1.1數(shù)據(jù)庫測(cè)試環(huán)境
RMAN恢復(fù)可以有原機(jī)恢復(fù)和異機(jī)恢復(fù)，這里我們將分別模擬這2種恢復(fù)場(chǎng)景。
1.2RMAN備份
1.2.1?設(shè)置數(shù)據(jù)庫歸檔
查看數(shù)據(jù)庫是否運(yùn)行在歸檔模式：
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode?????????No Archive Mode
Automatic archival???????Disabled?????#未開啟歸檔
Archive destination??????USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence?????117
Current log sequence??????????119
SQL>?
備注：如果數(shù)據(jù)庫已經(jīng)開啟歸檔，下面的操縱可以忽略。
如上所示未開啟歸檔，可按下面方法開啟數(shù)據(jù)庫歸檔
SQL>?shutdownimmediate????#關(guān)閉數(shù)據(jù)庫
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL>?startupmount;????#啟動(dòng)到mount狀態(tài)
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area??688959488 bytes
Fixed Size??????????2256432 bytes
Variable Size????????566231504 bytes
Database Buffers?????117440512 bytes
Redo Buffers???????????3031040 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL>?alterdatabase archivelog;????#開啟歸檔
Database altered.
SQL>?alterdatabase open;???#open數(shù)據(jù)庫
Database altered.
SQL>?altersystem set?log_archive_dest_1='location=/data/CEBPM/archivelog';??#設(shè)置歸檔路徑
System altered.
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode?????????Archive Mode
Automatic archival???????Enabled
Archive destination???????/data/CEBPM/archivelog
Oldest online log sequence?????119
Next log sequence to archive???121
Current log sequence??????????121
SQL>
1.2.2?構(gòu)建RMAN備份腳本
run{
???allocate channel d1 type disk;
???backup filesperset 10 full format'/data/backup/cebpm/fullback/FULLBAK_%d_%T_%s_%p' tag db_full_bakdatabase;??#全備份
???sql 'alter system archive log current';??#歸檔
???backup filesperset 50 archivelog all deleteall input tag arch_bak format'/data/backup/cebpm/archivelog/ARCHBAK_%d_%T_%s_%p';?#歸檔備份
???backup?format '/data/backup/cebpm/ctlbackup/CTLBAK_%d_%T_%s_%p' tag ctl_bakcurrent controlfile;?#控制文件備份
???backup?format '/data/backup/cebpm/ctlbackup/INITBAK_%d_%T_%s_%p' taginitpara_bak spfile;?#參數(shù)文件備份
???release channel d1;
????}
1.2.3?執(zhí)行備份
執(zhí)行上面的構(gòu)建好的rman備份腳本：
cebpm:/home/oracle@db1>rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 -Production on Mon Jun 12 14:37:07 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or itsaffiliates.??All rights reserved.
