Maven 模塊化開發(fā)

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概述

在多人協(xié)同開發(fā)時(shí)，特別是規(guī)模較大的項(xiàng)目，為了方便日后的代碼維護(hù)和管理，我們會(huì)將每個(gè)開發(fā)人員的工作細(xì)分到具體的功能和模塊上。隨著項(xiàng)目的不斷擴(kuò)大，模塊也會(huì)越來越多，后續(xù)會(huì)更加難以維護(hù)和擴(kuò)展，為了應(yīng)對(duì)這種情況后期我們還會(huì)采用微服務(wù)架構(gòu)的方式進(jìn)行開發(fā)。

以當(dāng)前教程為例，我們可以將模塊劃分為如下形式：

  • 統(tǒng)一的依賴管理（dependencies）
  • 通用的工具類（commons）
  • 領(lǐng)域模型（domain）
  • 管理后臺(tái)（admin）
  • 商城前端（ui）
  • 接口模塊（api）

整個(gè)模塊化開發(fā)過程主要是在開發(fā)思想上稍作了一些轉(zhuǎn)變，只需要按照下面的流程操作即可。

創(chuàng)建根項(xiàng)目（工程）

創(chuàng)建一個(gè)名為 my-shop 的工程，pom.xml 文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.funtl</groupId>
    <artifactId>my-shop</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    
    <modules>
    
    </modules>
</project>

該項(xiàng)目稱之為 Root 項(xiàng)目，主要作用是管理整個(gè)工程的全部模塊，當(dāng)有新模塊加入時(shí)需要在 modules 元素下配置對(duì)應(yīng)的模塊目錄

創(chuàng)建統(tǒng)一的依賴管理

創(chuàng)建一個(gè)名為 my-shop-dependencies 的項(xiàng)目，pom.xml 文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.funtl</groupId>
        <artifactId>my-shop</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>my-shop-dependencies</artifactId>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>

    <name>my-shop-dependencies</name>
    <description></description>

    <properties>
        <!-- 環(huán)境配置 -->
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>

        <!-- 統(tǒng)一的依賴管理 -->
        <commons-lang3.version>3.5</commons-lang3.version>
        <jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version>
        <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
        <servlet-api.version>3.1.0</servlet-api.version>
        <slf4j.version>1.7.25</slf4j.version>
        <spring.version>4.3.17.RELEASE</spring.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <!-- Spring Begin -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!-- Spring End -->

            <!-- Servlet Begin -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
                <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
                <version>${servlet-api.version}</version>
                <scope>provided</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
                <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
                <version>${jstl.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!-- Servlet End -->

            <!-- Log Begin -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
                <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
                <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
                <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>jul-to-slf4j</artifactId>
                <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>log4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
                <version>${log4j.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!-- Log End -->

            <!-- Commons Begin -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
                <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
                <version>${commons-lang3.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!-- Commons End -->
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <!-- Compiler 插件, 設(shè)定 JDK 版本 -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.7.0</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>${java.version}</source>
                    <target>${java.version}</target>
                    <encoding>${project.build.sourceEncoding}</encoding>
                    <showWarnings>true</showWarnings>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>

        <!-- 資源文件配置 -->
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                <excludes>
                    <exclude>**/*.java</exclude>
                </excludes>
            </resource>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
            </resource>
        </resources>
    </build>
</project>

PS：別忘記在 my-shop 工程的 pom.xml 中增加 <module>my-shop-dependencies</module> 配置

創(chuàng)建通用的工具類

創(chuàng)建一個(gè)名為 my-shop-commons 的項(xiàng)目，pom.xml 文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.funtl</groupId>
        <artifactId>my-shop-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath>../my-shop-dependencies/pom.xml</relativePath>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>my-shop-commons</artifactId>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>my-shop-commons</name>
    <description></description>

</project>

PS：別忘記在 my-shop 工程的 pom.xml 中增加 <module>my-shop-commons</module> 配置

創(chuàng)建領(lǐng)域模型

創(chuàng)建一個(gè)名為 my-shop-domain 的項(xiàng)目，pom.xml 文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.funtl</groupId>
        <artifactId>my-shop-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath>../my-shop-dependencies/pom.xml</relativePath>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>my-shop-domain</artifactId>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>my-shop-domain</name>
    <description></description>

