①②段來自暗夜，③④⑤來自tdlorang，⑥⑦⑧來自肉丸子。⑨⑩來自蓬蓬豆，??來自荊棘海。
大標題：Why suicide is falling around the world, and how to bring the numbers down further.
為什么自殺率在全球范圍內(nèi)下降，以及如何將這個數(shù)字進一步降低。
小標題：Urbanisation, fewer forced marriages and more curbs on the means of self-destruction.
以主標題提出全文主要描述的內(nèi)容：全世界自殺率下降的原因以及使之進一步下降的方法。副標題提出了自殺率下降的三個主要原因。
題圖體現(xiàn)出以下意向：
1.懸崖--自殺
2.往回走的人--改變自殺的想法
3.岸的曲線（標紅引起注意）--自殺率下降
題圖形象對應標題，引出下文。
“YOU KNOW,” says a trader in “Margin Call”, a film about the crash of 2008, as he stands high on a building above Wall Street, “the feeling that people experience when they stand on the edge like this isn’t the fear of falling—it’s the fear that they might jump.” Suicide fascinates us. It is at once appalling and yet, in the darkest places in our minds, appealing. It is the most damaging sort of death. A child’s suicide is a parent’s worst nightmare, and a parent’s marks their children for life. It is a manifestation not just of individual anguish but also of a collective failure: if society is too painful to live in, perhaps we are all culpable.
（一）內(nèi)容總結(jié)：
首句用電影《商海通牒》中的情節(jié)引出“自殺”：當人們像這樣站在邊緣，他們感覺到的并不是害怕會摔下去，而是害怕會主動跳下去?！?。自殺的想法使人們恐懼，但又吸引著人們。孩子自殺是家長的噩夢，家長自殺會讓孩子終生難忘。如果社會痛苦得讓人無法無法活下去，或許我們大家都該為此負責。作為全文第一段，用電影情節(jié)引出全文主題，更讓讀者有興趣閱讀，也更好理解作者意圖。
（二）實用表達總結(jié)：
①? on the edge: 這里一語雙關，即表示實際生活中處于懸崖或者樓的邊緣，又暗示了自殺者處于人生崩潰的邊緣。
②. appal:If something appals you, it disgusts you because it seems so bad or unpleasant.
可與terrify, frighten互換,此處的appalling與后文的appealing形成尾韻,我們可以用來形容一些冒險的事情:
造句：Bungee jumping is appalling but appealing.
（三）重難點分析：
It is the most damaging sort of death. A child’s suicide is a parent’s worst nightmare, and a parent’s marks their children for life.
這里是省略句，補充完整應該是：
A child’s suicide is a parent’s worst nightmare, and a parent’s (suicide) marks their children for life.
mark這里指的是：“留下痕跡，弄污”，造句：
The disease had marked her face for life。（疾病在他的臉上留下了終身的疤痕）。
It is a manifestation not just of individual anguish but also of a collective failure: if society is too painful to live in, perhaps we are all culpable.
這句話可以簡單粗暴背下來，因為這句話讀起來真的讓人感覺義憤填膺，不能獨善其身。It is a manifestation not just of individual anguish but also of a collective failure。我們可以用來形容重慶公交車事件。 If society is too painful to live in, perhaps we are all culpable.我們可以用來形容網(wǎng)絡輿論讓一些人跳樓自殺的場景。
manifestation：表現(xiàn)，比如一個疾病的臨床表現(xiàn)，我們會說：the clinical manifestation of the disease
culpable：有罪的，可以替換常見的guilty，靈活使用。
The suicide rate in America is up by 18% since 2000. This is not merely a tragedy; it matters politically, too. The rise is largely among white, middle-aged, poorly educated men in areas that were left behind by booms and crushed by busts. Their deaths are a symptom of troubles to which some see President Donald Trump as the answer. Those troubles should not be ignored.
