L5-U3-P3-1 Listening : Living Conditions 1 生活條件 1
Living conditions around the world vary from country to country.
世界各地的居住條件因國家而異。
Some countries have very large economies, but the majority of their citizens are poor.
有些國家經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模很大，但其大多數(shù)公民卻很貧困。
Other countries have smaller economies, but the majority of their citizens are NOT poor.
另一些國家經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模較小，但大多數(shù)公民并不貧困。
So the size of a country's economy isn't the only factor that determines how wealthy its citizens are.
因此，一個國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模并不是決定其公民富裕程度的唯一因素。
The size of its population is also an important factor.
其人口規(guī)模也是一個重要因素。
Another factor is how a country's wealth is distributed between the rich and the poor.
另一個因素是一個國家的財富如何在富人和窮人之間分配。
Besides the size of an economy, What's another factor that determines living conditions?----The distribution of wealth .
A country's living?conditions?depend not only on the?size?of its economy. The size of its?population?is also an important?factor. Another factor is?how?a country's?wealth?is?distributed?between the rich and the poor.
Let's look at some examples.
讓我們來看一些例子。
This chart shows the world's 5 largest economies in 2015.?
這張圖表顯示了2015年世界前五大經(jīng)濟(jì)體。
It ranks the countries by their Gross Domestic Product, or GDP.?
它按照各國國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值（GDP）進(jìn)行排名。
The GDP is one way of measuring the size of an economy.?
GDP是衡量經(jīng)濟(jì)體規(guī)模的一種方法。
It is the total value of the goods and services produced in a country in a year.?
它是一國在一年內(nèi)生產(chǎn)的商品和服務(wù)的總價值。
As you can see, according to this chart, the US and China had the largest economies.?
如你所見，根據(jù)這張圖表，美國和中國的經(jīng)濟(jì)體量最大。
What does this chart use to compare the sizes of their economies?- Gross Domestic Product .
Some countries have very large economies, but the majority of their citizens are poor.
Living conditions around the world vary from country to country.
According to the chart, India had the seventh largest economy in the world.
根據(jù)圖表顯示，印度曾是世界第七大經(jīng)濟(jì)體。
Its economy was bigger than Italy's.?
其經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模超過了意大利。
However, the average living conditions in Italy are much higher than in India.?
然而，意大利的平均生活水平遠(yuǎn)高于印度。
One reason for this is the difference in population.?
原因之一是人口差異。
India has a much larger population, so its wealth is distributed among a much larger number of people.?
印度人口要多得多，因此其財富需要分配給更龐大的人群。
You can find this information by checking a country's GDP per capita.?
你可以通過查看一國的人均GDP來獲取這一信息。
Per capita means per person.?
Per capita意指“每人”。
If two countries have the same GDP, but one country has half the number of people, its GDP per capita is twice as large.?
如果兩個國家GDP相同，但一國人口只有另一國的一半，那么其人均GDP就是另一國的兩倍。
What is one reason why the living conditions in It are much higher than in Italy ??----Its population is much smaller.
Another important factor is how the wealth of a country is shared.
另一個重要因素是國家財富的分配方式。
In some countries much of the wealth is concentrated in just a few people.?
在一些國家，大部分財富集中在少數(shù)人手中。
For example, in the US, just 5% of the population holds more than 70% of the wealth.?
例如在美國，僅5%的人口擁有超過70%的財富。
This shows that many US citizens are not wealthy despite the size of their economy.?
這表明，盡管美國經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模龐大，但許多公民并不富裕。
In fact, the wealth share held by the wealthiest 10% more than 10 times bigger than the rest of the population.?
事實上，最富有的10%人口持有的財富份額是其余人口的十倍以上。
This shows that many US citizens are not wealthy despite the size of their economy.
(1) Another important factor is how the wealth of a country is shared.
(2) In some countries much of the wealth is concentrated in just a few people.
