(chuàng)建
                //直接返回已經(jīng)創(chuàng)建的Bean
                if (isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
                    logger.debug("Returning eagerly cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName +
                            "' that is not fully initialized yet - a consequence of a circular reference");
                } else {
                    logger.debug("Returning cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName + "'");
                }
            }
            //獲取給定Bean 的實例對象,主要是完成FactoryBean 的相關(guān)處理
            //注意:BeanFactory 是管理容器中Bean 的工廠,而FactoryBean 是
            //創(chuàng)建創(chuàng)建對象的工廠Bean,兩者之間有區(qū)別
            bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, null);
        } else {
            //緩存沒有正在創(chuàng)建的單例模式Bean
            //緩存中已經(jīng)有已經(jīng)創(chuàng)建的原型模式Bean
            //但是由于循環(huán)引用的問題導(dǎo)致實例化對象失敗
            if (isPrototypeCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
                throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName);
            }
            //對IOC 容器中是否存在指定名稱的BeanDefinition 進行檢查,首先檢查是否
            //能在當(dāng)前的BeanFactory 中獲取的所需要的Bean,如果不能則委托當(dāng)前容器
            //的父級容器去查找,如果還是找不到則沿著容器的繼承體系向父級容器查找
            BeanFactory parentBeanFactory = getParentBeanFactory();
            //當(dāng)前容器的父級容器存在,且當(dāng)前容器中不存在指定名稱的Bean
            if (parentBeanFactory != null && !containsBeanDefinition(beanName)) {
                //解析指定Bean 名稱的原始名稱
                String nameToLookup = originalBeanName(name);
                if (parentBeanFactory instanceof AbstractBeanFactory) {
                    return ((AbstractBeanFactory) parentBeanFactory).doGetBean(
                            nameToLookup, requiredType, args, typeCheckOnly);
                } else if (args != null) {
                    //委派父級容器根據(jù)指定名稱和顯式的參數(shù)查找
                    return (T) parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup, args);
                } else {
                    //委派父級容器根據(jù)指定名稱和類型查找
                    return parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup, requiredType);
                }
            }
            //創(chuàng)建的Bean 是否需要進行類型驗證,一般不需要
            if (!typeCheckOnly) {
                //向容器標(biāo)記指定的Bean 已經(jīng)被創(chuàng)建
                markBeanAsCreated(beanName);
            }
            try {
                //根據(jù)指定Bean 名稱獲取其父級的Bean 定義
                //主要解決Bean 繼承時子類合并父類公共屬性問題
                final RootBeanDefinition mbd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);
                checkMergedBeanDefinition(mbd, beanName, args);
                //獲取當(dāng)前Bean 所有依賴Bean 的名稱
                String[] dependsOn = mbd.getDependsOn();
                //如果當(dāng)前Bean 有依賴Bean
                if (dependsOn != null) {
                    for (String dep : dependsOn) {
                        if (isDependent(beanName, dep)) {
                            throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
                                    "Circular depends-on relationship between '" + beanName + "' and '" + dep + "'");
                        }
                        //遞歸調(diào)用getBean 方法,獲取當(dāng)前Bean 的依賴Bean
                        registerDependentBean(dep, beanName);
                        //把被依賴Bean 注冊給當(dāng)前依賴的Bean
                        getBean(dep);
                    }
                }
                //創(chuàng)建單例模式Bean 的實例對象
                if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
                    //這里使用了一個匿名內(nèi)部類,創(chuàng)建Bean 實例對象,并且注冊給所依賴的對象
                    sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName, () -> {
                        try {
                            //創(chuàng)建一個指定Bean 實例對象,如果有父級繼承,則合并子類和父類的定義
                            return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
                        } catch (BeansException ex) {
                            //顯式地從容器單例模式Bean 緩存中清除實例對象
                            destroySingleton(beanName);
                            throw ex;
                        }
                    });
                    //獲取給定Bean 的實例對象
                    bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
                }
                //IOC 容器創(chuàng)建原型模式Bean 實例對象
                else if (mbd.isPrototype()) {
                    //原型模式(Prototype)是每次都會創(chuàng)建一個新的對象
                    Object prototypeInstance = null;
                    try {
                        //回調(diào)beforePrototypeCreation 方法,默認(rèn)的功能是注冊當(dāng)前創(chuàng)建的原型對象
                        beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);
                        //創(chuàng)建指定Bean 對象實例
                        prototypeInstance = createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
                    } finally {
                        //回調(diào)afterPrototypeCreation 方法,默認(rèn)的功能告訴IOC 容器指定Bean 的原型對象不再創(chuàng)建
                        afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);
                    }
                    //獲取給定Bean 的實例對象
                    bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(prototypeInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
                }
                //要創(chuàng)建的Bean 既不是單例模式,也不是原型模式,則根據(jù)Bean 定義資源中
                //配置的生命周期范圍,選擇實例化Bean 的合適方法,這種在Web 應(yīng)用程序中
                //比較常用,如:request、session、application 等生命周期
                else {
                    String scopeName = mbd.getScope();
                    final Scope scope = this.scopes.get(scopeName);
                    //Bean 定義資源中沒有配置生命周期范圍,則Bean 定義不合法
                    if (scope == null) {
                        throw new IllegalStateException("No Scope registered for scope name '" + scopeName + "'");
                    }
                    try {
                        //這里又使用了一個匿名內(nèi)部類,獲取一個指定生命周期范圍的實例
                        Object scopedInstance = scope.get(beanName, () -> {
                            beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);
                            try {
                                return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
                            } finally {
                                afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);
                            }
                        });
                        //獲取給定Bean 的實例對象
                        bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(scopedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
                    } catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
                        throw new BeanCreationException(beanName,
                                "Scope '" + scopeName + "' is not active for the current thread; consider " +
                                        "defining a scoped proxy for this bean if you intend to refer to it from a singleton",
                                ex);
                    }
                }
            } catch (BeansException ex) {
                cleanupAfterBeanCreationFailure(beanName);
                throw ex;
            }
        }
        //對創(chuàng)建的Bean 實例對象進行類型檢查
        if (requiredType != null && !requiredType.isInstance(bean)) {
            try {
                T convertedBean = getTypeConverter().convertIfNecessary(bean, requiredType);
                if (convertedBean == null) {
                    throw new BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException(name, requiredType, bean.getClass());
                }
                return convertedBean;
            } catch (TypeMismatchException ex) {
                if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    logger.debug("Failed to convert bean '" + name + "' to required type '" +
                            ClassUtils.getQualifiedName(requiredType) + "'", ex);
                }
                throw new BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException(name, requiredType, bean.getClass());
            }
        }
        return (T) bean;
    }