（一）內(nèi)容總結(jié)：
首句表述了美國自殺率現(xiàn)狀：從2000年開始上升到18%。第二句表述了這種上升不僅是悲劇更是政治問題。第三句表明了上升的自殺率主要在哪部分人群：在經(jīng)濟還沒繁榮起來卻遭遇了經(jīng)濟重創(chuàng)的地區(qū)的中年低學歷白人男性。第四句表明這些人的自殺反映了一系列社會問題，一些人認為特朗普總統(tǒng)是解決問題的答案。第五句再次強調(diào)了這種社會問題不應被忽視。
（二）實用表達總結(jié)：
①left behind by booms and crushed by busts,這是修飾前面的area的，意思是經(jīng)濟還沒繁榮起來卻遭遇了經(jīng)濟重創(chuàng)：
boom:a period of great prosperity or rapid economic growth
bust :a period of economic difficulty or depression
boom有“隆隆聲”的含義，bust有“爆裂”的含義。本句使用這兩個名詞，更有畫面感。同時押頭韻，更有韻律感。依然可以簡單粗暴背下來。
（三）重難點分析：
Their deaths are a symptom of troubles to which some see President Donald Trump as the answer.
which 引導定語從句, 先行詞是a symptom of troubles， the answer to 中的介詞 to 前置。即see Trump as the answer to a symptom of troubles。
可以分兩句來理解：
Their deaths are a symptom of troubles. Some see President Donald Trump as the answer to the troubles.
3-Nonetheless, beyond America’s gloomy trend is a more optimistic story: that at a global level, suicide is down by 29% since 2000 (see article). As a result, 2.8m lives have been saved in that time—three times as many as have been killed in battle. There is no one reason. It is happening at different rates among different groups in different places. But the decline is particularly notable among three sets of people.
4-One is young women in China and India. In most of the world, older people kill themselves more often than the young, and men more than women. But in China and India, young women have been unusually prone to suicide. That is decreasingly the case. Another group is middle-aged men in Russia. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, alcoholism and suicide rocketed among them. Both have now receded. A third category is old people all around the world. The suicide rate among the elderly remains, on average, higher than among the rest of the population, but has also fallen faster since 2000 than among other groups.
5-Why are these people now less likely to take their own lives? Urbanisation and greater freedom have helped. Accounts of those who attempt suicide, and of the relatives of those who succeed, suggest that many young Asian women were driven to despair by violent husbands and overbearing in-laws. As people move to cities and the grip of tradition loosens, women have more choice about whom they marry or live with, making life more bearable. Leaving the village helps in another way, too. Because farming involves killing things, rural folk are likelier to have the means to kill themselves—guns, pesticides—to hand.
（一）內(nèi)容總結(jié)：
段3：承接第2段內(nèi)容，說盡管自殺率雖然在美國不容客觀，但是在全球范圍內(nèi)看，情況是有很大的好轉(zhuǎn)的。從來自另一篇報道的文章，可以看到自2000年到2017年自殺率下降了29%。280萬人獲救，是這段時期被殺人數(shù)的3倍。也不知為何，自殺人數(shù)的下降在全世界都在發(fā)生。但是下降主要體現(xiàn)在三類人群。
段4：承接第3段，整段介紹了是哪三類在減少，第一類群體：與其它大多數(shù)國家不同，中國和印度的年輕女性更易自殺，但現(xiàn)在自殺傾向在減少。第二類群體：俄羅斯中年男性，酗酒和自殺都有所減少。第三類群體：平均來看，世界各地的老人自殺率，雖高于其它人群，但其下降速度比其它人群快。
段5：前面說完自殺率在全球有所好轉(zhuǎn)，接下來慢慢分析為什么？這段介紹了城市化和更多的自由帶來的幫助。從那些企圖自殺的人、以及自殺成功的的親屬那兒，了解到，許多亞洲年輕女性的自殺源于丈夫家暴或者姻親。但隨著人們搬到大城市，傳統(tǒng)的控制有所緩解，關于婚姻，女性有了更多的選擇，日子也稍微好些了。
（二）實用表達總結(jié)：
段一：
① beyond America’s gloomy trend is a more optimistic story? 在美國不容客觀的情況之外是相對更樂觀的報道。
② As a result 因此；結(jié)果是
類似：As a consequence? / in consequence / consequently / Resultantly / Therefore / Because of that /under the circumstances /hence /ergo
③ It is happening at different rates among different groups in different places. 在不同的地方，不同的群體中，這種情況以不同的頻率發(fā)生著。
④ But the decline is particularly notable among three sets of people. 三類人群
段二：
① prone to suicide 更容易自殺
② That is decreasingly the case.這種情況在減少
類似 both have now receded / has also fallen faster
③ The suicide rate among the elderly remains 老年人的自殺率仍然很高
④ on average 通常；平均起來，類似 in general / as a rule
⑧ one is...? Another group is...? A third category is... 整個第段落，介紹三個群體，使用的句型
段三：
① Why are these people now less likely to take their own lives? 不太可能自殺
likely：可作形容詞，或者副詞，這里為形容詞
表示某事很有可能發(fā)生，最簡單的句型，以表示該事的名詞為主語。X is likely to ...。
② Urbanisation 美 /,?:b?nai'zei??n/ 城市化
③ were driven to despair by violent husbands and overbearing in-laws. 被暴力的丈夫和專橫的姻親逼得絕望。
④ As people move to cities and the grip of tradition loosens 隨著人們向城市遷移，傳統(tǒng)的束縛也得到減緩
⑤ pesticides 美 /'p?st?sa?dz/ 農(nóng)藥
⑥r(nóng)ural folk 鄉(xiāng)下人
⑦to hand 在手頭
（三）重點分析：
段一：
① Nonetheless, beyond America’s gloomy trend is a more optimistic story: that at a global level, suicide is down by 29% since 2000 (see article).