(3) For example, in the US, just 5% of the population holds more than 70% of the wealth.
(4) This shows that many US citizens are not wealthy despite the size of their economy.
In some countries much of the wealth is concentrated in just a few people.
Another important factor is how the wealth of a country is shared.
Per capita means per person.
L5-U3-P3-2 Listening : Living Conditions 2 生活條件 2
As we have seen, much of the wealth of the US is concentrated in just a few people.
正如我們所見，美國的大部分財富集中在少數(shù)人手中。
10% of its population had an estimated 75% of the wealth in 2015.?
2015年，美國約10%的人口估計擁有75%的財富。
In this chart we see some comparisons with other countries.?
從這張圖表中，我們可以看到與其他國家的一些比較。
In contrast to the US, 10% of Japan's population had less than half of the total wealth.?
與美國相比，日本10%的人口擁有的財富不到總財富的一半。
In China, in 2014, the estimated share of the top 10% was 64%, but this number is rising.?
在中國，2014年前10%人口的財富份額估計為64%，但這個數(shù)字正在上升。
Russia had the highest concentration of wealth, at over 80%!?
俄羅斯的財富集中度最高，超過80%！
India, which has one of the largest economies, has the largest share of the world's poorest people.?
印度作為最大經(jīng)濟(jì)體之一，卻擁有世界上最大比例的貧困人口。
The share of wealth of its richest 10% is 370 times that of its poorest 10%.?
其最富有的10%人口的財富份額是最貧窮的10%人口的370倍。
Which of these countries has the largest share of the world's poorest people？----India
A major challenge for a government is to improve the living conditions of its citizens.
政府面臨的一項主要挑戰(zhàn)是改善其公民的生活條件。
As we have seen, growing an economy isn't enough.?
正如我們所見，僅靠經(jīng)濟(jì)增長是不夠的。
Population growth and distribution of wealth are also important factors.?
人口增長和財富分配也是重要因素。
Improving education and developing job skills can help people move up in an economy.?
改善教育和培養(yǎng)工作技能有助于人們在經(jīng)濟(jì)中向上流動。
With better education and training, the poor can increase their ability to get better jobs and raise their income.?
通過更好的教育和培訓(xùn)，貧困人口能夠提高自己獲得更好工作并增加收入的能力。
A major?challenge?for a government is to improve the living conditions of its citizens.
What does better education allow? - It increases a person's ability to get a better job.
However, taxes are needed to pay for social services, including health and education.
然而，稅收是支付社會服務(wù)（包括醫(yī)療和教育）所必需的。
Some countries tax the rich at a higher rate than the poor.?
一些國家對富人的征稅稅率高于窮人。
However, if taxes are too high, it can discourage investment and risk taking.?
然而，如果稅率過高，可能會抑制投資和冒險行為。
This is because investors won't take risks unless the rewards are high.?
這是因為投資者除非回報豐厚，否則不會冒險。
So, as you can see, these are complex issues.?
所以，正如你所見，這些都是復(fù)雜的問題。
This is because investors won't take risks unless the rewards are high.
As we have seen, growing an economy isn't enough.
Russia had the highest concentration of wealth, at over 80%!
However, if taxes are too high, it can discourage investment and risk taking.
L5-U3-P3-3 Vocabulary : Describing Actions描述動作
Silly: foolish or stupid or ridiculous, the opposite of serious.
愚蠢的：指荒唐、笨拙或可笑的，與“嚴(yán)肅”相反。
He is being silly, so we should just ignore him.?
他正在犯傻，所以我們不用理他。
That's a silly idea, so I don't think she means what she's saying.?
這是個愚蠢的想法，因此我認(rèn)為她并非真心那么說。
This is no time for silly behavior, so I'm asking everyone to work harder and take things seriously.
He expects people?to laugh?when he's being?silly, but I don't think it's?funny.
That kind of?silly?behavior isn’t?acceptable?in our?office.