通過上面對向IOC 容器獲取Bean 方法的分析,我們可以看到在Spring 中,如果Bean 定義的單例模式(Singleton),則容器在創(chuàng)建之前先從緩存中查找,以確保整個容器中只存在一個實例對象。如果Bean定義的是原型模式(Prototype),則容器每次都會創(chuàng)建一個新的實例對象。除此之外,Bean 定義還可以擴展為指定其生命周期范圍。

上面的源碼只是定義了根據(jù)Bean 定義的模式,采取的不同創(chuàng)建Bean 實例對象的策略,具體的Bean實例對象的創(chuàng)建過程由實現(xiàn)了ObjectFactory 接口的匿名內(nèi)部類的createBean() 方法完成,ObjectFactory 使用委派模式, 具體的Bean 實例創(chuàng)建過程交由其實現(xiàn)類AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory 完成,我們繼續(xù)分析AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory的createBean()方法的源碼,理解其創(chuàng)建Bean 實例的具體實現(xiàn)過程。

開始實例化

AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory 類實現(xiàn)了ObjectFactory 接口,創(chuàng)建容器指定的Bean 實例對象,同時還對創(chuàng)建的Bean 實例對象進行初始化處理。其創(chuàng)建Bean 實例對象的方法源碼如下:

    //創(chuàng)建Bean 實例對象
    @Override
    protected Object createBean(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, @Nullable Object[] args)
            throws BeanCreationException {
        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
            logger.debug("Creating instance of bean '" + beanName + "'");
        }
        RootBeanDefinition mbdToUse = mbd;
        //判斷需要創(chuàng)建的Bean 是否可以實例化,即是否可以通過當(dāng)前的類加載器加載
        Class<?> resolvedClass = resolveBeanClass(mbd, beanName);
        if (resolvedClass != null && !mbd.hasBeanClass() && mbd.getBeanClassName() != null) {
            mbdToUse = new RootBeanDefinition(mbd);
            mbdToUse.setBeanClass(resolvedClass);
        }
        //校驗和準(zhǔn)備Bean 中的方法覆蓋
        try {
            mbdToUse.prepareMethodOverrides();
        } catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException ex) {
            throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(mbdToUse.getResourceDescription(),
                    beanName, "Validation of Method overrides failed", ex);
        }
        try {
            //如果Bean 配置了初始化前和初始化后的處理器,則試圖返回一個需要創(chuàng)建Bean 的代理對象
            Object bean = resolveBeforeInstantiation(beanName, mbdToUse);
            if (bean != null) {
                return bean;
            }
        } catch (Throwable ex) {
            throw new BeanCreationException(mbdToUse.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
                    "BeanPostProcessor before instantiation of bean failed", ex);
        }
        try {
            //創(chuàng)建Bean 的入口
            Object beanInstance = doCreateBean(beanName, mbdToUse, args);
            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                logger.debug("Finished creating instance of bean '" + beanName + "'");
            }
            return beanInstance;
        } catch (BeanCreationException ex) {
            throw ex;
        } catch (ImplicitlyAppearedSingletonException ex) {
            throw ex;
        } catch (Throwable ex) {
            throw new BeanCreationException(
                    mbdToUse.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Unexpected exception during bean creation", ex);
        }
    }

    //真正創(chuàng)建Bean 的方法
    protected Object doCreateBean(final String beanName, final RootBeanDefinition mbd, final @Nullable Object[] args)
            throws BeanCreationException {
        //封裝被創(chuàng)建的Bean 對象
        BeanWrapper instanceWrapper = null;
        if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
            instanceWrapper = this.factoryBeanInstanceCache.remove(beanName);
        }
        if (instanceWrapper == null) {
            instanceWrapper = createBeanInstance(beanName, mbd, args);
        }
        final Object bean = instanceWrapper.getWrappedInstance();
        //獲取實例化對象的類型
        Class<?> beanType = instanceWrapper.getWrappedClass();
        if (beanType != NullBean.class) {
            mbd.resolvedTargetType = beanType;
        }
        //調(diào)用PostProcessor 后置處理器
        synchronized (mbd.postProcessingLock) {
            if (!mbd.postProcessed) {
                try {
                    applyMergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessors(mbd, beanType, beanName);
                } catch (Throwable ex) {
                    throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
                            "Post-processing of merged bean definition failed", ex);
                }
                mbd.postProcessed = true;
            }
        }
        //向容器中緩存單例模式的Bean 對象,以防循環(huán)引用
        boolean earlySingletonExposure = (mbd.isSingleton() && this.allowCircularReferences &&
                isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName));
        if (earlySingletonExposure) {
            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                logger.debug("Eagerly caching bean '" + beanName +
                        "' to allow for resolving potential circular references");
            }
            //這里是一個匿名內(nèi)部類,為了防止循環(huán)引用,盡早持有對象的引用
            addSingletonFactory(beanName, () -> getEarlyBeanReference(beanName, mbd, bean));
        }
        //Bean 對象的初始化,依賴注入在此觸發(fā)
        //這個exposedObject 在初始化完成之后返回作為依賴注入完成后的Bean
        Object exposedObject = bean;
        try {
            //將Bean 實例對象封裝,并且Bean 定義中配置的屬性值賦值給實例對象
            populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper);
            //初始化Bean 對象
            exposedObject = initializeBean(beanName, exposedObject, mbd);
        } catch (Throwable ex) {
            if (ex instanceof BeanCreationException && beanName.equals(((BeanCreationException) ex).getBeanName())) {
                throw (BeanCreationException) ex;
            } else {
                throw new BeanCreationException(
                        mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Initialization of bean failed", ex);
            }
        }
        if (earlySingletonExposure) {
            //獲取指定名稱的已注冊的單例模式Bean 對象
            Object earlySingletonReference = getSingleton(beanName, false);
            if (earlySingletonReference != null) {
                //根據(jù)名稱獲取的已注冊的Bean 和正在實例化的Bean 是同一個
                if (exposedObject == bean) {
                    //當(dāng)前實例化的Bean 初始化完成
                    exposedObject = earlySingletonReference;
                }
                //當(dāng)前Bean 依賴其他Bean,并且當(dāng)發(fā)生循環(huán)引用時不允許新創(chuàng)建實例對象
                else if (!this.allowRawInjectionDespiteWrapping && hasDependentBean(beanName)) {
                    String[] dependentBeans = getDependentBeans(beanName);
                    Set<String> actualDependentBeans = new LinkedHashSet<>(dependentBeans.length);
                    //獲取當(dāng)前Bean 所依賴的其他Bean
                    for (String dependentBean : dependentBeans) {
                        //對依賴Bean 進行類型檢查
                        if (!removeSingletonIfCreatedForTypeCheckOnly(dependentBean)) {
                            actualDependentBeans.add(dependentBean);
                        }
                    }
                    if (!actualDependentBeans.isEmpty()) {
                        throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName,
                                "Bean with name '" + beanName + "' has been injected into other beans [" +
                                        StringUtils.collectionToCommaDelimitedString(actualDependentBeans) +
                                        "] in its raw version as part of a circular reference, but has eventually been " +
                                        "wrapped. This means that said other beans do not use the final version of the " +
                                        "bean. This is often the result of over-eager type matching - consider using " +
                                        "'getBeanNamesOfType' with the 'allowEagerInit' flag turned off, for example.");
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        //注冊完成依賴注入的Bean
        try {
            registerDisposableBeanIfNecessary(beanName, bean, mbd);
        } catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException ex) {
            throw new BeanCreationException(
                    mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Invalid destruction signature", ex);
        }
        return exposedObject;
    }