發(fā)音：注意 Nonetheless 的重讀? 美 /'n?ne?'l?s/
實用介詞beyond：beyond preposition? 除…之外
類似：In addition to /? besides / over and above /? apart from
同位語從句：
注意：that 為story的同位語從句引導詞，that不能省略，沒有具體的意思，不充當句子成分，只起連接作用。
story=suicide is down by 29% since 2000 (see article）
這句話的句式簡單表達就是：X is a more optimistic story that suicide is down by 29% since 2000.
see article 帶你了解數(shù)據(jù)來源：
出于好奇，點擊文中“(see article) 鏈接去瞅了一眼，是一篇關于自殺情況在全球范圍下降的文章（見下圖一），文中呈現(xiàn)了一張數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計圖（見圖二），驗證原文數(shù)據(jù)29%的來源（見圖三），再次說明經(jīng)濟學人寫文時的嚴謹：
② As a result, 2.8m lives have been saved in that time—three times as many as have been killed in battle.
three times as many as 比較句型：
這個句子中破折號后面是對主句的解釋說明，使用的是as...as比較從句句型（第二個as后通常是省略形式），完整可能為以下2種情況：
完整版1： three times as many as those who have been killed in battle. 第二個as接的名詞性從句。(按照文中的意思，應該是這個完整版，與在戰(zhàn)爭中死亡的人數(shù)相比，ash定語從句)
完整版2：three times as many as lives have been killed in battle. 第二個as接的完整句子。（句子沒有錯，但是放在文中理解會有歧義，前面的lives 和后面的lives不是同一回事）
關于as...as...句型中2個as的詞性和用法：
In this case the first as acts as an adverb modifying the adjective or adverb that goes after it.? 第1個as為副詞
The second as can act as a preposition or conjunction. If it is used as a preposition, it will be followed by a noun or pronoun. If it is used as a conjunction, it will be followed by a clause. 第2個as為介詞或者連詞
段二：
① After the collapse of the Soviet Union, alcoholism and suicide rocketed among them. Both have now receded.
動詞：
rocketed 原型 rocket? /'rɑk?t/ 名詞是火箭；做動詞 （讀音不變）表示 (價格)猛漲，飆升;社會問題急劇增多，用于新聞
If things such as prices or social problems rocket, they increase very quickly and suddenly.? [JOURNALISM 新聞]
造句：Fresh food is so scarce that prices have rocketed. 新鮮食物非常匱乏，導致價格猛漲。
receded 原型 recede? 美 /r?'sid/ 可表示質(zhì)量下降;問題或疾病等逐漸減弱，好轉(zhuǎn)，在文中指 酗酒和自殺問題有所好轉(zhuǎn)
造句：Some writng problems/bad habits begin to recede after joining the Phenomenal English.? 一些寫作問題/壞習慣在加入現(xiàn)象級英語后開始有所好轉(zhuǎn)。? ? ? ?
② The suicide rate among the elderly remains, on average, higher than among the rest of the population, but has also fallen faster since 2000 than among other groups.
句式：
整齊美觀，將on average作為插入語放在句中。還原理解如下,，但是整體效果就沒原文好看了：
On average, the suicide rate among the elderly remains higher than among the rest of the population, but has also fallen faster since 2000 than among other groups.