Amazing: to be incredible or so good as to be hard to believe; the opposite of ordinary.
驚人的：指不可思議或好到令人難以置信；與“普通”相反。
That company's new products are truly amazing.?
那家公司的新產(chǎn)品真是令人驚嘆。
She gave an amazing performance, especially after all the difficulties she had to overcome.?
她的表演令人驚艷，尤其是在她克服了所有困難之后。
He was in a?terrible?accident, so it's?amazing?that he is still?alive.
It's amazing what people can accomplish if they are determined.
It will be an?amazing?accomplishment if they can?finish?the project on?schedule.
Crucial: to be of extreme importance or an essential part; the opposite of optional.
至關(guān)重要的：指極為重要或必不可少的部分；與“可選的”相反。
It's crucial that we get them to sign the contract by the end of the week.?
我們必須在本周末前讓他們簽署合同，這至關(guān)重要。
Getting that data is crucial for our success.?
獲取那份數(shù)據(jù)對我們的成功至關(guān)重要。
We?need?her help because she has?unique?skills that are?crucial?for the success of our project.
We can’t do this without their help, so it’s crucial that you get them to cooperate.
It's?crucial?that airplane pilots get?enough?sleep before they?fly.
Impressive: to stand out and be unforgettable in a good way.
令人印象深刻的：指以積極的方式脫穎而出且令人難忘。
His presentation was so impressive that we decided to hire him right away.?
他的演講如此出色，我們當(dāng)場決定錄用他。
They have an impressive website, but the quality of their products is pathetic.?
他們擁有令人印象深刻的網(wǎng)站，但產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量卻糟糕透頂。
She?impressed?everyone with her powerful?speech,? but we were soon?disappointed?by her?inability?to meet her goals.
Their design was impressive, but the costs were much higher than we could afford, so we had to reject it.
He made an?impressive?entrance, but when he left the meeting he looked tired and?defeated.
It’s ok for you to have high expectations, but they need to be realistic or you’ll fail.
Realistic: to be possible and attainable.
現(xiàn)實的：指可能實現(xiàn)且可達(dá)到的。
That deadline isn't realistic, so we need to ask for more time.?
那個截止日期不切實際，我們需要申請延長時間。
He isn't being realistic when he expects to charge such high prices for his products.?
他期望產(chǎn)品定如此高價是不現(xiàn)實的。
It's ok for you to have high?expectations, but they need to be?realistic you'll?fail.
Which of these words is an synonym for silly?----foolish.
To be incredible or so good as to be hard to believe.----amazing.
What's the opposite of optional?----crucial.
To stand out and be unforgettable in a good way. ——impressive.
That's a silly idea,so I don't think she means what she's saying .
Getting that?data?is?crucial?for our?success. ?
They have an impressive website ,but the quality of their products is pathetic .
That kind of silly behavior isn't acceptable in our office.
That deadline isn't realistic, so we need to ask for more time.
That company's new products are truly amazing.
L5-U3-P3-4 Vocabulary : Personal Traits?個人特質(zhì)
Sincere: to be honest and trustworthy.
真誠的：指誠實且值得信賴的。
I think she was being sincere, so I think we can trust her.?
我認(rèn)為她是真誠的，所以我覺得我們可以信任她。
Sometimes it's very difficult to know if someone is being sincere, or is just a good liar.?
有時很難判斷一個人是真心實意，還是只是個高明的騙子。
I doubt if he’s being?sincere, so we should?protect?ourselves in case he?breaks?his promise.
Naive: overly simple and lacking experience.
天真的：指過于單純且缺乏經(jīng)驗。
He wants to change the world, but he's very naive, so he needs someone to help him.?
他想改變世界，但太天真了，所以需要有人幫助他。
I think we can take advantage of him, because he is naive and impatient.?
我覺得我們可以利用他，因為他既天真又急躁。
Internet criminals are very clever and can often?fool naive?people into giving away?confidential?information.
