00:00
Some people think that there's a TED Talk formula:
有人認(rèn)為TED演講有一個(gè)固定模式：
00:03
Give a talk on a round, red rug.
“站在一塊圓形的紅地毯上?！?/p>
00:05
Share a childhood story.
“分享童年的經(jīng)歷?！?/p>
00:06
Divulge a personal secret.
“分享個(gè)人的秘密?！?/p>
00:08
End with an inspiring call to action.
“最后號(hào)召大家行動(dòng)起來(lái)?！?/p>
00:11
No. That's not how to think of a TED Talk. In fact, if you overuse those devices, you're just going to come across as clichéd or emotionally manipulative.
不是的。 我們不該這么來(lái)看待TED演講。 實(shí)際上，如果濫用這些手法， 只會(huì)給人留下陳詞濫調(diào) 或者心靈雞湯的感覺(jué)。
00:20
But there is one thing that all great TED Talks have in common, and I would like to share that thing with you,
但所有優(yōu)秀的TED演講 確實(shí)有一個(gè)共同點(diǎn)， 這也是我想和各位分享的，
00:27
because over the past 12 years, I've had a ringside seat, listening to many hundreds of amazing TED speakers, like these. I've helped them prepare their talks for prime time, and learned directly from them their secrets of what makes for a great talk.
因?yàn)?2年來(lái)我一直坐在場(chǎng)邊, 聆聽(tīng)了數(shù)百位演講者的 精彩演講，比如他們。 我協(xié)助他們準(zhǔn)備演講， 在黃金時(shí)段播出， 也從他們那里學(xué)到了 做一場(chǎng)精彩演講的秘訣。
00:41
And even though these speakers and their topics all seem completely different, they actually do have one key common ingredient. And it's this: Your number one task as a speaker is to transfer into your listeners' minds an extraordinary gift -- a strange and beautiful object that we call an idea.
盡管這些演講者和他們的演講主題 都各不相同， 但有一個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)是相同的。 那就是： 作為演講者最重要的任務(wù) 是送給你的聽(tīng)眾一件特別的禮物—— 它神奇而美麗， 我們稱之為“想法”。
01:04
Let me show you what I mean. Here's Haley. She is about to give a TED Talk and frankly, she's terrified.
下面我來(lái)解釋一下。 這是海利。 她將要進(jìn)行一個(gè)TED演講, 坦白說(shuō)，她很緊張。
01:10
(Video) Presenter: Haley Van Dyck!
（視頻）主持人：海利·范·戴克！
01:12
(Applause)
（掌聲）
01:18
Over the course of 18 minutes, 1,200 people, many of whom have never seen each other before, are finding that their brains are starting to sync with Haley's brain and with each other. They're literally beginning to exhibit the same brain-wave patterns. And I don't just mean they're feeling the same emotions. There's something even more startling happening.
在18分鐘的演講過(guò)程中， 此前互不相識(shí)的1200名聽(tīng)眾 發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的思維漸漸與海利同步， 與其他人同步。 甚至可以說(shuō)，他們的 腦電波都開(kāi)始同步。 他們當(dāng)時(shí)不僅感受相同。 還有更令人吃驚的事在發(fā)生。
01:38
Let's take a look inside Haley's brain for a moment. There are billions of interconnected neurons in an impossible tangle. But look here, right here -- a few million of them are linked to each other in a way which represents a single idea. And incredibly, this exact pattern is being recreated in real time inside the minds of everyone listening. That's right; in just a few minutes, a pattern involving millions of neurons is being teleported into 1,200 minds, just by people listening to a voice and watching a face.
讓我們到海利的大腦中看一看。 數(shù)十億神經(jīng)元相互連接，互相纏繞。 但是看這里， 其中幾百萬(wàn)個(gè)神經(jīng)元連接在一起， 形成了一個(gè)想法。 難以置信的是，同樣的連接方式， 也同時(shí)在每一位聽(tīng)眾的 腦海中出現(xiàn)了。 是的，幾分鐘內(nèi)， 這種包含幾百萬(wàn)神經(jīng)元的 特殊連接模式 僅僅通過(guò)聽(tīng)和看， 就傳遞進(jìn)了1200個(gè)大腦之中。
02:12
But wait -- what is an idea anyway? Well, you can think of it as a pattern of information that helps you understand and navigate the world. Ideas come in all shapes and sizes, from the complex and analytical to the simple and aesthetic.
那么，到底什么是想法呢？ 你可以理解為是一種信息的組合， 能幫你理解和探索這個(gè)世界。 想法是多種多樣的， 有的復(fù)雜，有的簡(jiǎn)單， 有的理性，有的感性。
02:28
Here are just a few examples shared from the TED stage. Sir Ken Robinson -- creativity is key to our kids' future.
