Coffee or tea? The answer might be in your genes
喝咖啡還是喝茶？答案也許藏在你的基因里
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Do you prefer coffee or tea? The answer to that question might in part be down to your genes, research suggests.
咖啡和茶，你更偏愛哪一樣呢？研究表明，這個問題的答案可能有部分取決于你的基因。
Scientists say a genetic predisposition to perceiving the bitterness of particular substances appears to nudge us towards one beverage or the other.
科學(xué)家表示，一種遺傳傾向似乎會讓我們選擇一種飲品或者是別的飲品，這種傾向能感知某些特定物質(zhì)的苦味。
The study, published in the Scientific Reports journal, involved two sets of data. The first was a large twin study which showed that, at least in those of European ancestry, particular genetic variants are linked to the strength of perception of different tastes: one specific variant was associated with slightly higher ratings of bitterness for caffeine, another to greater bitterness for quinine and a third to greater bitterness for a drug known as propylthiouracil, or prop.
這項研究公開在《科學(xué)報告》期刊上，其中包含了兩組數(shù)據(jù)。第一組數(shù)據(jù)是一項大型的雙胞胎研究，這項研究表明，至少在歐洲血統(tǒng)的雙胞胎研究中，某些特定的基因變異跟不同味覺的感知強(qiáng)度有關(guān)聯(lián)：一種特定的變異跟稍高的咖啡因苦味評級有關(guān)，另一種變異與較高的奎寧苦味相關(guān)，而第三種變異與一種藥物較高的苦味相關(guān)，這種藥物叫做丙基硫氧嘧啶，或稱 prop。
The team found people with a greater genetic predisposition to perceiving the bitterness of caffeine drank a little more coffee, but an increased perception of the bitterness of quinine and prop were linked to a small reduction in coffee drinking.
研究團(tuán)隊發(fā)現(xiàn)，對感知咖啡因苦味遺傳傾向更強(qiáng)的人群喝咖啡略多，然而，對奎寧和丙基硫氧嘧啶的苦味感知更強(qiáng)的人群，他們的咖啡飲用量會輕微減少。
“While the effect of perception on your daily coffee intake might be relatively small—only a 0.15 cup per day increase—from a normal caffeine taster to a strong caffeine taster, it actually makes you 20% more likely to become a heavy drinker—drinking more than four cups per day,” said Jue Sheng Ong，first author of the research from QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute in Australia.
“雖然感知對你每天咖啡攝入量的影響可能相對較小——從一個正常的咖啡因品嘗者到一個重度咖啡因品嘗者，你只要每天多攝入 0.15 杯咖啡，但它實(shí)際上讓你成為重度飲者的可能性增加了 20%——重度飲者每天喝的咖啡超過 4 杯?！卑闹蘩ナ刻m醫(yī)學(xué)研究院的第一作者 Jue Sheng Ong 如是說。
“Our taste genes partially play a role in how much coffee, tea or alcohol we drink,” he said. “The preference towards tea can be seen as a consequence of abstaining from coffee, because our genes might have made coffee a little too bitter for our palates to handle.”
“我們的味覺基因在某種程度上影響著我們對咖啡、茶和酒的攝入量?！彼f道，“你對茶的偏好可以被看作是放棄喝咖啡的結(jié)果，因為我們的基因可能已經(jīng)讓咖啡變得有點(diǎn)兒太苦，以至于我們的味覺難以承受。”
https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/nov/15/coffee-tea-drink-choice-study-linked-genes-how-we-perceive-bitterness
重點(diǎn)詞匯
be down to
是......的責(zé)任；取決于......；僅剩......
e.g.
I'm down to my last dollar.
It's down to you to check the door.
predisposition/?pri?d?sp??z??n/
n. 傾向；稟性
nudge/n?d?/
v. （朝某方向）輕推，漸漸推動
e.g.
He nudged me.
beverage/?bev?r?d?/
n. 飲料；飲品
e.g.
Drinks are on me！
twin study
雙胞胎研究
ancestry/??nsestri/
n. 世系；血統(tǒng)
e.g.
He has Scottish ancestry.
variant/?veri?nt/
n. 變異；變體；變形
e.g.
Table tennis is a variant of tennis.
quinine/?kwa?na?n/
n.? 奎寧，金雞納霜（過去用于治療瘧疾）
propylthiouracil/'pro?p?lθa?o?'j?r?s?l/
n. 丙基硫氧嘧啶
intake/??nte?k/
n. 攝取量；吸入量
e.g.
the daily intake of salt
the annual student intake
abstain/?b?ste?n/
v. 戒絕；抑制；放棄
e.g.
abstain from alcohol/sex/drugs
palate/?p?l?t/
n. 味覺；品嘗力
e.g.
He has a palate for wine.