Brilliant: highly intelligent or exceptional in brightness; the opposite of dull.
才華橫溢的：指極度聰慧或光芒四射；與“遲鈍”相反。
There is no doubt that he is a brilliant scientist, but he is a very poor manager.?
他無疑是位杰出的科學(xué)家，卻是個非常糟糕的管理者。
It's amazing how such a brilliant man can be so stupid around women!?
如此卓越的男人竟在女性面前如此愚鈍，真令人驚訝！
The?ideas?in his paper were?brilliant, but the?quality?of his writing was pathetic.
Cruel: mean, manipulative and hurtful; The opposite of kind.
殘忍的：指刻薄、操控性強(qiáng)且具有傷害性；與“仁慈”相反。
He can be cruel when he doesn't like someone, so don't expect him to be nice to you.?
他不喜歡某人時會變得殘忍，別指望他會對你好。
I was shocked by how cruel he was when he fired her.?
他解雇她時的殘忍行徑讓我震驚。
I can never?forgive?him for his?cruelty, so don't ask me?to meet?with him ever again.
Clever: innovative, creative, very smart.
聰明的：指創(chuàng)新、有創(chuàng)意、非常機(jī)智。
He found a clever solution that allowed us to reduce costs.?
他想出了一個巧妙的解決方案，使我們能夠降低成本。
Advertisers are very clever at getting people to buy things they don't really need.?
廣告商非常擅長讓人們購買他們并不真正需要的東西。
They have developed a very?clever way?to increase the?efficiency of their sales team.
He isn't as?clever?as he thinks he is, so we may?be able?to find a?weakness?in his plan.
It appeared to be a?clever?idea at first, but it?failed?because it?ignored?some important details.
Skeptical: needs proof or evidence to overcome doubts; the opposite of convinced.
I'm sure they will be skeptical of our results, so we need to bring convincing evidence.
I'm skeptical that such a simple design can satisfy our requirements.
He's?skeptical?that we can?satisfy?their needs, so he wants us to?provide?more details about our plan.
The opposite of dull----brilliant.
The opposite of kind----cruel.
To need proof or evidence to overcome doubts----skeptical.
Innovative, creative, very smart
I think we can take advantage of him, because he is naive and impatient.
There's no doubt that he is a brilliant scientist , but he is a very poor manager .
I'm sure they will be skeptical of our results ,so we need to bring convincing evidence .
I think she was being sincere, so I think we can trust her.?
There's no doubt that he is a brilliant scientist , but he is a very poor manager .
I was shocked by how cruel he was when he fired her .
L5-U3-P3-5 Dialogue : Winning a Lottery中彩票
A: Guess what? I've just won the lottery, 50 million dollars.
甲：猜猜怎么了？我剛中了彩票，五千萬美元！
B: You are kidding! Are you sure it's for real? And there isn't a mistake??
乙：你在開玩笑吧！確定是真的嗎？沒弄錯？
A: No, I've checked and confirmed it.?
甲：沒錯，我核實確認(rèn)過了。
B: Wow, that's fantastic! Congratulations!?
乙：哇，太棒了！恭喜你！
A: I never expected this, so now I've got to figure out what to do with it.?
甲：我從沒指望過這個，現(xiàn)在得想想怎么處理這筆錢。
B: Yes, you do, and be careful. I'm telling you, everything is about to change.?
乙：是的，你確實需要，而且要小心。我告訴你，一切即將改變。
A: Emm, I'm still in shock, so I haven't had time to think.?
甲：嗯，我還驚魂未定，沒來得及思考。
How does he know that he's really won ?----Checked and confirmed? it .
I never?expected?this, so now I've?got to figure out what?to do?with it.
B: With all your money, what about your friends?
乙：你有這么多錢了，朋友們怎么辦？
A: You mean you, right??
甲：你是說你自己吧？
B: Sure, why not? Why don't you get me a new car??
