二、英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言類錯(cuò)誤
㈠時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤、語(yǔ)態(tài)不當(dāng)
例一：Forbes?released the 2013 Global 2000 list, and CNOOC Limited?ranked?111.
應(yīng)該是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)was ranked。例如：the only Canadian woman to be ranked in the top 50 of the women's world rankings.[3]（…進(jìn)入世界婦女排行榜前50名的惟一的加拿大婦女。）
Agassi was at that time ranked sixth in the world.[4]
例二：中國(guó)海洋石油有限公司在香港宣布，收購(gòu)西班牙瑞普索（Repsol—YPE）公司在印度尼西亞資產(chǎn)的五大油田的部分權(quán)益。在該項(xiàng)收購(gòu)合同中，有限公司斥資5.8億美元，并將會(huì)帶來(lái)每年4000萬(wàn)桶（636萬(wàn)立方米）的份額原油，此項(xiàng)兼并是目前中國(guó)公司最大的并購(gòu)國(guó)外資產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目之一。
CNOOC Limited announced that it had purchased Indonesian oil assets from Spanish oil giant Repsol-YPE. CNOOC said it?has agreed?to pay US$580 million for part of the working interests in five oil and gas fields of Repsol-YPE.
不知為何要翻成間接引語(yǔ)。既然是間接引語(yǔ)，指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞都要做相應(yīng)變化。例如：He said，“I haven't heard from my parents these days.”
——>He said that he hadn't heard from his parents those days.[5]
因此，上面應(yīng)該改成過(guò)去完成時(shí)，或者去掉CNOOC said。
例三：中國(guó)海洋石油總公司與德士古中國(guó)公司簽訂了渤海灣渤中25-1/25-1南開發(fā)協(xié)議，實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)橫跨自營(yíng)區(qū)塊和合作區(qū)塊油田構(gòu)造進(jìn)行一體化開發(fā)。
China National Offshore Oil Corporation (“CNOOC?！? and Texaco China B.V., a subsidiary of Chevron Texaco (“ChevronTexaco”), had entered into an agreement for the unitization development ofBZ25-1/25-1Soil field in the Bohai Bay, which?realized?the integrated development across the oil field structure of self-financed area and corporation area.
中文不夠嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，剛簽了開發(fā)協(xié)議，就“實(shí)現(xiàn)了”開發(fā)。英文這樣寫恐怕就有問(wèn)題。先看agreement的定義：An?agreement?is a formal decision about future action that is made by two or more countries, groups, or people.[6]請(qǐng)注意是about future action。其次，看看英文媒體的例句：
The?agreement?states that Saleh will transfer power and leave office within 30 days.[7]
The?agreement?will allow the Lockerbie families to begin receiving millions of dollars each from Libya.[8]因此，realized應(yīng)改成would realize。
例四：中國(guó)海洋石油有限公司宣布東海西湖天然氣聯(lián)合開發(fā)項(xiàng)目正式啟動(dòng)。合作雙方是中國(guó)海洋石油有限公司和中石化成立的西湖項(xiàng)目中方管委會(huì)和東海西湖石油天然氣作業(yè)公司，對(duì)該區(qū)域的總體開發(fā)進(jìn)行管理。中國(guó)海洋有限公司任該項(xiàng)目的作業(yè)者。
CNOOC Limited (the"Company") announced that the joint development project of Xihu Natural Gas in the East China Sea had been inaugurated. Current partners,CNOOC Limited and Sinopec, have formed a joint management committee and established the East China Sea Xihu Oil and Gas Operating Company to oversee the overall development of the region. CNOOC Limited?was?the operator.
這里最后一句用了一個(gè)LINKING OR STATE OF BEING VERB的過(guò)去式，由于這個(gè)動(dòng)詞用于描述狀態(tài)，除非被描述的狀態(tài)已經(jīng)改變，否則，要慎用過(guò)去式。網(wǎng)上有本電子書叫《專門為中國(guó)人寫的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法》，有一段專門描述了這種情形：
假如我們看過(guò)一個(gè)小男孩然后我們說(shuō)
He was a good boy.
那就是說(shuō)他現(xiàn)在已不是一個(gè)好男孩了，變成了一個(gè)不乖的孩子，或者他已經(jīng)死了。
英文里的過(guò)去式常常是偵探用來(lái)破案的線索。有一次，有一個(gè)母親，向警察報(bào)案，說(shuō)她的女兒失蹤了，她在記者面前，聲淚俱下地說(shuō)
She was such a nice girl.
警察馬上覺(jué)得這位母親有問(wèn)題，因?yàn)樗辉撚眠^(guò)去式的，用了過(guò)去式，表示女兒已經(jīng)死了，可是母親不是說(shuō)她失蹤了嗎？為什么她用過(guò)去式，極有可能因?yàn)樗浪畠阂呀?jīng)死了，才脫口而出，用了過(guò)去式。警察因此懷疑母親本人就是兇手，事實(shí)也果真如此：這位母親打自己的女兒，出手太重，將女兒打死了，謊報(bào)女兒失蹤，她用了過(guò)去式，使警察知道她有問(wèn)題。整個(gè)案子的偵破，就在于過(guò)去式。
除非寫這個(gè)文章時(shí)CNOOC已經(jīng)不是作業(yè)者，否則，就不應(yīng)該用過(guò)去式。
㈡憑想象用介詞
例一：China Offshore Oil Nanhuanghai Corporation was renamed?as?China Offshore Oil Donghai Corporation.