connected to target database: CEBPM(DBID=3677012495)
RMAN> run{
??allocate channel d1 type disk;
??backup filesperset 10 full format'/data/backup/cebpm/fullback/FULLBAK_%d_%T_%s_%p' tag db_full_bak database;
??sql 'alter system archive log current';
??backup filesperset 50 archivelog all delete all input tag arch_bakformat '/data/backup/cebpm/archivelog/ARCHBAK_%d_%T_%s_%p';
??backup??format'/data/backup/cebpm/ctlbackup/CTLBAK_%d_%T_%s_%p' tag ctl_bak currentcontrolfile;
??backup??format'/data/backup/cebpm/ctlbackup/INITBAK_%d_%T_%s_%p' tag initpara_bak spfile;
??release channel d1;
????}
2> 3> 4> 5> 6> 7> 8>9>
using target database control file insteadof recovery catalog
allocated channel: d1
channel d1: SID=38 device type=DISK
Starting backup at 2017/06/12 14:37:16
channel d1: starting full datafile backupset
channel d1: specifying datafile(s) inbackup set
input datafile file number=00001name=/data/CEBPM/datafile/o1_mf_system_dm1flxkw_.dbf
input datafile file number=00002name=/data/CEBPM/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_dm1fnw5v_.dbf
input datafile file number=00003name=/data/CEBPM/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_dm1foow9_.dbf
input datafile file number=00004name=/data/CEBPM/datafile/o1_mf_users_dm1fqcrp_.dbf
channel d1: starting piece 1 at 2017/06/1214:37:17
channel d1: finished piece 1 at 2017/06/1214:39:15
piece handle=/data/backup/cebpm/fullback/FULLBAK_CEBPM_20170612_34_1tag=DB_FULL_BAK comment=NONE
channel d1: backup set complete, elapsedtime: 00:01:58
channel d1: starting full datafile backupset
channel d1: specifying datafile(s) inbackup set
including current control file in backupset
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel d1: starting piece 1 at 2017/06/1214:39:17
channel d1: finished piece 1 at 2017/06/1214:39:18
piecehandle=/data/backup/cebpm/fullback/FULLBAK_CEBPM_20170612_35_1 tag=DB_FULL_BAKcomment=NONE
channel d1: backup set complete, elapsedtime: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 2017/06/12 14:39:18
sql statement: alter system archive logcurrent
Starting backup at 2017/06/12 14:39:25
current log archived
channel d1: starting archived log backupset
channel d1: specifying archived log(s) inbackup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=24RECID=153 STAMP=946477368
input archived log thread=1 sequence=25RECID=154 STAMP=946477652
input archived log thread=1 sequence=26RECID=155 STAMP=946477652
input archived log thread=1 sequence=27RECID=156 STAMP=946478014
input archived log thread=1 sequence=28RECID=157 STAMP=946478365
input archived log thread=1 sequence=29RECID=158 STAMP=946478365
channel d1: starting piece 1 at 2017/06/1214:39:27
channel d1: finished piece 1 at 2017/06/1214:39:28
piecehandle=/data/backup/cebpm/archivelog/ARCHBAK_CEBPM_20170612_36_1 tag=ARCH_BAKcomment=NONE
channel d1: backup set complete, elapsedtime: 00:00:01
channel d1: deleting archived log(s)
archived log filename=/data/CEBPM/archivelog/1_24_945953743.arc RECID=153 STAMP=946477368
archived log filename=/data/CEBPM/archivelog/1_25_945953743.arc RECID=154 STAMP=946477652
archived log filename=/data/CEBPM/archivelog/1_26_945953743.arc RECID=155 STAMP=946477652
archived log filename=/data/CEBPM/archivelog/1_27_945953743.arc RECID=156 STAMP=946478014
archived log filename=/data/CEBPM/archivelog/1_28_945953743.arc RECID=157 STAMP=946478365
archived log filename=/data/CEBPM/archivelog/1_29_945953743.arc RECID=158 STAMP=946478365
Finished backup at 2017/06/12 14:39:29
Starting backup at 2017/06/12 14:39:31
channel d1: starting full datafile backupset
channel d1: specifying datafile(s) inbackup set
including current control file in backupset
channel d1: starting piece 1 at 2017/06/1214:39:33
channel d1: finished piece 1 at 2017/06/1214:39:34
piecehandle=/data/backup/cebpm/ctlbackup/CTLBAK_CEBPM_20170612_37_1 tag=CTL_BAKcomment=NONE
channel d1: backup set complete, elapsedtime: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 2017/06/12 14:39:34
Starting backup at 2017/06/12 14:39:38
channel d1: starting full datafile backupset
channel d1: specifying datafile(s) inbackup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel d1: starting piece 1 at 2017/06/1214:39:39
channel d1: finished piece 1 at 2017/06/1214:39:40
piecehandle=/data/backup/cebpm/ctlbackup/INITBAK_CEBPM_20170612_38_1tag=INITPARA_BAK comment=NONE
channel d1: backup set complete, elapsedtime: 00:00:02
Finished backup at 2017/06/12 14:39:41
released channel: d1
RMAN>
1.2.4?生成測(cè)試時(shí)間點(diǎn)
這里我們?yōu)榱蓑?yàn)證恢復(fù)之后數(shù)據(jù)的可靠性，我們?cè)跀?shù)據(jù)庫備份完成之后，再進(jìn)行一些操作，并記錄下這些操作的時(shí)間，以便后續(xù)作為參考。
SQL> set time on;
15:32:02 SQL> create table mytest1(idnumber);
Table created.