乙：當(dāng)然，為什么不呢？何不給我買輛新車？
A: And then what? Sure, if I start giving things to my friends, it will never stop. I've got to think.?
甲：然后呢？確實，如果我開始送東西給朋友，這事就沒完沒了了。我得好好想想。
How serious is he when he asks for a new car? - He is just joking.
If he starts giving things to his friends, they'll never stop asking for more.
He needs enough time to figure out what to do with the money.
B: One thing for sure, you'll have no trouble finding a girlfriend now.
乙：有一點可以肯定——你現(xiàn)在找女朋友絕對不成問題了。
A: Yeah, you are probably right. I might as well have some fun and enjoy the rich life for a while. It would be great to have a nice girlfriend. I've never been successful with women.?
甲：是啊，你說得對。我不妨享受一番，過段富足日子。能有個好女朋友就太棒了，我在女性面前從沒成功過。
What is he going to do for a while? -Have fun and enjoy being rich.
I might as well?have?some fun and enjoy the?rich?life for a?while. It would?be?great?to have?a nice girlfriend. I've never?been?successful?with women.
?It would be great to have a nice girlfriend.?
you'll have no trouble finding a girlfriend now.
B: What are you going to do about your job?
乙：你工作方面打算怎么辦？
A: I'll give notice right away and finish the project that I've been working on.?
甲：我立刻提離職，但會先完成手頭的項目。
B: That's nice. I'm sure the company will appreciate it. Then what??
乙：這樣很好。公司一定會感謝你的。之后呢？
A: Then I'll take some time for myself and think about what I want to do.?
甲：然后給自己些時間，好好想想未來規(guī)劃。
B: Any ideas??
乙：有什么想法嗎？
A: Nothing definite, but I've been considering starting my own business. Or maybe invest in something interesting.?
甲：還沒確定，但一直考慮自己創(chuàng)業(yè)?；蛘咄顿Y些有趣的項目。
Why is he going to take some time for himself?----He wants to?think about what he wants to do .
What is he going to do about his job? - He'll give notice and then finish the project that he's been working on.
B: Be careful about investing. One of my best friends became an investor after he sold some stock in the company he was working for. He's really smart, but he got fooled into investing a lot of money into a company that went bankrupt. He ended up losing his entire investment.
乙：投資要謹(jǐn)慎。我有個摯友賣掉原公司的股票后成了投資人。他非常聰明，卻被騙著把大筆資金投進(jìn)一家破產(chǎn)公司，最終血本無歸。
A: What happened then??
甲：后來呢？
B: His wife divorced him and took most of his assets with her. So now he has to work again. So even smart people can be fooled.?
乙：妻子和他離婚并卷走了大部分財產(chǎn)?，F(xiàn)在他只能重新工作。你看，連聰明人也會上當(dāng)。
What happened to his friend's marriage?----It ended in divorce.
My friend is really?smart, but he?got?fooled?into?investing a lot of money into a company that?went?bankrupt. He ended up?losing?his?entire?investment.
What are you? going to do about your job?
His friend's marriage ended in divorce.
A: Well, I'm in no hurry, so I'll be careful. I think the first thing I'll do is buy a nice house and help my parents. They've worked hard all their lives, but they are still barely able to survive on what they have.
甲：嗯，我不著急，會謹(jǐn)慎行事的。我想第一件事是買套好房子，再幫幫父母。他們辛苦了一輩子，現(xiàn)在僅靠積蓄勉強(qiáng)維持生計。
B: Hmm, that sounds like a good plan. Whatever you do, don't let this go to your head. Try not to lose who you are.?
乙：嗯，這計劃聽起來不錯。無論做什么，別讓財富沖昏頭腦。盡量別迷失自我。
A: Don't worry, I won't. I know what you mean.?
甲：別擔(dān)心，我不會的。我明白你的意思。
Whatever you do, don't let this go to your head .
He'll take some time for himself and thinks about what he wants to do.