段三：
① Accounts of those who attempt suicide, and of the relatives of those who succeed, suggest that many young Asian women were driven to despair by violent husbands and overbearing in-laws.
詞匯：
Accounts 和 drive 重點
Account 常理解為賬戶，這里為可數(shù)名詞 表示 書面或口頭的記述，描述，陳述，報告
drive? 表示 驅(qū)使，迫使(某人做出極端的事情) be driven to do by sth 受到......的驅(qū)使而去干什么
造句：People are driven to murder by jealousy. 嫉妒使我犯罪殺人。
其次 ，
overbearing 表示 傲慢的；專橫的；盛氣凌人的；飛揚跋扈的
in-laws：姻親 指因婚姻關系而產(chǎn)生的親屬。即由于結(jié)婚使男女一方與對方親屬所形成的親屬關系。
Social stability is also a factor. In the turbulence that followed the collapse of the Soviet Union, many middle-aged people saw their sources of income and status collapse. Unemployed people kill themselves at around two-and-a-half times the rate of those in work. The financial crash of 2007-08 and the resulting recessions are reckoned to have caused an extra 10,000 or so suicides in America and western Europe. As crises recede and employment rises, so suicide tends to ebb. And falling poverty rates among the old, which have declined faster than among other groups globally, are reckoned to have contributed to the drop in the number of elderly suicides.
(一)內(nèi)容總結(jié)：
前文說到為什么自殺的人數(shù)減少了，本段舉例說明了原因之一：社會穩(wěn)定。蘇聯(lián)解體，美國的金融危機，都造成自殺率上升，而隨著這些社會動蕩因素的影響逐漸減弱，自殺率也降低了。
(二)實用表達總結(jié)：
1. 我們來總結(jié)一下，本文里面，“對...起到作用”或者“是造成...的原因” 這樣的意思，都用了什么表達吧：
① sth is also a factor
Social stability is also a factor.
② sth helps
Urbanisation and greater freedom have helped.
Leaving the village helps in another way, too.
Efforts to curb access to the means to kill oneself can help, too.
Requiring potentially lethal medicines to be sold only in small quantities... has also been shown to help.
③ cause
... are reckoned to have caused an extra 10,000 or so suicides in America and western Europe.
④ contribute to
...are reckoned to have contributed to the drop in the number of elderly suicides.
... are reckoned to have contributed to the recent decline.
⑤ play a role
Policy plays a role, too.
⑥ make a big difference
And spending on health services, especially those that most benefit the old and sick, can make a big difference.
⑦ in part because:
The remarkable recent fall in suicide among elderly Britons may have happened in part because Britain’s palliative-care system is the best in the world.
⑧ account for
The most toxic pesticides account for one-seventh of suicides.
The difference in gun ownership largely accounts for the state-by-state variation in suicide rates.
⑨ do their bit
The media can also do their bit.
⑩ the consequence of
But the decline is not just the consequence of big social trends.
2.? turbulence
我們坐飛機的時候，可能聽到過這個詞 We're now experiencing severeturbulence...
本意是“渦流”，引申意為“動蕩動亂”
The 1960s and early 1970s were a time of change and turbulence.
20 世紀整個 60 年代和 70 年代初期是風云變幻、動蕩不安的一個時期。
形容詞形式是：turbulent
注意：turbulence是不可數(shù)名詞
可以搭配的動詞：experience，go through，undergo
3. see
之前每日一詞里面學過這個詞，是“為...發(fā)生的地點/時間”之意，復習一下：
This stadium has seen many thrilling football games. 這座體育館里，舉辦過許多激動人心的足球比賽。
Next yearsees the centenary of Mahler's death. 明年是馬勒逝世一百周年。
本文后面段落里也出現(xiàn)了see的這層含義
“When South Korea outlawed paraquat in 2011, itsawa decline in suicides but no drop in agricultural output.”
而這段里面的see是“認為，看待”之意：
...many middle-aged peoplesawtheir sources of income and status collapse. 許多中年人認為自己的收入來源和社會地位也跟著崩塌了。
4. result
result我們很熟悉他的名詞“結(jié)果”的意思，但是在這段里，result是動詞“（因）...發(fā)生；（隨...）產(chǎn)生”
The financial crash of 2007-08 and theresultingrecessions...2007年到08年的經(jīng)濟大蕭條，以及隨之而來的經(jīng)濟衰退...