15:32:29 SQL> insert into mytest1values(1);
1 row created.
15:32:46 SQL> insert into mytest1values(2);
1 row created.
15:33:04 SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
15:33:14 SQL> selectto_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') time from dual;
TIME
-------------------
2017-06-12 15:33:21???#將要恢復(fù)的時(shí)間點(diǎn)
15:33:21 SQL> insert into mytest1values(3);
1 row created.
15:33:40 SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
15:33:44 SQL> alter system archive logcurrent;
System altered.
15:33:55 SQL>
2.1RMAN恢復(fù)
2.1.1?基于時(shí)間點(diǎn)的原機(jī)恢復(fù)
1、??這里為了測(cè)試，所以在恢復(fù)之前首先把數(shù)據(jù)庫關(guān)閉
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL>
2、??由于是原機(jī)恢復(fù)，這里直接將數(shù)據(jù)庫啟動(dòng)到mount狀態(tài)(忽略恢復(fù)spfile和controlfile步驟)
SQL>?startup mount
ORACLE instancestarted.
Total SystemGlobal Area??688959488 bytes
Fixed Size??????????????????????2256432 bytes
Variable Size?????????????566231504 bytes
Database Buffers?????117440512 bytes
Redo Buffers??????????????3031040 bytes
Database mounted.
3、??恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)文件
cebpm:/home/oracle@db1>rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on MonJun 12 15:37:30 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or itsaffiliates.??All rights reserved.
connected to target database: CEBPM (DBID=3677012495, notopen)
RMAN>restore database;
Starting restore at 2017-06-12 15:37:37
using target database control file instead of recoverycatalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restorefrom backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to/data/CEBPM/datafile/o1_mf_system_dm1flxkw_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to/data/CEBPM/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_dm1fnw5v_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to/data/CEBPM/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_dm1foow9_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to/data/CEBPM/datafile/o1_mf_users_dm1fqcrp_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece/data/backup/cebpm/fullback/FULLBAK_CEBPM_20170612_34_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piecehandle=/data/backup/cebpm/fullback/FULLBAK_CEBPM_20170612_34_1 tag=DB_FULL_BAK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time:00:01:15
Finishedrestore at 2017-06-12 15:38:57
RMAN>
4、??應(yīng)用歸檔日志：
RMAN> run{
?????sql 'altersession set NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"';
?????recover database until time '2017-06-1215:33:21';
?}
2> 3> 4>
sql statement: alter session setNLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"
Starting recover at 2017-06-12 15:40:34
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 28 is already ondisk as file /data/CEBPM/archivelog/1_28_945953743.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 29 is already ondisk as file /data/CEBPM/archivelog/1_29_945953743.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 30 is already ondisk as file /data/CEBPM/archivelog/1_30_945953743.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 1 is already ondisk as file /data/CEBPM/archivelog/1_1_946480114.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 2 is already ondisk as file /data/CEBPM/archivelog/1_2_946480114.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 1 is already ondisk as file /data/CEBPM/archivelog/1_1_946481342.arc
archived log filename=/data/CEBPM/archivelog/1_28_945953743.arc thread=1 sequence=28
archived log file name=/data/CEBPM/archivelog/1_29_945953743.arcthread=1 sequence=29
archived log filename=/data/CEBPM/archivelog/1_30_945953743.arc thread=1 sequence=30
archived log filename=/data/CEBPM/archivelog/1_1_946480114.arc thread=1 sequence=1
archived log file name=/data/CEBPM/archivelog/1_2_946480114.arcthread=1 sequence=2
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
Finishedrecover at 2017-06-12 15:40:38
RMAN>
5、??開啟數(shù)據(jù)庫
RMAN>alter database open resetlogs；
databaseopened
RMAN>
6、??驗(yàn)證恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)，以上面的時(shí)間軸為參考點(diǎn)
SQL> select * frommytest1;
??????????ID
----------
???????????1
???????????2
SQL> select count(*)from mytest1;
??COUNT(*)
----------
???????????2
SQL>
如上可知基于時(shí)間點(diǎn)的恢復(fù)正常。
2..2?基于時(shí)間點(diǎn)的異機(jī)恢復(fù)