通過上面的源碼注釋,我們看到具體的依賴注入實現(xiàn)其實就在以下兩個方法中:
1)、createBeanInstance()方法,生成Bean 所包含的java 對象實例。
2)、populateBean()方法,對Bean 屬性的依賴注入進行處理。
下面繼續(xù)分析這兩個方法的代碼實現(xiàn)。

選擇Bean 實例化策略

在createBeanInstance()方法中,根據(jù)指定的初始化策略,使用簡單工廠、工廠方法或者容器的自動裝配特性生成Java 實例對象,創(chuàng)建對象的源碼如下:

    //創(chuàng)建Bean 的實例對象
    protected BeanWrapper createBeanInstance(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, @Nullable Object[] args) {
        //檢查確認(rèn)Bean 是可實例化的
        Class<?> beanClass = resolveBeanClass(mbd, beanName);
        //使用工廠方法對Bean 進行實例化
        if (beanClass != null && !Modifier.isPublic(beanClass.getModifiers()) && !mbd.isNonPublicAccessAllowed()) {
            throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
                    "Bean class isn't public, and non-public access not allowed: " + beanClass.getName());
        }
        Supplier<?> instanceSupplier = mbd.getInstanceSupplier();
        if (instanceSupplier != null) {
            return obtainFromSupplier(instanceSupplier, beanName);
        }
        if (mbd.getFactoryMethodName() != null) {
            //調(diào)用工廠方法實例化
            return instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(beanName, mbd, args);
        }
        //使用容器的自動裝配方法進行實例化
        boolean resolved = false;
        boolean autowireNecessary = false;
        if (args == null) {
            synchronized (mbd.constructorArgumentLock) {
                if (mbd.resolvedConstructorOrFactoryMethod != null) {
                    resolved = true;
                    autowireNecessary = mbd.constructorArgumentsResolved;
                }
            }
        }
        if (resolved) {
            if (autowireNecessary) {
                //配置了自動裝配屬性,使用容器的自動裝配實例化
                //容器的自動裝配是根據(jù)參數(shù)類型匹配Bean 的構(gòu)造方法
                return autowireConstructor(beanName, mbd, null, null);
            } else {
                //使用默認(rèn)的無參構(gòu)造方法實例化
                return instantiateBean(beanName, mbd);
            }
        }
        //使用Bean 的構(gòu)造方法進行實例化
        Constructor<?>[] ctors = determineConstructorsFromBeanPostProcessors(beanClass, beanName);
        if (ctors != null ||
                mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == RootBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_CONSTRUCTOR ||
                mbd.hasConstructorArgumentValues() || !ObjectUtils.isEmpty(args)) {
            //使用容器的自動裝配特性,調(diào)用匹配的構(gòu)造方法實例化
            return autowireConstructor(beanName, mbd, ctors, args);
        }
        //使用默認(rèn)的無參構(gòu)造方法實例化
        return instantiateBean(beanName, mbd);
    }

    //使用默認(rèn)的無參構(gòu)造方法實例化Bean 對象
    protected BeanWrapper instantiateBean(final String beanName, final RootBeanDefinition mbd) {
        try {
            Object beanInstance;
            final BeanFactory parent = this;
            //獲取系統(tǒng)的安全管理接口,JDK 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的安全管理API
            if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
                //這里是一個匿名內(nèi)置類,根據(jù)實例化策略創(chuàng)建實例對象
                beanInstance = AccessController.doPrivileged((PrivilegedAction<Object>) () ->
                                getInstantiationStrategy().instantiate(mbd, beanName, parent),
                        getAccessControlContext());
            } else {
                //將實例化的對象封裝起來
                beanInstance = getInstantiationStrategy().instantiate(mbd, beanName, parent);
            }
            BeanWrapper bw = new BeanWrapperImpl(beanInstance);
            initBeanWrapper(bw);
            return bw;
        } catch (Throwable ex) {
            throw new BeanCreationException(
                    mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Instantiation of bean failed", ex);
        }
    }