下面我舉幾個(gè)例子， 都發(fā)生在TED講臺(tái)上。 肯·羅賓遜爵士——?jiǎng)?chuàng)造力 是決定孩子未來(lái)的關(guān)鍵。
02:35
(Video) Sir Ken Robinson: My contention is that creativity now is as important in education as literacy, and we should treat it with the same status.
（視頻）肯·羅賓遜爵士： 我認(rèn)為在教育中， 培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)造力和教讀書寫字一樣重要， 我們應(yīng)該同樣重視。
02:44
Chris Anderson: Elora Hardy -- building from bamboo is beautiful.
伊勞拉·哈迪—— 竹制建筑的魅力。
02:47
(Video) Elora Hardy: It is growing all around us, it's strong, it's elegant, it's earthquake-resistant.
（視頻）伊勞拉·哈迪： 竹子隨處可見(jiàn)， 很牢固，很優(yōu)雅，可以抵御地震。
02:53
CA: Chimamanda Adichie -- people are more than a single identity.
奇麻曼達(dá)·阿迪契—— 人類并不只有單一屬性。
02:57
(Video) Chimamanda Adichie: The single story creates stereotypes, and the problem with stereotypes is not that they are untrue, but that they are incomplete.
（視頻）奇麻曼達(dá)·阿迪契： 單一的故事會(huì)導(dǎo)致片面， 片面的問(wèn)題并不在于它不正確， 而在于它不完整。
03:07
CA: Your mind is teeming with ideas, and not just randomly. They're carefully linked together. Collectively they form an amazingly complex structure that is your personal worldview. It's your brain's operating system. It's how you navigate the world. And it is built up out of millions of individual ideas.
你的大腦里充滿了各種想法， 它們并不是隨機(jī)的， 而是相互聯(lián)系的。 它們匯集成神奇而復(fù)雜的體系， 形成你的世界觀。 是你大腦的操作系統(tǒng)。 也是你探索世界的方式。 是數(shù)百萬(wàn)個(gè)想法的大集合。
03:26
So, for example, if one little component of your worldview is the idea that kittens are adorable, then when you see this, you'll react like this. But if another component of your worldview is the idea that leopards are dangerous, then when you see this, you'll react a little bit differently. So, it's pretty obvious why the ideas that make up your worldview are crucial. You need them to be as reliable as possible -- a guide, to the scary but wonderful real world out there.
比如說(shuō)，你世界觀中的一小部分 告訴你小貓很可愛(ài)， 那么當(dāng)你看到小貓時(shí)， 你就會(huì)撫摸它。 而另一部分告訴你 美洲豹很危險(xiǎn)， 那么當(dāng)你看見(jiàn)它時(shí)， 你可能會(huì)撒腿就跑。 所以顯而易見(jiàn)， 這些想法對(duì)于塑造你的 世界觀至關(guān)重要。 它們就像一名值得信賴的向?qū)В?幫你應(yīng)對(duì)這個(gè)美妙卻又危險(xiǎn)的世界。
03:57
Now, different people's worldviews can be dramatically different. For example, how does your worldview react when you see this image:
不同人的世界觀截然不同。 舉個(gè)例子， 你對(duì)下面的視頻會(huì)有什么反應(yīng)？
04:07
(Video) Dalia Mogahed: What do you think when you look at me? "A woman of faith," "an expert," maybe even "a sister"? Or "oppressed," "brainwashed," "a terrorist"?
（視頻）達(dá)利亞·莫佳德： 你看到我的時(shí)候你在想什么？ “有信仰的女人”，“專家” 甚至是“姐姐”？ 或者“受壓迫的”，“被洗腦的” 還是“恐怖分子”？
04:21
CA: Whatever your answer, there are millions of people out there who would react very differently. So that's why ideas really matter. If communicated properly, they're capable of changing, forever, how someone thinks about the world, and shaping their actions both now and well into the future. Ideas are the most powerful force shaping human culture.
無(wú)論你的答案是什么， 成千上萬(wàn)的人， 就會(huì)有成千上萬(wàn)種答案。 正因?yàn)榇耍敕ú欧浅Ｖ匾?通過(guò)正確的交流，想法可以永遠(yuǎn)地 改變一個(gè)人的世界觀， 影響他們現(xiàn)在和未來(lái)的的行為。 想法是塑造人類文化 最強(qiáng)大的力量。
04:43
So if you accept that your number one task as a speaker is to build an idea inside the minds of your audience, here are four guidelines for how you should go about that task:
如果你認(rèn)同， 演講者最重要的 任務(wù)是提出一個(gè)想法， 并讓聽(tīng)眾認(rèn)同， 那么這里有四條原則你可以遵循：
04:52
One, limit your talk to just one major idea. Ideas are complex things; you need to slash back your content so that you can focus on the single idea you're most passionate about, and give yourself a chance to explain that one thing properly. You have to give context, share examples, make it vivid. So pick one idea, and make it the through-line running through your entire talk, so that everything you say links back to it in some way.