1、??首先將原機(jī)的備份文件傳到異機(jī)上
這里利用scp?命令進(jìn)行傳送，具體過程不再贅述，傳送到異機(jī)/u01/backup?下。如下所示:
cebpm:/u01/backup@db1>ll
總用量?967524
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle dba?14145024 6月??12 16:34ARCHBAK_CEBPM_20170612_36_1
drwxr-xr-x. 2 oracle dba??????4096 6月??12 16:48?archivelog
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle dba??9961472 6月??12 16:35CTLBAK_CEBPM_20170612_37_1
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle dba 956538880 6月??12 14:38 FULLBAK_CEBPM_20170612_34_1
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle dba??9994240 6月??12 14:39FULLBAK_CEBPM_20170612_35_1
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle dba????98304 6月??12 16:35INITBAK_CEBPM_20170612_38_1
注意這里一定要把歸檔也傳送過來。
2、??恢復(fù)參數(shù)文件
cebpm:/u01/backup@db2>rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0- Production on Tue Jun 13 08:34:58 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracleand/or its affiliates.??All rightsreserved.
connected to target database (notstarted)
RMAN>?setdbid 3677012495
executing command: SET DBID
RMAN>?startupnomount
startup failed: ORA-01078: failurein processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameterfile '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initcebpm.ora'
starting Oracle instance withoutparameter file for retrieval of spfile
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area????1068937216 bytes
Fixed Size?????????????????????2260088 bytes
Variable Size????????????????281019272 bytes
Database Buffers?????????????780140544 bytes
Redo Buffers???????????????????5517312 bytes
RMAN>restore spfile to '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initcebpm.ora' from'/u01/backup/INITBAK_CEBPM_20170612_38_1';
Starting restore at 2017/06/1308:39:04
using target database control fileinstead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=19 devicetype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring spfilefrom AUTOBACKUP /u01/backup/INITBAK_CEBPM_20170612_38_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restorefrom AUTOBACKUP complete
Finished restore at 2017/06/13 08:39:08
RMAN>
注意：
1.在rman下即使沒有參數(shù)文件，默認(rèn)也會(huì)啟動(dòng)一個(gè)DUMMY實(shí)例，以便能夠恢復(fù)參數(shù)???????文件。
備注：set dbid的唯一目的是使RMAN找到恢復(fù)參數(shù)文件和控制文件唯一確定的的備份?????????文件。
3、??對(duì)剛才恢復(fù)出來的參數(shù)文件稍作修改
ebpm.__java_pool_size=4194304
cebpm.__large_pool_size=8388608
cebpm.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASEset from environment
cebpm.__pga_aggregate_target=167772160
cebpm.__sga_target=524288000
cebpm.__shared_io_pool_size=0
cebpm.__shared_pool_size=155189248
cebpm.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/cebpm/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='/data/cdbpm/controlfile/control01.ctl'
*.db_create_file_dest='/data'
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='cebpm'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/data/cebpm'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=5368709120
*.db_unique_name='cebpm'
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP)(SERVICE=cebpmXDB)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/data/cdbpm/archivelog'
*.log_archive_dest_2=''
*.log_archive_dest_state_1='enable'
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.arc'
*.memory_target=691011584
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=200
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sessions=1000
*.standby_file_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
修改主要有2個(gè)地方：
1）?參數(shù)文件里有些亂碼需要?jiǎng)h除
2）?修改參數(shù)文件的相關(guān)目錄文件
4、??根據(jù)剛才創(chuàng)建的參數(shù)文件，創(chuàng)建相應(yīng)的目錄
cebpm:/data@db2>mkdir /data/cebpm
cebpm:/data@db2>mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/cebpm/adump
cebpm:/data@db2>mkdir -p /data/cebpm/controlfile/
cebpm:/data@db2>mkdir -p /data/cebpm/archivelog
5、??用修改過的參數(shù)文件啟動(dòng)到nomount狀態(tài)
SQL>?shutdownabort;
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL>?startupnomount pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initcebpm.ora';
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area??688959488 bytes
Fixed Size??????????????????????2256432bytes
Variable Size??????????????566231504 bytes
Database Buffers?????117440512 bytes
Redo Buffers???????????????3031040 bytes
SQL>?createspfile from pfile;
File created.