經(jīng)過對上面的代碼分析,我們可以看出,對使用工廠方法和自動裝配特性的Bean 的實例化相當(dāng)比較清楚,調(diào)用相應(yīng)的工廠方法或者參數(shù)匹配的構(gòu)造方法即可完成實例化對象的工作,但是對于我們最常使用的默認(rèn)無參構(gòu)造方法就需要使用相應(yīng)的初始化策略(JDK 的反射機制或者CGLib)來進行初始化了,在方法getInstantiationStrategy().instantiate()中就具體實現(xiàn)類使用初始策略實例化象。

執(zhí)行Bean 實例化

在使用默認(rèn)的無參構(gòu)造方法創(chuàng)建Bean 的實例化對象時,方法getInstantiationStrategy().instantiate()調(diào)用了SimpleInstantiationStrategy 類中的實例化Bean 的方法,其源碼如下:

    //使用初始化策略實例化Bean 對象
    @Override
    public Object instantiate(RootBeanDefinition bd, @Nullable String beanName, BeanFactory owner) {
        // Don't override the class with CGLib if no overrides.
        //如果Bean 定義中沒有方法覆蓋,則就不需要CGLib 父類類的方法
        if (!bd.hasMethodOverrides()) {
            Constructor<?> constructorToUse;
            synchronized (bd.constructorArgumentLock) {
                //獲取對象的構(gòu)造方法或工廠方法
                constructorToUse = (Constructor<?>) bd.resolvedConstructorOrFactoryMethod;
                //如果沒有構(gòu)造方法且沒有工廠方法
                if (constructorToUse == null) {
                    //使用JDK 的反射機制,判斷要實例化的Bean 是否是接口
                    final Class<?> clazz = bd.getBeanClass();
                    if (clazz.isInterface()) {
                        throw new BeanInstantiationException(clazz, "Specified class is an interface");
                    }
                    try {
                        if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
                            //這里是一個匿名內(nèi)置類,使用反射機制獲取Bean 的構(gòu)造方法
                            constructorToUse = AccessController.doPrivileged(
                                    (PrivilegedExceptionAction<Constructor<?>>) () -> clazz.getDeclaredConstructor());
                        } else {
                            constructorToUse = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor();
                        }
                        bd.resolvedConstructorOrFactoryMethod = constructorToUse;
                    } catch (Throwable ex) {
                        throw new BeanInstantiationException(clazz, "No default constructor found", ex);
                    }
                }
            }
            //使用BeanUtils 實例化,通過反射機制調(diào)用”構(gòu)造方法.newInstance(arg)”來進行實例化
            return BeanUtils.instantiateClass(constructorToUse);
        } else {
            // Must generate CGLib subclass.
            //使用CGLib 來實例化對象
            return instantiateWithMethodInjection(bd, beanName, owner);
        }
    }

通過上面的代碼分析,我們看到了如果Bean 有方法被覆蓋了,則使用JDK 的反射機制進行實例化,否則,使用CGLib 進行實例化。
instantiateWithMethodInjection() 方法調(diào)用SimpleInstantiationStrategy 的子類CGLibSubclassingInstantiationStrategy 使用CGLib 來進行初始化,其源碼如下:

    //使用CGLib 進行Bean 對象實例化
    public Object instantiate(@Nullable Constructor<?> ctor, @Nullable Object... args) {
        //創(chuàng)建代理子類
        Class<?> subclass = createEnhancedSubclass(this.beanDefinition);
        Object instance;
        if (ctor == null) {
            instance = BeanUtils.instantiateClass(subclass);
        } else {
            try {
                Constructor<?> enhancedSubclassConstructor = subclass.getConstructor(ctor.getParameterTypes());
                instance = enhancedSubclassConstructor.newInstance(args);
            } catch (Exception ex) {
                throw new BeanInstantiationException(this.beanDefinition.getBeanClass(),
                        "Failed to invoke constructor for CGLib enhanced subclass [" + subclass.getName() + "]", ex);
            }
        }
        Factory factory = (Factory) instance;
        factory.setCallbacks(new Callback[]{NoOp.INSTANCE,
                new LookupOverrideMethodInterceptor(this.beanDefinition, this.owner),
                new ReplaceOverrideMethodInterceptor(this.beanDefinition, this.owner)});
        return instance;
    }

    private Class<?> createEnhancedSubclass(RootBeanDefinition beanDefinition) {
        //CGLib 中的類
        Enhancer enhancer = new Enhancer();
        //將Bean 本身作為其基類
        enhancer.setSuperclass(beanDefinition.getBeanClass());
        enhancer.setNamingPolicy(SpringNamingPolicy.INSTANCE);
        if (this.owner instanceof ConfigurableBeanFactory) {
            ClassLoader cl = ((ConfigurableBeanFactory) this.owner).getBeanClassLoader();
            enhancer.setStrategy(new ClassLoaderAwareGeneratorStrategy(cl));
        }
        enhancer.setCallbackFilter(new MethodOverrideCallbackFilter(beanDefinition));
        enhancer.setCallbackTypes(CALLBACK_TYPES);
        //使用CGLib 的createClass 方法生成實例對象
        return enhancer.createClass();
    }

CGLib 是一個常用的字節(jié)碼生成器的類庫,它提供了一系列API 實現(xiàn)Java 字節(jié)碼的生成和轉(zhuǎn)換功能。我們在學(xué)習(xí)JDK 的動態(tài)代理時都知道,JDK 的動態(tài)代理只能針對接口,如果一個類沒有實現(xiàn)任何接口,要對其進行動態(tài)代理只能使用CGLib。

準(zhǔn)備依賴注入

在前面的分析中我們已經(jīng)了解到Bean 的依賴注入主要分為兩個步驟,首先調(diào)用createBeanInstance()方法生成Bean 所包含的Java 對象實例。然后,調(diào)用populateBean()方法,對Bean 屬性的依賴注入進行處理。

上面我們已經(jīng)分析了容器初始化生成Bean 所包含的Java 實例對象的過程,現(xiàn)在我們繼續(xù)分析生成對象后,Spring IOC 容器是如何將Bean 的屬性依賴關(guān)系注入Bean 實例對象中并設(shè)置好的,回到AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory 的populateBean()方法,對屬性依賴注入的代碼如下:

    //將Bean 屬性設(shè)置到生成的實例對象上
    protected void populateBean(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, @Nullable BeanWrapper bw) {
        if (bw == null) {
            if (mbd.hasPropertyValues()) {
                throw new BeanCreationException(
                        mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Cannot apply property values to null instance");
            } else {
                return;
            }
        }
        boolean continueWithPropertyPopulation = true;
        if (!mbd.isSynthetic() && hasInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors()) {
            for (BeanPostProcessor bp : getBeanPostProcessors()) {
                if (bp instanceof InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) {
                    InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor ibp = (InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) bp;
                    if (!ibp.postProcessAfterInstantiation(bw.getWrappedInstance(), beanName)) {
                        continueWithPropertyPopulation = false;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        if (!continueWithPropertyPopulation) {
            return;
        }
        //獲取容器在解析Bean 定義資源時為BeanDefiniton 中設(shè)置的屬性值
        PropertyValues pvs = (mbd.hasPropertyValues() ? mbd.getPropertyValues() : null);
        if (mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == RootBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_BY_NAME ||
                mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == RootBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_BY_TYPE) {
            MutablePropertyValues newPvs = new MutablePropertyValues(pvs);
            if (mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == RootBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_BY_NAME) {
                autowireByName(beanName, mbd, bw, newPvs);
            }
            if (mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == RootBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_BY_TYPE) {
                autowireByType(beanName, mbd, bw, newPvs);
            }
            pvs = newPvs;
        }
        boolean hasInstAwareBpps = hasInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors();
        boolean needsDepCheck = (mbd.getDependencyCheck() != RootBeanDefinition.DEPENDENCY_CHECK_NONE);
        if (hasInstAwareBpps || needsDepCheck) {
            if (pvs == null) {
                pvs = mbd.getPropertyValues();
            }
            PropertyDescriptor[] filteredPds = filterPropertyDescriptorsForDependencyCheck(bw, mbd.allowCaching);
            if (hasInstAwareBpps) {
                for (BeanPostProcessor bp : getBeanPostProcessors()) {
                    if (bp instanceof InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) {
                        InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor ibp = (InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) bp;
                        pvs = ibp.postProcessPropertyValues(pvs, filteredPds, bw.getWrappedInstance(), beanName);
                        if (pvs == null) {
                            return;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            if (needsDepCheck) {
                checkDependencies(beanName, mbd, filteredPds, pvs);
            }
        }
        if (pvs != null) {
            //對屬性進行注入
            applyPropertyValues(beanName, mbd, bw, pvs);
        }
    }

    //解析并注入依賴屬性的過程
    protected void applyPropertyValues(String beanName, BeanDefinition mbd, BeanWrapper bw, PropertyValues pvs) {
        if (pvs.isEmpty()) {
            return;
        }
        //封裝屬性值
        MutablePropertyValues mpvs = null;
        List<PropertyValue> original;
        if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
            if (bw instanceof BeanWrapperImpl) {
                //設(shè)置安全上下文,JDK 安全機制
                ((BeanWrapperImpl) bw).setSecurityContext(getAccessControlContext());
            }
        }
        if (pvs instanceof MutablePropertyValues) {
            mpvs = (MutablePropertyValues) pvs;
            //屬性值已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)換
            if (mpvs.isConverted()) {
                try {
                    //為實例化對象設(shè)置屬性值
                    bw.setPropertyValues(mpvs);
                    return;
                } catch (BeansException ex) {
                    throw new BeanCreationException(
                            mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Error setting property values", ex);
                }
            }
            //獲取屬性值對象的原始類型值
            original = mpvs.getPropertyValueList();
        } else {
            original = Arrays.asList(pvs.getPropertyValues());
        }
        //獲取用戶自定義的類型轉(zhuǎn)換
        TypeConverter converter = getCustomTypeConverter();
        if (converter == null) {
            converter = bw;
        }
        //創(chuàng)建一個Bean 定義屬性值解析器,將Bean 定義中的屬性值解析為Bean 實例對象的實際值
        BeanDefinitionValueResolver valueResolver = new BeanDefinitionValueResolver(this, beanName, mbd, converter);
        //為屬性的解析值創(chuàng)建一個拷貝,將拷貝的數(shù)據(jù)注入到實例對象中
        List<PropertyValue> deepCopy = new ArrayList<>(original.size());
        boolean resolveNecessary = false;
        for (PropertyValue pv : original) {
            //屬性值不需要轉(zhuǎn)換
            if (pv.isConverted()) {
                deepCopy.add(pv);
            }
            //屬性值需要轉(zhuǎn)換
            else {
                String propertyName = pv.getName();
                //原始的屬性值,即轉(zhuǎn)換之前的屬性值
                Object originalValue = pv.getValue();
                //轉(zhuǎn)換屬性值,例如將引用轉(zhuǎn)換為IOC 容器中實例化對象引用
                Object resolvedValue = valueResolver.resolveValueIfNecessary(pv, originalValue);
                //轉(zhuǎn)換之后的屬性值
                Object convertedValue = resolvedValue;
                //屬性值是否可以轉(zhuǎn)換
                boolean convertible = bw.isWritableProperty(propertyName) &&
                        !PropertyAccessorUtils.isNestedOrIndexedProperty(propertyName);
                if (convertible) {
                    //使用用戶自定義的類型轉(zhuǎn)換器轉(zhuǎn)換屬性值
                    convertedValue = convertForProperty(resolvedValue, propertyName, bw, converter);
                }
                //存儲轉(zhuǎn)換后的屬性值,避免每次屬性注入時的轉(zhuǎn)換工作
                if (resolvedValue == originalValue) {
                    if (convertible) {
                        //設(shè)置屬性轉(zhuǎn)換之后的值
                        pv.setConvertedValue(convertedValue);
                    }
                    deepCopy.add(pv);
                }
                //屬性是可轉(zhuǎn)換的,且屬性原始值是字符串類型,且屬性的原始類型值不是
                //動態(tài)生成的字符串,且屬性的原始值不是集合或者數(shù)組類型
                else if (convertible && originalValue instanceof TypedStringValue &&
                        !((TypedStringValue) originalValue).isDynamic() &&
                        !(convertedValue instanceof Collection || ObjectUtils.isArray(convertedValue))) {
                    pv.setConvertedValue(convertedValue);
                    //重新封裝屬性的值
                    deepCopy.add(pv);
                } else {
                    resolveNecessary = true;
                    deepCopy.add(new PropertyValue(pv, convertedValue));
                }
            }
        }
        if (mpvs != null && !resolveNecessary) {
            //標(biāo)記屬性值已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)換過
            mpvs.setConverted();
        }
        //進行屬性依賴注入
        try {
            bw.setPropertyValues(new MutablePropertyValues(deepCopy));
        } catch (BeansException ex) {
            throw new BeanCreationException(
                    mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Error setting property values", ex);
        }
    }