這個(gè)as是多余的。例：Tel Aviv's Kings Square was renamed Yitzhak Rabin Square[9].（特拉維夫的國(guó)王廣場(chǎng)更名為伊扎克·拉賓廣場(chǎng)。）
Myddleton Way was renamed Allende Avenue[10].
Theshipwassold,paintedand renamed the 'SuezStar'[11].(這艘輪船被出售后油漆一新，并改名為“蘇伊士之星”號(hào)。)
例二：Standard & Poor's and Moody's continue to rate the company with credit ratings of AA- and Aa3,the highest for a Chinese corporation.
with是多余的。例：He is generally rated the country's No. 3 industrialist[12].（他被大家普遍看成該國(guó)的第3大實(shí)業(yè)家。）在網(wǎng)上還找到了一條標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾的評(píng)級(jí)新聞：
S&P still happy to rate Australia AAA[13]
例三：中國(guó)海洋石油有限公司榮獲第十五屆普氏全球能源"年度最佳并購(gòu)交易"大獎(jiǎng)。
CNOOC Limited received the Platts Strategic Vision Award?of?Deal?of?the Year.
Strategic vision Award是大獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)的名字，里面分成了Energy Company of the Year，CEO of the Year，Deal of the Year等若干個(gè)單項(xiàng)獎(jiǎng)，類似諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)分成物理獎(jiǎng)、化學(xué)獎(jiǎng)等，表達(dá)方法為Nobel Prize in Physiological or Medicine。因此這里也應(yīng)該寫成Strategic Vision Award in Deal of the Year。
例四：6月在廣州成立南海東部石油公司，在湛江石油工業(yè)部南海石油勘探指揮部的基礎(chǔ)上成立南海西部石油公司。
In June 1982 the Nanhai East Oil Corporation was founded in Guangzhou and the Nanhai West Oil Corporation was founded in Zhanjiang?with its base at?the Nanhai Oil Exploration Headquarters of the Ministry of Petroleum Industry.
with its base at這是自己想象的，應(yīng)該是on the basis of。
例五：successfully entered the international capital market through the public listing of its oil and gas assets?in?New York and Hong Kong stock markets.
首先，如果用New York Stock Exchange而不是stock market的話，介詞肯定用on，不是in。例如：...a basket of blue chip stocks listed on the American Exchange[14].（…在美國(guó)證券交易所上市的一組績(jī)優(yōu)股。）
Companies may want to get their stock listed on a stock exchange[15].
問(wèn)題是這里用的是market，到底是in the market還是on the market?有個(gè)English Language Learners StackExchange網(wǎng)站是這樣解釋的：
You can also be in the market if you are willing to buy something. Compare:
Company X is on the market for a takeover.
Company X is in the market for a takeover.
The first sentence means someone can buy them- the second indicates?they?want to buy!
If something is for sale, it is?on?the market.
Our product has been on the market for two months now.
There is a lot of software on the market.
I want to move to another town; I put my house on the market[16].
由上面的解釋看來(lái)，上市公司是出售股票，應(yīng)該用on the stock market.
例六：2011年起，中國(guó)海油第六屆領(lǐng)導(dǎo)班子提出“二次跨越”的宏偉藍(lán)圖，“二次跨越”在指導(dǎo)思想上始終注意突出科學(xué)發(fā)展主題，緊扣轉(zhuǎn)變發(fā)展方式主線，牢牢把握“做強(qiáng)做優(yōu)”方向，以建設(shè)國(guó)際一流能源公司為目標(biāo)，強(qiáng)化危機(jī)意識(shí)、責(zé)任意識(shí)和創(chuàng)新意識(shí)，正確處理質(zhì)量與速度、規(guī)模與效益、當(dāng)前與長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)、整體與局部、機(jī)關(guān)與基層等重要關(guān)系，更好承擔(dān)中央企業(yè)的三大責(zé)任，樹立起負(fù)責(zé)任的國(guó)家石油公司形象，實(shí)現(xiàn)新時(shí)期公司新的跨越發(fā)展。
Since 2011,CNOOC has set?for?new leap frog development under the guidance of the sixth leader group. The Company steadily holds to the scientific concept of development and accelerates the improving in the economic development mode, while fully undertaking the responsibilities of a corporate citizen.
set作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)才有設(shè)立、建立的意思，V-T?If you?set?a date, price, goal, or level, you decide what it will be[17].（決定;確定）。例如：
The conference chairman has set a deadline of noon tomorrow.（會(huì)議主席設(shè)定明天中午為最后期限。）[18]
A date will be set for a future meeting.（將為未來(lái)的會(huì)議確定一個(gè)日期。）[18]
因此set for是個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的搭配，除非be set for。中文“提出。。。宏偉藍(lán)圖”已屬于動(dòng)賓搭配不當(dāng)。英文set for...development也不對(duì)，應(yīng)該去掉for，development后面加goal。
例七：The representatives participating in the meeting discussed?on?the Provisional Regulations for the work of CNOOC Delegating a Board of Supervisors, and proposed modification suggestions.