6、??恢復(fù)控制文件
RMAN>?restore controlfile to'/data/cebpm/controlfile/control01.ctl' from'/u01/backup/CTLBAK_CEBPM_20170612_37_1';
Startingrestore at 2017/06/13 08:53:05
usingtarget database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocatedchannel: ORA_DISK_1
channelORA_DISK_1: SID=18 device type=DISK
channelORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channelORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finishedrestore at 2017/06/13 08:53:07
RMAN>
7、??啟動(dòng)到mount狀態(tài)
RMAN>?alterdatabase mount;
using target database control fileinstead of recovery catalog
database mounted
8、??查看schema
RMAN>report schema;
RMAN-06139: WARNING: control file isnot current for REPORT SCHEMA
Report of database schema fordatabase with db_unique_name CEBPM
List of Permanent Datafiles
===========================
File Size(MB) Tablespace???????????RB segs Datafile Name
---- -------- --------------------------- ------------------------
1???0????????SYSTEM???????????????***?????/data/CEBPM/datafile/o1_mf_system_dm1flxkw_.dbf
2???0????????SYSAUX???????????????***?????/data/CEBPM/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_dm1fnw5v_.dbf
3???0????????UNDOTBS1?????????????***?????/data/CEBPM/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_dm1foow9_.dbf
4???0????????USERS????????????????***?????/data/CEBPM/datafile/o1_mf_users_dm1fqcrp_.dbf
List of Temporary Files
=======================
File Size(MB) Tablespace???????????Maxsize(MB) Tempfile Name
---- -------- ------------------------------- --------------------
1???20???????TEMP?????????????????32767???????/data/CEBPM/datafile/o1_mf_temp_dm1fp4bs_.tmp
注意：上面的顯示的數(shù)據(jù)文件是原數(shù)據(jù)庫上的數(shù)據(jù)文件以及數(shù)據(jù)文件的路徑。如果異機(jī)上沒有相應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)文件路徑的話，有2種解決辦法：1）創(chuàng)建和原機(jī)完全一樣的數(shù)據(jù)文件路徑2）重指向新的數(shù)據(jù)文件路徑。下面介紹的就是第二種方法。
9、??在新控制文件中注冊(cè)數(shù)據(jù)文件備份和歸檔備份
RMAN>?catalogstart with '/u01/backup';
Starting implicit crosscheck backupat 2017/06/13 08:57:31
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=19 devicetype=DISK
Crosschecked 6 objects
Finished implicit crosscheck backupat 2017/06/13 08:57:33
Starting implicit crosscheck copy at2017/06/13 08:57:33
using channel ORA_DISK_1
Crosschecked 2 objects
Finished implicit crosscheck copy at2017/06/13 08:57:34
searching for all files in therecovery area
cataloging files...