分析上述代碼,我們可以看出,對屬性的注入過程分以下兩種情況:
1)、屬性值類型不需要強制轉(zhuǎn)換時,不需要解析屬性值,直接準(zhǔn)備進行依賴注入。
2)、屬性值需要進行類型強制轉(zhuǎn)換時,如對其他對象的引用等,首先需要解析屬性值,然后對解析后的屬性值進行依賴注入。

對屬性值的解析是在BeanDefinitionValueResolver 類中的resolveValueIfNecessary()方法中進行的,對屬性值的依賴注入是通過bw.setPropertyValues()方法實現(xiàn)的,在分析屬性值的依賴注入之前,我們先分析一下對屬性值的解析過程。

解析屬性注入規(guī)則

當(dāng)容器在對屬性進行依賴注入時,如果發(fā)現(xiàn)屬性值需要進行類型轉(zhuǎn)換,如屬性值是容器中另一個Bean實例對象的引用,則容器首先需要根據(jù)屬性值解析出所引用的對象,然后才能將該引用對象注入到目標(biāo)實例對象的屬性上去,對屬性進行解析的由resolveValueIfNecessary()方法實現(xiàn),其源碼如下:

    //解析屬性值,對注入類型進行轉(zhuǎn)換
    @Nullable
    public Object resolveValueIfNecessary(Object argName, @Nullable Object value) {
        //對引用類型的屬性進行解析
        if (value instanceof RuntimeBeanReference) {
            RuntimeBeanReference ref = (RuntimeBeanReference) value;
            //調(diào)用引用類型屬性的解析方法
            return resolveReference(argName, ref);
        }
        //對屬性值是引用容器中另一個Bean 名稱的解析
        else if (value instanceof RuntimeBeanNameReference) {
            String refName = ((RuntimeBeanNameReference) value).getBeanName();
            refName = String.valueOf(doEvaluate(refName));
            //從容器中獲取指定名稱的Bean
            if (!this.beanFactory.containsBean(refName)) {
                throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(
                        "Invalid bean name '" + refName + "' in bean reference for " + argName);
            }
            return refName;
        }
        //對Bean 類型屬性的解析,主要是Bean 中的內(nèi)部類
        else if (value instanceof BeanDefinitionHolder) {
            BeanDefinitionHolder bdHolder = (BeanDefinitionHolder) value;
            return resolveInnerBean(argName, bdHolder.getBeanName(), bdHolder.getBeanDefinition());
        } else if (value instanceof BeanDefinition) {
            BeanDefinition bd = (BeanDefinition) value;
            String innerBeanName = "(inner bean)" + BeanFactoryUtils.GENERATED_BEAN_NAME_SEPARATOR +
                    ObjectUtils.getIdentityHexString(bd);
            return resolveInnerBean(argName, innerBeanName, bd);
        }
        //對集合數(shù)組類型的屬性解析
        else if (value instanceof ManagedArray) {
            ManagedArray array = (ManagedArray) value;
            //獲取數(shù)組的類型
            Class<?> elementType = array.resolvedElementType;
            if (elementType == null) {
                //獲取數(shù)組元素的類型
                String elementTypeName = array.getElementTypeName();
                if (StringUtils.hasText(elementTypeName)) {
                    try {
                        //使用反射機制創(chuàng)建指定類型的對象
                        elementType = ClassUtils.forName(elementTypeName, this.beanFactory.getBeanClassLoader());
                        array.resolvedElementType = elementType;
                    } catch (Throwable ex) {
                        throw new BeanCreationException(
                                this.beanDefinition.getResourceDescription(), this.beanName,
                                "Error resolving array type for " + argName, ex);
                    }
                }
                //沒有獲取到數(shù)組的類型,也沒有獲取到數(shù)組元素的類型
                //則直接設(shè)置數(shù)組的類型為Object
                else {
                    elementType = Object.class;
                }
            }
            //創(chuàng)建指定類型的數(shù)組
            return resolveManagedArray(argName, (List<?>) value, elementType);
        }
        //解析list 類型的屬性值
        else if (value instanceof ManagedList) {
            return resolveManagedList(argName, (List<?>) value);
        }
        //解析set 類型的屬性值
        else if (value instanceof ManagedSet) {
            return resolveManagedSet(argName, (Set<?>) value);
        }
        //解析map 類型的屬性值
        else if (value instanceof ManagedMap) {
            return resolveManagedMap(argName, (Map<?, ?>) value);
        }
        //解析props 類型的屬性值,props 其實就是key 和value 均為字符串的map
        else if (value instanceof ManagedProperties) {
            Properties original = (Properties) value;
            //創(chuàng)建一個拷貝,用于作為解析后的返回值
            Properties copy = new Properties();
            original.forEach((propKey, propValue) -> {
                if (propKey instanceof TypedStringValue) {
                    propKey = evaluate((TypedStringValue) propKey);
                }
                if (propValue instanceof TypedStringValue) {
                    propValue = evaluate((TypedStringValue) propValue);
                }
                if (propKey == null || propValue == null) {
                    throw new BeanCreationException(
                            this.beanDefinition.getResourceDescription(), this.beanName,
                            "Error converting Properties key/value pair for " + argName + ": resolved to null");
                }
                copy.put(propKey, propValue);
            });
            return copy;
        }
        //解析字符串類型的屬性值
        else if (value instanceof TypedStringValue) {
            TypedStringValue typedStringValue = (TypedStringValue) value;
            Object valueObject = evaluate(typedStringValue);
            try {
                //獲取屬性的目標(biāo)類型
                Class<?> resolvedTargetType = resolveTargetType(typedStringValue);
                if (resolvedTargetType != null) {
                    //對目標(biāo)類型的屬性進行解析,遞歸調(diào)用
                    return this.typeConverter.convertIfNecessary(valueObject, resolvedTargetType);
                }
                //沒有獲取到屬性的目標(biāo)對象,則按Object 類型返回
                else {
                    return valueObject;
                }
            } catch (Throwable ex) {
                throw new BeanCreationException(
                        this.beanDefinition.getResourceDescription(), this.beanName,
                        "Error converting typed String value for " + argName, ex);
            }
        } else if (value instanceof NullBean) {
            return null;
        } else {
            return evaluate(value);
        }
    }