5. 頭韻 alliteration
這篇里面用到了好幾個頭韻，我們來總結(jié)一下：
The rise is largely among white, middle-aged, poorly educated men in areas that were left behind by booms（繁榮）and crushed by busts（破產(chǎn)）.
As crises recede（減弱） and employment rises（上升）...
...a suicide postponed（延遲）is likely to be a suicide prevented（阻止）.
可以看出，前面兩句的頭韻是意思相反的，最后一句是遞進的。
6. ebb
ebb退潮的意思，反義詞漲潮是flow，兩個詞在一起組成一句習語“ebb and flow”“盛衰，起伏，消長”
既可以是名詞，也可以是動詞 “...suicide tends to ebb.” 原文里面是動詞。
Just the usual ebb and flow of the stock market.僅僅是股市的牛市熊市罷了。
Every marriage has its ebb and flow.婚姻生活都是有悲有喜。
Over the years, its reputation has ebbed and flowed.多年來 它的名聲時起時落。
(三)重點分析：
As crises recede and employment rises,so suicide tends to ebb.
這里面的as和so不是因為所以的意思，而是類比兩種類似的情況。
危機逐漸減弱，就業(yè)率有所上升，自殺的概率也有減少的趨勢。
Just? as large companies are having to cut back,so small business are being forced to close. 大公司不得不緊縮，小企業(yè)則被迫關閉。
Just as French love their wine,so the English love their beer. 法國人愛自己的葡萄酒，而英國人則愛自己的啤酒。
But the decline is not just the consequence of big social trends. Policy plays a role, too. When Mikhail Gorbachev restricted the production and distribution of booze in the mid-1980s, both drinking and suicide fell sharply. The collapse of the Soviet Union swept those regulations aside, and both drinking and suicide shot up again. Restrictions introduced by Vladimir Putin in 2005 are reckoned to have contributed to the recent decline.
(一)內(nèi)容總結(jié)：
不僅社會穩(wěn)定會讓自殺人數(shù)減少，政府的政策也有一定影響。20世紀80年代，戈爾巴喬夫限制酒精飲料的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)銷，是自殺率大大減少。后來蘇聯(lián)解體，自殺率又猛增。2005年，普京出臺一些政策限制，自殺率有所下降。
(二)實用表達總結(jié)：
1. fall sharply，shoot up
一個驟減，一個劇增，兩個可以放在一起記。
Ticket prices shot up/fell sharply last year. 去年票價猛漲/陡然減少。
shoot up還可以表示個子突然長高：
Their kids have shot up since I last saw them. 他家的幾個孩子都比我上次見到的時候躥高了好多。
2. sweep aside=to ignore sth completely 置之不理，全然無視
All their advice was swept aside.他們的所有忠告都被當成了耳旁風。
3. be reckoned 被看作是，被普遍認為是
Children are reckoned to be more sophisticated nowadays. 人們普遍認為，如今的孩子比過去更世故了。
這篇文章里面幾次用到be reckoned
...are reckoned to have caused an extra 10,000 or so suicides in America and western Europe.
...are reckoned to have contributed to the drop in the number of elderly suicides.
...are reckoned to have contributed to the recent decline.
4. restrict restriction 注意一個詞可以使用其不同的詞性，來變換表達
...Gorbachev restricted the production and distribution of booze ...
Restrictions introduced by Vladimir Putin...
另外，注意和restriction搭配的動詞，可以是原文里的introduce，還可以是create，impose，place，put，set.
(三)重點分析：
But the decline is not just the consequence of big social trends. Policy plays a role, too.
這個句式很好，表示“不僅因為...，...也起了一定作用”，試著造個句子
The extinction of this species is not just the consequence of evolution. Human activity plays a role, too.
這一物種的滅絕不僅僅是進化的結(jié)果，人類活動也起到了一定作用。
Governments can also help limit the consequences of social and economic turbulence. Active labour-market policies, which help re-train jobless workers and ease them back into work, prevent many suicides. And spending on health services, especially those that most benefit the old and sick, can make a big difference: fear of chronic pain is one of the things that leads people to seek a quick way out. The remarkable recent fall in suicide among elderly Britons may have happened in part because Britain’s palliative-care system is the best in the world.
