一 words and expressions

1. To understand just how audacious this was, you need to know a little about Dan.

audacious：showing great courage or confidence in a way that is impressive or slightly shocking大膽的

造句：Your plan of going abroad is an audacious decision.

2. Even the most motivated and intelligent student will advance more quickly under the tutelage of someone who knows the best order in which to learn things

tutelage：when you are taught or looked after by someone 受指導(dǎo)（期）; 受監(jiān)護(hù)（期）

under sb's tutelage

造句：Diop says he sometimes wonders if he would have become a star with better?tutelage?as a youth.

3. Franklin’s approach also offers an excellent template for developing mental representations when you have little or no input from instructors.

template：something that is used as a model for another thing樣板，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

?Her childhood became a template for how she brought up her own children.

4. Even established comedians will often return to standup clubs to try out new routines or

simply brush up on their delivery.

brush up on：to practise and improve your skills or your knowledge of something that you learned in the past溫習(xí)，復(fù)習(xí)

造句：I thought I'd brush up on my Japanese before going to Tokyo.

二 summary ＆ thoughts

第六章的標(biāo)題是 ?在生活中運用刻意練習(xí)原則

很多人都認(rèn)為，只有少數(shù)一些人才能在特定的領(lǐng)域中獲得成功，只有那些邏輯思維清晰和擅長數(shù)學(xué)的人才能進(jìn)入數(shù)學(xué)領(lǐng)域；只有那些有運動細(xì)胞的人才能進(jìn)入體育領(lǐng)域。這種想法，使得人們以此為借口，不去追求他們原本可能真正喜歡做、也許還很擅長的事情。

1.找位好的導(dǎo)師

導(dǎo)師可以做的最重要的事情是幫你創(chuàng)建心理表征，以便你能監(jiān)測和糾正你自己的表現(xiàn)。

好的導(dǎo)師應(yīng)當(dāng)在行業(yè)或領(lǐng)域之中有所成就，好的導(dǎo)師應(yīng)當(dāng)在他所在的行業(yè)或領(lǐng)域的教育中具有一些技能和經(jīng)驗。

2.專注和投入至關(guān)重要

如果你在走神，或者很放松，甚至只為了好玩，你不可能會有進(jìn)步。專注和投入至關(guān)重要，因此，制定明確的目標(biāo)，把練習(xí)課程的時間縮得更短，是更加迅速的提升新的技能水平的最佳方式。

3.沒有導(dǎo)師怎么辦

也許在你有興趣提高自己水平的那些領(lǐng)域之中你沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)杰出人物，或者至少沒有導(dǎo)師，不論什么原因，如果你遵循刻意練習(xí)的基本原則去練習(xí)，依然可以進(jìn)步。

4.用三個 F 創(chuàng)建有效的心理表征

Focus（專注）、Feedback（反饋）、Fix it（修正）

將技能分解成一些組成部分，以便反復(fù)練習(xí)，并且有效地分析、確定你的不足之處，然后想出各種辦法來解決它們。