    //解析引用類型的屬性值
    @Nullable
    private Object resolveReference(Object argName, RuntimeBeanReference ref) {
        try {
            Object bean;
            //獲取引用的Bean 名稱
            String refName = ref.getBeanName();
            refName = String.valueOf(doEvaluate(refName));
            //如果引用的對象在父類容器中,則從父類容器中獲取指定的引用對象
            if (ref.isToParent()) {
                if (this.beanFactory.getParentBeanFactory() == null) {
                    throw new BeanCreationException(
                            this.beanDefinition.getResourceDescription(), this.beanName,
                            "Can't resolve reference to bean '" + refName +
                                    "' in parent factory: no parent factory available");
                }
                bean = this.beanFactory.getParentBeanFactory().getBean(refName);
            }
            //從當(dāng)前的容器中獲取指定的引用Bean 對象,如果指定的Bean 沒有被實例化
            //則會遞歸觸發(fā)引用Bean 的初始化和依賴注入
            else {
                bean = this.beanFactory.getBean(refName);
                //將當(dāng)前實例化對象的依賴引用對象
                this.beanFactory.registerDependentBean(refName, this.beanName);
            }
            if (bean instanceof NullBean) {
                bean = null;
            }
            return bean;
        } catch (BeansException ex) {
            throw new BeanCreationException(
                    this.beanDefinition.getResourceDescription(), this.beanName,
                    "Cannot resolve reference to bean '" + ref.getBeanName() + "' while setting " + argName, ex);
        }
    }

    //解析array 類型的屬性
    private Object resolveManagedArray(Object argName, List<?> ml, Class<?> elementType) {
        //創(chuàng)建一個指定類型的數(shù)組,用于存放和返回解析后的數(shù)組
        Object resolved = Array.newInstance(elementType, ml.size());
        for (int i = 0; i < ml.size(); i++) {
            //遞歸解析array 的每一個元素,并將解析后的值設(shè)置到resolved 數(shù)組中,索引為i
            Array.set(resolved, i,
                    resolveValueIfNecessary(new KeyedArgName(argName, i), ml.get(i)));
        }
        return resolved;
    }

通過上面的代碼分析,我們明白了Spring 是如何將引用類型,內(nèi)部類以及集合類型等屬性進行解析的,屬性值解析完成后就可以進行依賴注入了,依賴注入的過程就是Bean 對象實例設(shè)置到它所依賴的Bean對象屬性上去。而真正的依賴注入是通過bw.setPropertyValues()方法實現(xiàn)的,該方法也使用了委托模式, 在BeanWrapper 接口中至少定義了方法聲明, 依賴注入的具體實現(xiàn)交由其實現(xiàn)類BeanWrapperImpl 來完成,下面我們就分析依BeanWrapperImpl 中賴注入相關(guān)的源碼。

注入賦值

BeanWrapperImpl 類主要是對容器中完成初始化的Bean 實例對象進行屬性的依賴注入,即把Bean對象設(shè)置到它所依賴的另一個Bean 的屬性中去。然而,BeanWrapperImpl 中的注入方法實際上由AbstractNestablePropertyAccessor 來實現(xiàn)的,其相關(guān)源碼如下:

    //實現(xiàn)屬性依賴注入功能
    protected void setPropertyValue(PropertyTokenHolder tokens, PropertyValue pv) throws BeansException {
        if (tokens.keys != null) {
            processKeyedProperty(tokens, pv);
        } else {
            processLocalProperty(tokens, pv);
        }
    }