no files cataloged
searching for all files that matchthe pattern /u01/backup
List of Files Unknown to theDatabase
=====================================
File Name:/u01/backup/ARCHBAK_CEBPM_20170612_36_1
File Name:/u01/backup/CTLBAK_CEBPM_20170612_37_1
File Name:/u01/backup/archivelog/1_2_946480114.arc
File Name:/u01/backup/archivelog/1_28_945953743.arc
File Name: /u01/backup/archivelog/1_31_945953743.arc
File Name:/u01/backup/archivelog/1_1_946481342.arc
File Name:/u01/backup/archivelog/1_1_946480114.arc
File Name:/u01/backup/archivelog/1_29_945953743.arc
File Name:/u01/backup/archivelog/1_2_946481342.arc
File Name:/u01/backup/archivelog/1_32_945953743.arc
File Name:/u01/backup/archivelog/1_3_946480114.arc
File Name:/u01/backup/archivelog/1_30_945953743.arc
File Name:/u01/backup/FULLBAK_CEBPM_20170612_35_1
File Name:/u01/backup/INITBAK_CEBPM_20170612_38_1
File Name:/u01/backup/FULLBAK_CEBPM_20170612_34_1
Do you really want to catalog theabove files (enter YES or NO)??y
cataloging files...
cataloging done
List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name:/u01/backup/ARCHBAK_CEBPM_20170612_36_1
File Name:/u01/backup/CTLBAK_CEBPM_20170612_37_1
File Name:/u01/backup/archivelog/1_2_946480114.arc
File Name:/u01/backup/archivelog/1_28_945953743.arc
File Name:/u01/backup/archivelog/1_31_945953743.arc
File Name:/u01/backup/archivelog/1_1_946481342.arc
File Name:/u01/backup/archivelog/1_1_946480114.arc
File Name:/u01/backup/archivelog/1_29_945953743.arc
File Name:/u01/backup/archivelog/1_2_946481342.arc
File Name:/u01/backup/archivelog/1_32_945953743.arc
File Name: /u01/backup/archivelog/1_3_946480114.arc
File Name:/u01/backup/archivelog/1_30_945953743.arc
File Name:/u01/backup/FULLBAK_CEBPM_20170612_35_1
File Name:/u01/backup/INITBAK_CEBPM_20170612_38_1
File Name: /u01/backup/FULLBAK_CEBPM_20170612_34_1
10、???????????恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)文件
具體執(zhí)行腳本如下：
run{
set newnamefor datafile 1 to '/data/cebpm/datafile/system01.db';
setnewname for datafile 2 to '/data/cebpm/datafile/sysaux01.dbf';
setnewname for datafile 3 to '/data/cebpm/datafile/undotbs01.dbf';
setnewname for datafile 4 to?'/data/cebpm/datafile/users01.dbf';
restoredatabase;
switchdatafile all;
}
這里面set newname?是將原庫的數(shù)據(jù)文件的路徑重新指向到異機(jī)上新的路徑，
注意：異機(jī)上要首先創(chuàng)建/data/cebpm/datafile?這個(gè)路徑，如下
cebpm:/data/cebpm@db2>mkdir -p/data/cebpm/datafile/
具體執(zhí)行結(jié)果如下：
RMAN> run{
set newname for datafile 1 to '/data/cebpm/datafile/system01.db';
set newname for datafile 2 to '/data/cebpm/datafile/sysaux01.dbf';
set newname for datafile 3 to '/data/cebpm/datafile/undotbs01.dbf';
set newname for datafile 4 to?'/data/cebpm/datafi2> le/users01.dbf';
restore database;
switch datafile all;
}3> 4> 5> 6> 7> 8>
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
Starting restore at 2017/06/13 09:13:03
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to/data/cebpm/datafile/system01.db
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to/data/cebpm/datafile/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to/data/cebpm/datafile/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to/data/cebpm/datafile/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece/u01/backup/FULLBAK_CEBPM_20170612_34_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piecehandle=/u01/backup/FULLBAK_CEBPM_20170612_34_1 tag=DB_FULL_BAK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:01:15
Finished restore at 2017/06/13 09:14:20
datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=10 STAMP=946545261 filename=/data/cebpm/datafile/system01.db
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=11 STAMP=946545261 filename=/data/cebpm/datafile/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=12 STAMP=946545261 filename=/data/cebpm/datafile/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=13 STAMP=946545261 filename=/data/cebpm/datafile/users01.dbf
RMAN>
11、???????????應(yīng)用歸檔日志
RMAN> run{
????sql 'altersession set NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"';
?????recover database until time '2017-06-1215:33:21';
?}2> 3> 4>
sql statement: alter session setNLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"
Starting recover at 2017/06/1309:17:24
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
archived log for thread 1 withsequence 28 is already on disk as file/u01/backup/archivelog/1_28_945953743.arc
archived log for thread 1 withsequence 29 is already on disk as file /u01/backup/archivelog/1_29_945953743.arc
archived log for thread 1 withsequence 30 is already on disk as file/u01/backup/archivelog/1_30_945953743.arc
archived log for thread 1 withsequence 1 is already on disk as file /u01/backup/archivelog/1_1_946480114.arc
archived log for thread 1 withsequence 2 is already on disk as file /u01/backup/archivelog/1_2_946480114.arc
archived log for thread 1 withsequence 1 is already on disk as file /u01/backup/archivelog/1_1_946481342.arc
archived log filename=/u01/backup/archivelog/1_28_945953743.arc thread=1 sequence=28
archived log filename=/u01/backup/archivelog/1_29_945953743.arc thread=1 sequence=29
archived log filename=/u01/backup/archivelog/1_30_945953743.arc thread=1 sequence=30
archived log filename=/u01/backup/archivelog/1_1_946480114.arc thread=1 sequence=1
archived log filename=/u01/backup/archivelog/1_2_946480114.arc thread=1 sequence=2
archived log filename=/u01/backup/archivelog/1_1_946481342.arc thread=1 sequence=1
media recovery complete, elapsedtime: 00:00:03
Finished recover at 2017/06/1309:17:30
RMAN>
12、???????????重定向在線歸檔日志文件
首先查看歸檔日志文件
SQL> select member fromv$logfile;
MEMBER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/data/CEBPM/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_dm1fljft_.log
/data/CEBPM/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_dm1fll24_.log
/data/CEBPM/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_dm1flmld_.log
SQL>
上面的顯示的原機(jī)上的歸檔日志文件路徑，現(xiàn)在重定向到異機(jī)上新的位置，具體操作如下：
SQL> alter database rename file'/data/CEBPM/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_dm1fljft_.log' to '/data/cebpm/onlinelog/redo01.log';
Database altered.
SQL> alter database rename file'/data/CEBPM/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_dm1fll24_.log' to'/data/cebpm/onlinelog/redo02.log' ;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database rename file'/data/CEBPM/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_dm1flmld_.log' to'/data/cebpm/onlinelog/redo03.log';
Database altered.
再次查看：
SQL> select member fromv$logfile;
MEMBER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/data/cebpm/onlinelog/redo01.log
/data/cebpm/onlinelog/redo02.log
/data/cebpm/onlinelog/redo03.log
SQL>
13、???????????重定向臨時(shí)文件，方法同上
SQL>select name from v$tempfile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/data/CEBPM/datafile/o1_mf_temp_dm1fp4bs_.tmp
SQL>
重定向到新的路徑，操作如下：
SQL> alter database rename file '/data/CEBPM/datafile/o1_mf_temp_dm1fp4bs_.tmp'to '/data/cebpm/datafile/temp01.dbf';
Databasealtered.