(一)內(nèi)容總結(jié)：
政府的政策能夠減少社會和經(jīng)濟動蕩帶來的不良影響。比如勞工市場政策，幫助失業(yè)人員再就業(yè)，增加醫(yī)療福利等都可以減少自殺率。
(二)實用表達總結(jié)：
1. ease into sth
= if you ease yourself or someone else into a new job etc, you start doing it gradually or hep them to start 緩慢地進入，慢慢來，熟悉（新工作，新環(huán)境）
It's a big step, but we're trying to ease him into the idea. 這是一件大事，我們會嘗試慢慢告訴他。
Some parents travel with their children and spend the first week or two with them at university to help them ease into college life.一些父母和孩子一起去學校，和他們在大學里度過一兩周的適應期，幫助他們適應大學的生活。
2. chronic
chronic 慢性的，形容詞。副詞是chronically。
注意要跟chronicle區(qū)分開來，名詞是“編年史”的意思，動詞是“按照事件發(fā)生順序記載”。形容詞是chronological。
3. 本文里面，關于“自殺”有哪些表達
① commit suicide
② shoot/kill themselves
③ take their own lives
④ seek a quick way out
⑤ self-slaughter
⑥ self-destruction
4. elderly
年紀較大的，禮貌委婉的說法，跟old一個意思，是形容詞的，不要看到“l(fā)y”就以為是副詞喲。
而elder是指，較為年長者。
聯(lián)想到上一篇有關“日本老齡化”問題的經(jīng)濟學人里面的“aged”一詞。
the elderly 是指 people who are old 上了年紀的人
the aged 是指 very old people 年邁的老人
*the+形容詞 表示一類人，本段中也出現(xiàn)了
...especially those that most benefit the old and sick...
5. Briton
截圖來自牛津詞典
(三)背景知識：
palliative-care
臨終關懷也稱「安寧和緩醫(yī)療」、「善終服務」、「安寧療護」、「姑息療法」，通常是針對癌癥末期患者使用的治療方法，由于物理治療對末期患者逐漸失去效果，反而只會令患者的性命延長，從而使他們飽受更多的痛苦，因此便提倡以安寧緩和醫(yī)療的方式對患者進行護理，令患者能夠以更安詳和有尊嚴的姿態(tài)離開人世。
安寧緩和醫(yī)療于1967年由英國醫(yī)師西西里·桑德斯開始推廣，治療方法包括以口服和注射藥物來減輕痛苦，并在社會、心理和靈性上提供治療護理。這種治療方法理論上不會延長病患的瀕死期，而其目的是為提升患者在臨終前的生活品質(zhì)。通常由心理輔導師、社工和志愿者提供所需要的護理，除了減輕患者的痛苦外，同時亦能減緩家屬的心理創(chuàng)傷及負擔。詳見：
Efforts to curb access to the means to kill oneself can help, too. Suicide is surprisingly impulsive. A study of young Chinese women who had tried to kill themselves showed that three-fifths had been contemplating suicide for less than two hours, and one in ten for less than a minute. Of 515 people who had survived the leap from San Francisco’s Golden Gate bridge between 1937 and 1971, 94% were still alive in 1978— which suggests that a suicide postponed is likely to be a suicide prevented.
（一）內(nèi)容總結(jié)：
阻止人們接觸自殺的工具也可以起作用。自殺是沖動行為，很多從自殺中幸存的人都說，他們都是短期內(nèi)就做了決定。1937年到1971年，有515人從舊金山的金門大橋跳下幸存，其中94%在1978年仍然活著——這說明延遲自殺很可能就是阻止自殺。
（二）實用表達：
①Efforts to curb access to the means to kill oneself can help.
這句非常簡潔明了。首先來看兩個老熟人每日一詞：
access:我們已經(jīng)學到過，access不僅可以表示入口，還可以表示“享用某物的權利和機會”，這里表示“接觸，使用的機會”。access to表示“接觸；使用”。
help:help這里作不及物動詞，就是表達“頂事；管用”。
②means做“工具；方式”講的時候，有如下搭配
1）means of :means of transportation/communication
2 )means to:means to achieve our goal.
③我們在表達“為……做出的努力很有用/無用”時，可以用這個表達：
Efforts to XX can help
比如：Efforts to curb teenagers' access to? Internet Cafe can help.（阻止青少年去網(wǎng)吧很管用）。
Efforts to equip buses with security personnel cannot help at all.（給公交車配保安根本沒用）.
