ArrayList
-
介紹
ArrayList是基于動(dòng)態(tài)數(shù)組的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)
ArrayList 隨機(jī)訪問速度快,中間插入與刪除速度慢,尾部插入與刪除速度也快。
重要屬性
//存儲(chǔ)元素的數(shù)組緩沖區(qū)
transient Object[] elementData;
//List的大小
private int size;
- 構(gòu)造函數(shù)一
public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) {
if (initialCapacity > 0) {
this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity];
} else if (initialCapacity == 0) {
this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
} else {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+ initialCapacity);
}
}
此構(gòu)造需要傳入一個(gè)初始化容量initialCapacity;
如果大于0,則創(chuàng)建此大小的數(shù)組緩沖區(qū),等于0,則直接使用一個(gè)空數(shù)組EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA
因此,使用ArrayList的時(shí)候如果預(yù)先知道其容量,使用此構(gòu)造方法傳入容量,避免內(nèi)存浪費(fèi)與add時(shí)觸發(fā)無必要的擴(kuò)容。
- 構(gòu)造函數(shù)二
public ArrayList() {
this.elementData = DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
}
此構(gòu)造直接使用一個(gè)空數(shù)組DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA作為數(shù)據(jù)緩沖區(qū),add時(shí)才擴(kuò)容。
- 構(gòu)造函數(shù)三
public ArrayList(Collection<? extends E> c) {
elementData = c.toArray();
if ((size = elementData.length) != 0) {
if (elementData.getClass() != Object[].class)
elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size, Object[].class);
} else {
this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
}
}
此構(gòu)造直接使用傳入集合c數(shù)組數(shù)據(jù)作為數(shù)據(jù)緩沖區(qū)。
- get方法
public E get(int index) {
if (index >= size)
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));
return (E) elementData[index];
}
通過index直接從數(shù)組緩沖區(qū)中獲取數(shù)據(jù),根據(jù)下標(biāo)取數(shù)據(jù)快。
- set方法
public E set(int index, E element) {
if (index >= size)
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));
E oldValue = (E) elementData[index];
elementData[index] = element;
return oldValue;
}
直接從數(shù)組緩沖區(qū)替換指定index的數(shù)據(jù),速度快。
- add方法
public boolean add(E e) {
//確保內(nèi)部容量夠用
ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1);
elementData[size++] = e;
return true;
}
private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) {
if (elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA) {
//DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10
minCapacity = Math.max(DEFAULT_CAPACITY, minCapacity);
}
ensureExplicitCapacity(minCapacity);
}
private void ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity) {
modCount++;
// overflow-conscious code
if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0)
grow(minCapacity);
}
//真正擴(kuò)容數(shù)組緩沖區(qū)
private void grow(int minCapacity) {
// overflow-conscious code
int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
// a >> 1 相當(dāng)于 a / 2^1 取整
// a >> 2 相當(dāng)于 a / 2^2 取整
int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);
if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)
newCapacity = minCapacity;
//MAX_ARRAY_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8
if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
// minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:
elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
}
舉例說明一下擴(kuò)容:
`假設(shè)當(dāng)前數(shù)組緩沖區(qū)大小為10,ArrayList.size也為10,`
`=> add(ele)`
`=> ensureCapacityInternal(11) // size+1 = 11`
`=> ensureExplicitCapacity(11)`
`=> grow(minCapacity = 11)`
`=> oldCapacity = elementData.length = 10`
`newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1) = 15`
`...這塊未影響newCapacity的值`
`elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity),此時(shí)elementData.length = newCapacity = 15了`
`=>elementData[10] = ele;// size++ 先使后加`
add如果不觸發(fā)擴(kuò)容的話速度非常快,觸發(fā)擴(kuò)容需要數(shù)組copy,速度會(huì)受到影響
- add方法(從指定index add)
public void add(int index, E element) {
if (index > size || index < 0)
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));
//確保數(shù)組容量夠用
ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1);
//將數(shù)組緩沖區(qū)中index之后的數(shù)據(jù),向后移動(dòng)一位
System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + 1,
size - index);
elementData[index] = element;
size++;
}
此方法相比在上一add方法,多一步數(shù)組拷貝過程。
- remove方法(通過index),返回舊的數(shù)據(jù)
public E remove(int index) {
if (index >= size)
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));
modCount++;
//取出當(dāng)前index之前的值,下面作為方法返回值
E oldValue = (E) elementData[index];
int numMoved = size - index - 1;
//大于0,說明不是移除最后一個(gè)元素,需要將index之后的數(shù)據(jù)往前移一位
if (numMoved > 0)
System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index, numMoved);
//最后一個(gè)一定沒用了,置為空,讓gc去管
elementData[--size] = null;
return oldValue;
}
如果是移除最后一個(gè)元素的話,不涉及數(shù)組copy,速度很快;
如果移除非最后一個(gè)元素,需要數(shù)組copy,速度會(huì)受影響。
- remove方法(通過元素),返回是否移除前是否包含該元素
public boolean remove(Object o) {