discuss是及物動(dòng)詞，其定義是V-T?If people?discuss?something,they talk about it, often in order to reach a decision.（討論）[18]。例如：
I will be discussing the situation with colleagues tomorrow.[18]（我將于明天和同事們討論這個(gè)情況。）
The council discussed the proposed law on taxes.[18]（委員會(huì)討論了所提的稅法議案。）
例八：中國(guó)海洋石油總公司和中國(guó)化工建設(shè)總公司進(jìn)行重組，中化建整體并入中國(guó)海油。
China National Chemical Construction Company (CNCCC) merged into and became a subsidiary of CNOOC.
into后面要有賓語(yǔ)。例如：
Three bureaus have merged into two.[19]（三個(gè)局合并成兩個(gè)局。）
If agreed, the six regional Careers Wales companies would?merge?into?a single national Careers Wales.[20]
例九：抓住重點(diǎn)，完成年度產(chǎn)量目標(biāo)。公司已確定2014年凈產(chǎn)量目標(biāo)為422-435百萬(wàn)桶油當(dāng)量。
First, the company will focus on major tasks so as to accomplish its annual production target. The company has set its net production target?at?422-435 million BOE in 2014.
Target后面應(yīng)該是of而不是at，特意在網(wǎng)上找來(lái)兩條關(guān)于產(chǎn)量目標(biāo)的新聞。
As per assessment,the total cotton production would stand at 13.5395 million bales against the target of 15.1 million bales set by the government.[21]
Aug 4(Reuters) -Australia's Roc Oil Co Ltd (ROC.AX: Cotation) ROC.L on Tuesday said it was unlikely to achieve its 2009 production target of 11,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day (boepd), hurt by closure of a well and a planned downtime.[22]
例十：The LNG receiving stations supplied gas?for?Guangdong, Fujian and Shanghai safely and stably.
地名前面的介詞用to。例如：
to supply gas to communities[23]（向社區(qū)供應(yīng)煤氣）
West-East Gas Pipeline Project to supply gas to Shanghai in 2005[24]
RIL-BP to supply gas to Andhra power projects[25]
例十一：公司加快汽車和船舶加氣市場(chǎng)布局。
The company sped up the entrance?in?the vehicle and ship gas filling market.
應(yīng)該是into。N-SING?If you make an entrance?into a particular activity or system, you succeed in becoming involved in it.[26]（進(jìn)入）。例：
The acquisition helped BCCI make its initial entrance into the U.S. market.[26]（這次接管幫助國(guó)際信貸銀行首次進(jìn)入了美國(guó)市場(chǎng)。）
[4]Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English.Pearson Education Limited, 2011. ldoceonline.com. Web. 10 November 2014.
[5]百度百科，“間接引語(yǔ)”，http://baike.baidu.com/view/1929194.htm（2014-11-17查詢）
[6]《柯林斯英漢雙解大詞典》
[7]CNN:Qatar bails out of?Yemen pact, citing procrastination'
http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/meast/05/12/yemen.unrest.qatar/index.html?(accessed
November 12, 2014)
[8]CNN:France 'stops blocking Libya?deal
'http://edition.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/africa/09/11/libya.france/index.html?(accessed
November 12, 2014)
[9]《柯林斯英漢雙解大詞典》
[10] Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English.Pearson Education Limited, 2011. ldoceonline.com. Web. 10 November 2014.
[11]Cambridge dictionaries online.Cambridge University Press, 2014.
dictionary.cambridge.org.Web. 12 November 2014.
[12]《柯林斯英漢雙解大詞典》
[14]《柯林斯英漢雙解大詞典》
[15]WIKIpedia. “Stock market”,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stock_market?(accessed
November 12, 2014)
[16] English Language Learners Stack Exchange，”On the market or In the market?”,http://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/17733/on-the-market-or-in-the-market(accessed November 12, 2014)
[17]《柯林斯英漢雙解大詞典》
[18]《柯林斯英漢雙解大詞典》
[19]《新英漢大辭典》
[20]BBC:Debate on the careers?services
.http://news.bbc.co.uk/democracylive/hi/wales/newsid_9216000/9216254.stm?(accessed November 12, 2014)
[21] THE EXPRESS TRIBUNE.http://tribune.com.pk/story/776722/cotton-production-target-may-be-missed/?(accessed November 12, 2014)
[22] Thomson Reuters.http://fr.reuters.com/article/idUKBNG48332720090804?(accessed November 12, 2014)
[23]《21世紀(jì)大英漢詞典》
[24] Alexander’s Gas & Oil Connections.
http://www.gasandoil.com/news/2003/10/cns34020?(accessed November 12, 2014)
[25]?business-standard.com?http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/ril-bp-to-supply-gas-to-andhra-power-projects-112082100046_1.html?(accessed November 12, 2014)
[26]《柯林斯英漢雙解大詞典》
