Day 4
Peak Chap 2- 1/2
Harnessing Adaptability, in the part the writer uses the examples of the brains of London cabbies to show the changes in the brain as memory is trained. Then studies go on to look at Adaptability, that the visual cortex is also trained and grown.
詞匯學習
cardiovascular
/?kɑ?di???v?skj?l? , ?kɑ?rdio??v?skj?l?r/ adjective [usually before noun] medical
relating to the heart and blood vessels (=tubes through which blood flows around your body)
原文出處：both the structure and the function of the brain change in response to various sorts of mental training, in much the same way as your muscles and cardiovascular system respond to physical training.
Application: cardiovascular disease
thoroughfare
/?θ?r?fe? , ?θ?ro?fer, ?θ?r?-/ noun
[countable] the main road through a place such as a city or village
原文出處：To start with, there is no grid of thoroughfares that can be used for orientation and routing as you will find in Manhattan or Paris or Tokyo.
Application: The motel lies off the main thoroughfare.
squiggle
/?skw?ɡ?l/ noun [countable]
a line with irregular curves
原文出處：Instead the city’s major streets are set at odd angles to each other. They curve and they squiggle.
Application: Martha has drawn several squiggle lines under the castle as the lake.
Abound
/??ba?nd/ verb [intransitive]
to exist in very large numbers
原文出處：streets abound, there are traffic circles and dead ends all over, and through the middle of everything runs the Thames River, spanned by a dozen bridge.
Application: Rumours abound as the government decleared that news.
Ubiquitous
/ju??b?kw?t?s/ adjective formal
seeming to be everywhere – sometimes used humorously
It is a French film, starring the ubiquitous Gérard Depardieu
原文出處：They’re ubiquitous—some twenty-five thousand of them driving around in their big, black, boxy cars that are the automotive equivalent of sensible shoes.
Application:? Coffee shops and teahouses are ubiquitous these days.
Harness
/?hɑ?n?s ,?hɑ?r-/? verb [transitive]
1 to control and use the natural force or power of something
2 to fasten two animals together, or to fasten an animal to something using a harness
3 to put a harness on a horse
原文出處：Harnessing adaptability
Application: We can harness the power of the wind to generate electricity.
所思所感
延續(xù)上一章末尾，目的性明確的練習可以訓練離開舒適區(qū)，但這需要一定的基礎，好的方法，以及內驅力和意志力的強大。所以下一步是刻意練習，這比目的性明確的練習更進一步。
我們先來看兩個實例，通過倫敦（交通狀況復雜且道路環(huán)境蜿蜒多變）出租車司機的考試（可以算是世界上最難的考試），他們幾乎需要把整個倫敦的三維地圖和道路途徑GPS全部裝進大腦，完成該考試的司機，大腦的海馬體結構已經改變——海馬體后部的組織膨脹了，也就是負責記憶力的區(qū)域增長了。
失明的人閱讀盲文，依然會在視表層發(fā)出脈沖刺激，原本被圖像刺激的視表層，改成了被觸覺刺激，反映到原有的結構上。
由以上實驗，大腦和神經系統(tǒng)也是可以像肌肉一樣被訓練，增長和改變的。因此，對他們的訓練，或者人體的大腦和神經也具有和身體肌肉一樣的適應性，也是可訓練性。
想到練琴的例子，手腦眼的配合，從機械性的無知訓練，后來經過了目的性明確的練習，張不開的肌腱可以靈活打開，不能做到的力度和速度也能漸漸完成，大腦和神經的協(xié)調得到訓練。
想到這個很開心，每天練習，每天進步，日新月異。