if (o == null) {
for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)
if (elementData[index] == null) {
fastRemove(index);
return true;
}
} else {
for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)
if (o.equals(elementData[index])) {
fastRemove(index);
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
private void fastRemove(int index) {
modCount++;
int numMoved = size - index - 1;
if (numMoved > 0)
System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,
numMoved);
elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work
}
遍歷元素,找到與傳入元素相等的元素的index,然后移除(過程與上面通過index remove的過程相同);
注意:如果元素中包含重復(fù)的元素,則僅移除前面的那個(gè)元素(因?yàn)槭菑那巴笳襥ndex的);
- addAll方法
public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) {
Object[] a = c.toArray();
int numNew = a.length;
ensureCapacityInternal(size + numNew); // Increments modCount
System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, size, numNew);
size += numNew;
return numNew != 0;
}
public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) {
if (index > size || index < 0)
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));
Object[] a = c.toArray();
int numNew = a.length;
ensureCapacityInternal(size + numNew); // Increments modCount
int numMoved = size - index;
if (numMoved > 0)
System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + numNew, numMoved);
System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, index, numNew);
size += numNew;
return numNew != 0;
}
addAll 跟上面add方法基本一樣。
- removeAll方法
public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c) {
Objects.requireNonNull(c);
return batchRemove(c, false);
}
private boolean batchRemove(Collection<?> c, boolean complement) {
final Object[] elementData = this.elementData;
int r = 0, w = 0;
boolean modified = false;
try {
for (; r < size; r++)
//complement=false
//如果c不包含elementData[r],把elementData[r]保留
if (c.contains(elementData[r]) == complement)
elementData[w++] = elementData[r];
} finally {
// 看上面的for循環(huán),沒有多線程并發(fā)問題的話,r一定是等于size的,
// 這個(gè)if不會(huì)命中
if (r != size) {
System.arraycopy(elementData, r,
elementData, w,
size - r);
w += size - r;
}
//如果不是全部移除,w肯定不等于size,
//這個(gè)if命中,把多余的元素置空
if (w != size) {
// clear to let GC do its work
for (int i = w; i < size; i++)
elementData[i] = null;
modCount += size - w;
size = w;
modified = true;
}
}
return modified;
}
舉例分析以下代碼:
List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7));
List<Integer> c = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(1, 3, 5));
list.removeAll(c);
System.out.println(list);// 輸出[2, 4, 6, 7]
1.原始數(shù)據(jù)
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | _ | _ | _ |
|---|
2.batchRemove == for循環(huán)完后=>
| 2 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 7 | _ | _ | _ |
|---|
3.置空多余元素
| 2 | 4 | 6 | 7 | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ |
|---|
- subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex)
public List<E> subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
//檢查index是否異常
subListRangeCheck(fromIndex, toIndex, size);
return new SubList(this, 0, fromIndex, toIndex);
}
private class SubList extends AbstractList<E> implements RandomAccess {
private final AbstractList<E> parent;
private final int parentOffset;
private final int offset;
int size;
SubList(AbstractList<E> parent, int offset, int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
this.parent = parent;
this.parentOffset = fromIndex;
this.offset = offset + fromIndex;
this.size = toIndex - fromIndex;
this.modCount = ArrayList.this.modCount;
}
public E set(int index, E e) {
//......
ArrayList.this.elementData[offset + index] = e;
//......
}
public E get(int index) {
//......
return (E) ArrayList.this.elementData[offset + index];
}
public void add(int index, E e) {
//......
parent.add(parentOffset + index, e);
//......
}
public E remove(int index) {
//......
E result = parent.remove(parentOffset + index);
//......
}
protected void removeRange(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
//......
parent.removeRange(parentOffset + fromIndex, parentOffset + toIndex);
//......
}
public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) {
return addAll(this.size, c);
}
public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) {
//......
parent.addAll(parentOffset + index, c);
//......
}
//......
}
該方法返回的不是ArrayList,而是SubList;
SubList相當(dāng)于是原ArrayList的一個(gè)映射,[fromIndex, toIndex);
子list實(shí)際上是修改的父ArrayList。
父list操作后,子list再操作會(huì)拋出異常 ConcurrentModificationException,是因?yàn)楦竘ist操作后不會(huì)把modCount同步給子list。
- clear方法
public void clear() {
modCount++;
// clear to let GC do its work
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
elementData[i] = null;
size = 0;
}
遍歷將數(shù)組緩沖區(qū)全部置空,size置0。