</project>

PS：別忘記在 my-shop 工程的 pom.xml 中增加 <module>my-shop-domain</module> 配置

創(chuàng)建管理后臺(tái)

創(chuàng)建一個(gè)名為 my-shop-web-admin 的項(xiàng)目，pom.xml 文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.funtl</groupId>
        <artifactId>my-shop-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath>../my-shop-dependencies/pom.xml</relativePath>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>my-shop-web-admin</artifactId>
    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <name>my-shop-web-admin</name>
    <description></description>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.funtl</groupId>
            <artifactId>my-shop-commons</artifactId>
            <version>${project.parent.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.funtl</groupId>
            <artifactId>my-shop-domain</artifactId>
            <version>${project.parent.version}</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

PS：別忘記在 my-shop 工程的 pom.xml 中增加 <module>my-shop-web-admin</module> 配置

創(chuàng)建商城前端

創(chuàng)建一個(gè)名為 my-shop-web-ui 的項(xiàng)目，pom.xml 文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.funtl</groupId>
        <artifactId>my-shop-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath>../my-shop-dependencies/pom.xml</relativePath>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>my-shop-web-ui</artifactId>
    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <name>my-shop-web-ui</name>
    <description></description>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.funtl</groupId>
            <artifactId>my-shop-commons</artifactId>
            <version>${project.parent.version}</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

PS：別忘記在 my-shop 工程的 pom.xml 中增加 <module>my-shop-web-ui</module> 配置

創(chuàng)建接口模塊

創(chuàng)建一個(gè)名為 my-shop-web-api 的項(xiàng)目，pom.xml 文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.funtl</groupId>
        <artifactId>my-shop-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath>../my-shop-dependencies/pom.xml</relativePath>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>my-shop-web-api</artifactId>
    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <name>my-shop-web-api</name>
    <description></description>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.funtl</groupId>
            <artifactId>my-shop-commons</artifactId>
            <version>${project.parent.version}</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

PS：別忘記在 my-shop 工程的 pom.xml 中增加 <module>my-shop-web-api</module> 配置

清理、編譯、打包

至此一個(gè)完整的模塊化工程創(chuàng)建完畢，此時(shí)的 Root 工程 pom.xml 文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.funtl</groupId>
    <artifactId>my-shop</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>

    <modules>
        <module>my-shop-dependencies</module>
        <module>my-shop-commons</module>
        <module>my-shop-domain</module>
        <module>my-shop-web-admin</module>
        <module>my-shop-web-ui</module>
        <module>my-shop-web-api</module>
    </modules>
</project>

我們可以在 Root 工程中使用 Maven 提供的 mvn clean 命令測(cè)試一下效果，控制臺(tái)輸出如下：

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Reactor Build Order:
[INFO]
[INFO] my-shop
[INFO] my-shop-dependencies
[INFO] my-shop-commons
[INFO] my-shop-domain
[INFO] my-shop-web-admin
[INFO] my-shop-web-ui
[INFO] my-shop-web-api
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building my-shop 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ my-shop ---
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building my-shop-dependencies 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ my-shop-dependencies ---
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building my-shop-commons 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ my-shop-commons ---
[INFO] Deleting D:\Workspace\my-shop\my-shop-commons\target
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building my-shop-domain 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ my-shop-domain ---
[INFO] Deleting D:\Workspace\my-shop\my-shop-domain\target
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building my-shop-web-admin 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ my-shop-web-admin ---
[INFO] Deleting D:\Workspace\my-shop\my-shop-web-admin\target
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building my-shop-web-ui 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ my-shop-web-ui ---
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building my-shop-web-api 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ my-shop-web-api ---
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Reactor Summary:
[INFO]
[INFO] my-shop ............................................ SUCCESS [  0.158 s]
[INFO] my-shop-dependencies ............................... SUCCESS [  0.004 s]
[INFO] my-shop-commons .................................... SUCCESS [  0.020 s]
[INFO] my-shop-domain ..................................... SUCCESS [  0.016 s]
[INFO] my-shop-web-admin .................................. SUCCESS [  0.033 s]
[INFO] my-shop-web-ui ..................................... SUCCESS [  0.012 s]
[INFO] my-shop-web-api .................................... SUCCESS [  0.008 s]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 0.400 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2018-06-12T07:47:58+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 8M/241M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
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