    //實現(xiàn)屬性依賴注入功能
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    private void processKeyedProperty(PropertyTokenHolder tokens, PropertyValue pv) {
        //調(diào)用屬性的getter(readerMethod)方法,獲取屬性的值
        Object propValue = getPropertyHoldingValue(tokens);
        PropertyHandler ph = getLocalPropertyHandler(tokens.actualName);
        if (ph == null) {
            throw new InvalidPropertyException(
                    getRootClass(), this.nestedPath + tokens.actualName, "No property handler found");
        }
        Assert.state(tokens.keys != null, "No token keys");
        String lastKey = tokens.keys[tokens.keys.length - 1];
        //注入array 類型的屬性值
        if (propValue.getClass().isArray()) {
            Class<?> requiredType = propValue.getClass().getComponentType();
            int arrayIndex = Integer.parseInt(lastKey);
            Object oldValue = null;
            try {
                if (isExtractOldValueForEditor() && arrayIndex < Array.getLength(propValue)) {
                    oldValue = Array.get(propValue, arrayIndex);
                }
                Object convertedValue = convertIfNecessary(tokens.canonicalName, oldValue, pv.getValue(),
                        requiredType, ph.nested(tokens.keys.length));
                //獲取集合類型屬性的長度
                int length = Array.getLength(propValue);
                if (arrayIndex >= length && arrayIndex < this.autoGrowCollectionLimit) {
                    Class<?> componentType = propValue.getClass().getComponentType();
                    Object newArray = Array.newInstance(componentType, arrayIndex + 1);
                    System.arraycopy(propValue, 0, newArray, 0, length);
                    setPropertyValue(tokens.actualName, newArray);
                    //調(diào)用屬性的getter(readerMethod)方法,獲取屬性的值
                    propValue = getPropertyValue(tokens.actualName);
                }
                //將屬性的值賦值給數(shù)組中的元素
                Array.set(propValue, arrayIndex, convertedValue);
            } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
                throw new InvalidPropertyException(getRootClass(), this.nestedPath + tokens.canonicalName,
                        "Invalid array index in property path '" + tokens.canonicalName + "'", ex);
            }
        }
        //注入list 類型的屬性值
        else if (propValue instanceof List) {
            //獲取list 集合的類型
            Class<?> requiredType = ph.getCollectionType(tokens.keys.length);
            List<Object> list = (List<Object>) propValue;
            //獲取list 集合的size
            int index = Integer.parseInt(lastKey);
            Object oldValue = null;
            if (isExtractOldValueForEditor() && index < list.size()) {
                oldValue = list.get(index);
            }
            //獲取list 解析后的屬性值
            Object convertedValue = convertIfNecessary(tokens.canonicalName, oldValue, pv.getValue(),
                    requiredType, ph.nested(tokens.keys.length));
            int size = list.size();
            //如果list 的長度大于屬性值的長度,則多余的元素賦值為null
            if (index >= size && index < this.autoGrowCollectionLimit) {
                for (int i = size; i < index; i++) {
                    try {
                        list.add(null);
                    } catch (NullPointerException ex) {
                        throw new InvalidPropertyException(getRootClass(), this.nestedPath + tokens.canonicalName,
                                "Cannot set element with index " + index + " in List of size " +
                                        size + ", accessed using property path '" + tokens.canonicalName +
                                        "': List does not support filling up gaps with null elements");
                    }
                }
                list.add(convertedValue);
            } else {
                try {
                    //將值添加到list 中
                    list.set(index, convertedValue);
                } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
                    throw new InvalidPropertyException(getRootClass(), this.nestedPath + tokens.canonicalName,
                            "Invalid list index in property path '" + tokens.canonicalName + "'", ex);
                }
            }
        }
        //注入map 類型的屬性值
        else if (propValue instanceof Map) {
            //獲取map 集合key 的類型
            Class<?> mapKeyType = ph.getMapKeyType(tokens.keys.length);
            //獲取map 集合value 的類型
            Class<?> mapValueType = ph.getMapValueType(tokens.keys.length);
            Map<Object, Object> map = (Map<Object, Object>) propValue;
            TypeDescriptor typeDescriptor = TypeDescriptor.valueOf(mapKeyType);
            //解析map 類型屬性key 值
            Object convertedMapKey = convertIfNecessary(null, null, lastKey, mapKeyType, typeDescriptor);
            Object oldValue = null;
            if (isExtractOldValueForEditor()) {
                oldValue = map.get(convertedMapKey);
            }
            //解析map 類型屬性value 值
            Object convertedMapValue = convertIfNecessary(tokens.canonicalName, oldValue, pv.getValue(),
                    mapValueType, ph.nested(tokens.keys.length));
            //將解析后的key 和value 值賦值給map 集合屬性
            map.put(convertedMapKey, convertedMapValue);
        } else {
            throw new InvalidPropertyException(getRootClass(), this.nestedPath + tokens.canonicalName,
                    "Property referenced in indexed property path '" + tokens.canonicalName +
                            "' is neither an array nor a List nor a Map; returned value was [" + propValue + "]");
        }
    }

    private Object getPropertyHoldingValue(PropertyTokenHolder tokens) {
        Assert.state(tokens.keys != null, "No token keys");
        PropertyTokenHolder getterTokens = new PropertyTokenHolder(tokens.actualName);
        getterTokens.canonicalName = tokens.canonicalName;
        getterTokens.keys = new String[tokens.keys.length - 1];
        System.arraycopy(tokens.keys, 0, getterTokens.keys, 0, tokens.keys.length - 1);
        Object propValue;
        try {
            //獲取屬性值
            propValue = getPropertyValue(getterTokens);
        } catch (NotReadablePropertyException ex) {
            throw new NotWritablePropertyException(getRootClass(), this.nestedPath + tokens.canonicalName,
                    "Cannot access indexed value in property referenced " +
                            "in indexed property path '" + tokens.canonicalName + "'", ex);
        }
        if (propValue == null) {
            if (isAutoGrowNestedPaths()) {
                int lastKeyIndex = tokens.canonicalName.lastIndexOf('[');
                getterTokens.canonicalName = tokens.canonicalName.substring(0, lastKeyIndex);
                propValue = setDefaultValue(getterTokens);
            } else {
                throw new NullValueInNestedPathException(getRootClass(), this.nestedPath + tokens.canonicalName,
                        "Cannot access indexed value in property referenced " +
                                "in indexed property path '" + tokens.canonicalName + "': returned null");
            }
        }
        return propValue;
    }

通過對上面注入依賴代碼的分析,我們已經(jīng)明白了Spring IOC 容器是如何將屬性的值注入到Bean 實例對象中去的:
1)、對于集合類型的屬性,將其屬性值解析為目標(biāo)類型的集合后直接賦值給屬性。
2)、對于非集合類型的屬性,大量使用了JDK 的反射機制,通過屬性的getter()方法獲取指定屬性注入以前的值,同時調(diào)用屬性的setter()方法為屬性設(shè)置注入后的值??吹竭@里相信很多人都明白了Spring的setter()注入原理。

至此Spring IOC 容器對Bean 定義資源文件的定位,載入、解析和依賴注入已經(jīng)全部分析完畢,現(xiàn)在Spring IOC 容器中管理了一系列靠依賴關(guān)系聯(lián)系起來的Bean,程序不需要應(yīng)用自己手動創(chuàng)建所需的對象,Spring IOC 容器會在我們使用的時候自動為我們創(chuàng)建,并且為我們注入好相關(guān)的依賴,這就是Spring 核心功能的控制反轉(zhuǎn)和依賴注入的相關(guān)功能。

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