④ a suicide postponed is likely to be a suicide prevented
這句話結(jié)構(gòu)工整，也很押韻。
我們可以這么仿寫：
Crime postponed is likely to be crime prevented. 有時候，延遲犯罪就是阻止犯罪。
（三）重難點分析：
Three-fifths had been contemplating suicide for less than two hours, and one in ten for less than a minute.
這句話表達分數(shù)用了兩種，分別是Three-fifths以及one in ten，就比較靈活，而且注意在表示“一段時間”前我們要用到介詞for。
Governments can do a lot to put self-slaughter a little further out of reach. The most toxic pesticides account for one-seventh of suicides. When South Korea outlawed paraquat in 2011, it saw a decline in suicides but no drop in agricultural output. Requiring potentially lethal medicines to be sold only in small quantities, as some countries have done with aspirin and paracetamol, has also been shown to help. But the most effective measure of all is limiting access to guns. Half of all Americans who commit suicide shoot themselves, and the overall rate in America is about twice that in Britain, which has strict gun controls. The difference in gun ownership largely accounts for the state-by-state variation in suicide rates.
（一）內(nèi)容總結(jié)：
讓人們更加不能接觸自殺，政府還能做很多。服用毒性最強的毒藥占據(jù)了自殺死因的七分之一。韓國宣布 百草枯非法時，自殺下降了，但是農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量并未受到影響。要求潛在的致命藥品僅能以小劑量出售（例如一些國家對阿司匹林和撲熱息痛的處理），也很有用。但最有效的手段是限制槍支獲得途徑。對槍支管控的差別在很大程度上解釋了各國自殺率的區(qū)別。
（二）實用表達：
①自殺：slaughter 表示：“殺戮;屠殺”。self-slaughter，自己宰自己，就是自殺。同理還有self-murder，都可以跟suicide一樣表示自殺。
② Put sth out of reach:使……夠不著；使什么難以觸及；
造句：Put the pills which are in the guise of candy out of children's reach.（把偽裝得像糖一樣的藥物放在孩子不能接觸的地方）。
③ account for：表示占據(jù)，可以跟take up互換。這個段用了兩個account for,但是意思不同，在本段最后一句表示的是“解釋；導致”。account for的用法很靈活，大家可以自行在詞典里深入了解。
分別造句：
Females account for nearly two thirds in our community.（社群女性幾乎占了三分之二）。
One cause cannot account for all diseases.（一個病因解釋不了所有的疾?。?。
④the most effective measure of all is to：可以用來寫解決方案：
造句：The most effective measure of all is to curb access to drugs/ put drugs out of reach.（最有效的就是讓毒品觸不可及。）
三：重難點分析：
背景知識補充：
①paraquat ：百草枯，很形象的一個名字，所到之處百草枯萎。很多時候，很多人誤服百草枯（丁香園發(fā)布文章，可點擊藍字閱讀）；
關于這個東西如何要人性命，我放上丁香園的相關鏈接，有興趣可以閱讀原文：百草枯。
以上鏈接非常推薦大家閱讀，雖然我們大家可能接觸農(nóng)藥的機會少，但是知道一點總是有用的。
②paracetamol：這個東西叫做撲熱息痛，也是一看名字就知道特性的（咋讓我想起了花卷，肉丸子，燦燦），這個東西大家基本都吃過，感冒藥里基本都有，連打著中成藥旗號的維C銀翹片都有這家伙。群里的寶媽不知道熟不熟悉這個：
關于撲熱息痛的科普，我用“意大利華裔醫(yī)生在北京和睦家醫(yī)院”的一張微博科普解釋，讓大家不要擔心，正常服用Aspirin（阿司匹林）和paracetamol都是安全的。
The media can also do their bit. Suicide is strangely contagious. When Robin Williams, an actor, killed himself in 2014, his method and motives were reported in great detail. Researchers calculated that there were 1,800 more suicides than would otherwise have been expected in the next four months, often using the same method. Journalists should cover such tragedies in less detail, and with more restraint.
（一）內(nèi)容總結(jié)：
這一段呼吁媒體也可以為降低自殺率做點事。為避免2014年Robin Williams結(jié)束自己生命后四個月內(nèi)自殺事件突增的情況再發(fā)生，記者應該在報道這類悲劇時更克制和盡量避免描述細節(jié)。
（二）實用表達：
1.sb can also do their bit
用來表達“也出了一份力”，與sb helps可以同義替換。
造句：Speaking of reasons that cause air pollution,smoking also does its bit.