SQL>
再次查看：
SQL>select name from v$tempfile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/data/cebpm/datafile/temp01.dbf
SQL>
14、???????????打開數(shù)據(jù)庫
RMAN>?alter database open resetlogs;
database opened
15、???????????驗(yàn)證數(shù)據(jù)
SQL>select * from mytest1;
?????????ID
----------
??????????1
??????????2
SQL>select count(*) from mytest1;
??COUNT(*)
----------
??????????2
如上所知，基于時(shí)間點(diǎn)的異機(jī)恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)沒有丟失。
2 RMAN常用命令
備份命令：
RMAN> backup database format '.../%d_%U';?? --備份數(shù)據(jù)庫并指定備份路徑
RMAN> backup database;?? --備份數(shù)據(jù)庫
RMAN> backup database include current controlfile plus archivelog delete allinput;? --備份數(shù)據(jù)文件、控制文件、歸檔日志
RMAN> backup incremental level 0 database;?? --差異增量備份數(shù)據(jù)庫
RMAN> backup incremental level 0 cumulative database;?? --累積增量備份數(shù)據(jù)庫
RMAN> backup as compressed backupset database;?? --壓縮備份數(shù)據(jù)庫
RMAN> backup database include current controlfile;?? --備份數(shù)據(jù)庫并備份控制文件
RMAN> backup tablespace users;?? --備份表空間
RMAN> backup datafile n;?? --備份數(shù)據(jù)文件
RMAN> backup datafiel '/opt/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf';?? --備份數(shù)據(jù)文件
RMAN> backup current controlfile;?? --備份控制文件
RMAN> backup current controlfile plus archivelog;?? --備份控制文件并歸檔然后備份歸檔日志
RMAN> backup archivelog all;?? --備份歸檔日志
RMAN> backup archivelog all delete all input;?? --備份歸檔日志并刪除
RMAN> backup spfile;?? --備份參數(shù)文件
RMAN> backup backupset all;?? --備份全部備份集
RMAN> backup backupset n;?? --備份指定備份集
還原、恢復(fù)命令：
RMAN> restore database;?? --還原數(shù)據(jù)庫
RMAN> restore tablespace users;?? --還原表空間
RMAN> restore datafile n;?? --還原數(shù)據(jù)文件
RMAN> restore archivelog sequence between 10 and 20;?? --還原歸檔日志
RMAN> restore controlfile from autobackup;?? --還原控制文件
RMAN> restore spfile to '/tmp/spfile.ora' from autobackup;?? --還原參數(shù)文件
RMAN> recover database;?? --恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)庫
RMAN> recover tablespace users;?? --恢復(fù)表空間
RMAN> recover datafile n;?? --恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)文件
RMAN> restore validate database;????? --驗(yàn)證數(shù)據(jù)庫可恢復(fù)性
RMAN> restore validate controlfile;?? --驗(yàn)證控制文件可恢復(fù)性
RMAN> restore validate spfile;??????? --驗(yàn)證參數(shù)文件可恢復(fù)性
查看備份集命令：
RMAN> list backup;?? --列出數(shù)據(jù)庫中所有的備份集
RMAN> list backup of database;?? --查看數(shù)據(jù)庫備份集
RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;?? --查看表空間備份集
RMAN> list backup of datafile n;?? --查看備份的數(shù)據(jù)文件
RMAN> list backup of controlfile;?? --查看控制文件備份集
RMAN> list backup of archivelog all;?? --查看歸檔日志備份集
RMAN> list archivelog all;?? --查看當(dāng)前所有歸檔日志
RMAN>?list expired backup;?? --列出所有無效備份
管理備份集命令：
RMAN> crosscheck backup;?? --檢查所有備份集
RMAN> crosscheck archivelog all;?? --檢查所有歸檔文件
RMAN> delete [noprompt] obsolete;?? --刪除過期備份
RMAN> delete expired backup;?? --刪除無效備份
RMAN> delete expired archivelog all;? --刪除所有無效歸檔文件
RMAN> delete backupset 1;?? --刪除指定備份
RMAN> delete backup;?? --刪除所有備份
RMAN> change backupset 3 unavailable;?? --更改備份集3為無效
RMAN> change backupset 3 available;???? --更改備份集3為有效
RMAN> change backup of controlfile unavailable;?? --更改控制文件為無效
RMAN> change backup of controlfile available;???? --更改控制文件為有效
RMAN> report schema;?? --查看數(shù)據(jù)庫備份結(jié)構(gòu)
RMAN> report need backup;?? --查看所以需要備份的文件
RMAN> report need backup tablespace system;?? --查看指定表空間是否需要備份
RMAN> report obsolete;?? --查看過期備份
僅供參考