第一，讓你的演講主題明確。 想法是復(fù)雜的， 你要避免長(zhǎng)篇大論，專注于 最讓你激動(dòng)不已的那個(gè)想法， 并想辦法把它解釋清楚。 你需要解釋背景， 舉例說(shuō)明，娓娓道來(lái)。 所以只挑選一個(gè)想法， 讓它貫穿你的整個(gè)演講， 讓你講的所有內(nèi)容都能與之呼應(yīng)。
05:21
Two, give your listeners a reason to care. Before you can start building things inside the minds of your audience, you have to get their permission to welcome you in. And the main tool to achieve that? Curiosity. Stir your audience's curiosity. Use intriguing, provocative questions to identify why something doesn't make sense and needs explaining. If you can reveal a disconnection in someone's worldview, they'll feel the need to bridge that knowledge gap. And once you've sparked that desire, it will be so much easier to start building your idea.
第二，吸引你的聽(tīng)眾。 在你將自己的想法灌輸給觀眾之前， 你必須得到他們的允許。 那主要手段是什么呢？ 好奇心。 勾起觀眾的好奇心。 提一些耐人尋味，引人入勝的問(wèn)題 讓大家發(fā)現(xiàn)有些事情 不合理，需要解釋。 如果你讓某人發(fā)現(xiàn)， 他的世界觀里有空白， 他們就會(huì)想把這缺口補(bǔ)上。 一旦你勾起他們的求知欲， 灌輸你的想法就容易多了。
05:58
Three, build your idea, piece by piece, out of concepts that your audience already understands. You use the power of language to weave together concepts that already exist in your listeners' minds -- but not your language, their language. You start where they are. The speakers often forget that many of the terms and concepts they live with are completely unfamiliar to their audiences. Now, metaphors can play a crucial role in showing how the pieces fit together, because they reveal the desired shape of the pattern, based on an idea that the listener already understands.
第三，構(gòu)筑你的想法， 一步一步來(lái)， 要使用觀眾已經(jīng)了解的概念。 用語(yǔ)言的力量， 把觀眾腦海中已經(jīng)存在的概念 重新整合—— 不過(guò)要用觀眾能懂的語(yǔ)言。 你要讓他們跟上你的節(jié)奏。 演講者經(jīng)常會(huì)忘記， 自己每天接觸的術(shù)語(yǔ)和概念， 在觀眾們眼中可能就是天書。 因此，善用比喻非常重要， 因?yàn)楸扔魇怯寐?tīng)眾已經(jīng)了解的概念， 來(lái)勾畫缺失的那一塊知識(shí)拼圖。
06:34
For example, when Jennifer Kahn wanted to explain the incredible new biotechnology called CRISPR, she said, "It's as if, for the first time, you had a word processor to edit DNA. CRISPR allows you to cut and paste genetic information really easily." Now, a vivid explanation like that delivers a satisfying aha moment as it snaps into place in our minds. It's important, therefore, to test your talk on trusted friends, and find out which parts they get confused by.
比如，當(dāng)珍妮弗·卡恩 想解釋一種叫做CRISPR的 最前端的生物技術(shù)時(shí)， 她說(shuō)：“這項(xiàng)技術(shù)，就像你第一次 擁有了一臺(tái)可以編輯DNA的 文字處理機(jī)一樣。 CRISPR能讓你十分輕松的 剪切和粘貼基因組信息。” 就這樣，一個(gè)生動(dòng)的描述， 讓我們恍然大悟， 并且深深地印在了我們的腦海里。 在信任的朋友面前 試講一下是很關(guān)鍵的， 你可以找出他們 聽(tīng)不懂的地方（加以修改）。
07:03
Four, here's the final tip: Make your idea worth sharing. By that I mean, ask yourself the question: "Who does this idea benefit?" And I need you to be honest with the answer. If the idea only serves you or your organization, then, I'm sorry to say, it's probably not worth sharing. The audience will see right through you. But if you believe that the idea has the potential to brighten up someone else's day or change someone else's perspective for the better or inspire someone to do something differently, then you have the core ingredient to a truly great talk, one that can be a gift to them and to all of us.
第四條，也是最后一條： 確定你的想法值得分享。 我的意思是，捫心自問(wèn)： “這個(gè)想法對(duì)誰(shuí)有好處？” 你需要實(shí)事求是。 如果這個(gè)想法只服務(wù)于你或者你的組織， 那么對(duì)不起，它也許不值得分享。 觀眾也馬上能發(fā)現(xiàn)這一點(diǎn)。 但如果你認(rèn)為自己的想法 有可能照亮他人的人生， 或者改善他人的觀點(diǎn)， 或者激勵(lì)他人去改變， 那么你就擁有了 一篇精彩演講的核心元素， 所有人都會(huì)因此受益。