2.contagious
這個詞本意為某種病是有傳染性的，引申為“情感、行動等富于感染力，if a feeling, attitude, or action is contagious, other people are quickly affected by it and begin to have it or do it”
本文中的“Suicide is strangely contagious.”就是“自殺有種奇特的傳染性”的意思。
如果想說種族歧視就像傳染病，可以說：
Racism is like a contagious disease.
3.otherwise
otherwise是個神奇的詞，可以用它來精簡整個句子，這里來學習它“要不然、否則 used when saying what would have happened or might have happened if something else had not happened”這一釋義。
在本段中，there were 1,800 more suicides than would otherwise have been expected in the next four months的意思為“四個月內(nèi)，相較于發(fā)生這件悲劇之前多了1800多起自殺事件”。這里用otherwise一個詞就替代了“如果悲劇沒有發(fā)生并且被大幅報道”這層含義。
再舉兩個例子體會一下otherwise這個釋義，如果你想說“若不是因為在機場耽擱了，我們早到這里了”，可以說：We were delayed at the airport. Otherwise we would have been here by lunch time.
另外，想表達“若不是得到了兩張免費機票，他們根本負擔不起去加拿大旅游”，就可以說：They got two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they’d never have been able to afford to go.
（三）重點分析：
Researchers calculated that there were 1,800 more suicides than would otherwise have been expected in the next four months, often using the same method.
這句話很長，可以分為幾個層次來理解：
首先，Researchers calculated that研究人員統(tǒng)計了一個數(shù)據(jù)，數(shù)據(jù)是什么呢？that引導出主句，there were 1,800 more suicides than would otherwise have been expected in the next four months，可以看出統(tǒng)計的數(shù)據(jù)為“多出了1800個自殺事件”，與什么情況作對比的呢？通過than可以看出比較的主體為would otherwise have been expected“如果沒有這件悲劇發(fā)生的話”，后面in the next four months限定了時間為悲劇發(fā)生后的四個月，often using the same method補充說明這些新增的自殺事件通常使用的自殺方法與Robin一樣。
綜上所述，這句話可以這樣理解：研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，自Robin Williams的悲劇發(fā)生后四個月內(nèi)，自殺事件多了1800起，并且這些人通常使用了與Robin同一種自殺方法。
For a few people—those who are terminally ill, in severe pain and determined to die—suicide may be the least terrible option. In such circumstances, and with firm safeguards, doctors should be allowed to assist. But many of the 800,000 people who kill themselves each year act in haste, and more could be saved with better health services, labour-market policies and curbs on booze, guns, pesticide and pills. America, in particular, could spare much pain by learning from the progress elsewhere.
（一）內(nèi)容總結(jié)：
最后一段明確了作者的態(tài)度，對于長期被病痛折磨的人應該有在醫(yī)生協(xié)助下結(jié)束自己生命的權利。但更多倉促赴死的人應該可以得到幫助，尤其在美國，政府可以通過學習其他國家在這方面的發(fā)展為這些人解脫痛苦。
（二）實用表達：
1.act in haste
haste表示倉促：great speed in doing something, especially because you do not have enough time。in haste表示急忙地，如果想表達離開得匆忙，可以說left in haste，不過in haste是比較正式的表達，一般在口語中還是用hurry比較多。
在本文中kill themselves act in haste，意為倉促地結(jié)束掉自己的生命。（沒有經(jīng)過深思熟慮）
2.curb on booze,guns…
curb這個詞表示控制和約束，同義詞為restrain。表示對sth的管控時常與on連用。
比如：
curb on spending抑制消費
curb on government borrowing 控制政府借債
在本段中表示對酒類和槍支等的管控。
3.spare much pain
spare作為動詞有很多層含義，這里用的是這個詞的“免除（麻煩或痛苦）”之意：to prevent someone from having to experience something difficult or unpleasant
如果想表達不用受頭痛之苦了，可以說：
spare the pain of headache
習語分享：
act in haste,repent at leisure：倉促行事，閑時后悔
相似表達有：marry in haste,repent at leisure，與我們常說的“閃婚后悔半輩子”類似。
